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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mini-Chiuz (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 27 (1993), S. 6-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19930270102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trägerkatalysatoren aus C12-allylnickel(II)-komplexen [Ni(C12H19)]X (X = SbF6, O3SCF3) und amorphem aluminiumfluorid in toluol als modell-katalysatoren für das technische katalysatorsystem Ni(octanoat)2/BF3·OEt2/AlEt3 zur 1,4-cis-polymerisation des butadiens39. Mitteilung über Komplexkatalyse, 38. Mitteilung vgl. Lit.15. (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 1273-1288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The η3, η2, η2-dodeca-2(E), 6(E), 10(Z)-trien-1-yl-nickel(II) complexes [Ni(C12H19)]X (X = SbF6, O3SCF3) were treated in toluene with amorphous aluminium trifluoride (which was prepared from AlEt3 and BF3 · OEt2) in a mole ratio 1 : 10 to 20, forming a highly active catalyst for the 1,4-cis polymerization of butadiene. This catalyst is comparable in its activity and selectivity, and in the molar mass distribution of the polybutadiene, with the technical nickel catalyst Ni(O2CR)2/BF3ċOEt2/AlE3 developed by Bridgestone Tire Company thirty years ago. The existence of the C12-allynickel(II) cation [Ni(C12H19)]+ on the AlF3 support could be proved by FAB mass spectroscopic measurements. In agreement with our reaction model for the allyl nickel complex catalyzed butadiene polymerization, it is concluded that the technical nickel catalyst in its effective structure can be described as a polybutadienylnickel(II) complex co-ordinated to a polymeric fluoroaluminate anion via a fluoride bridge.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940502
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoschaltbare CatenaneDiese Arbeit wurde vom Bunderministerium für Forschung und Technologie, Projekt 0329120 A. gefördert. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 105 (1993), S. 1356-1358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19931050911
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Kristallstruktur des Nonaselenids [Sr(15-Krone-5)2]Se9 (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 416-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Nonaselenide ; Synthesis ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Nonaselenide [Sr(15-crown-5)2]Se9The title compound was prepared by the reaction of excess selenium with strontium diselenide in DMF in the presence of 15-crown-5. [Sr(15-crown-5)2]Se9 forms black crystals, which are soluble in DMF. They were characterized by FIR spectroscopy and by an X-ray structure determination.Space group P21/n, Z = 4, 2 381 observed unique reflections, R = 0.073. Lattice dimensions at 19°C: a = 1 228.7, b = 1 893.4, c = 1 575.7 pm, β = 99.15°. The compound consists of [Sr(15-crown-5)2]2+ ions in which the strontium ion is coordinated by the oxygen atoms of the crown ether molecules in a sandwich-like fashion, and of Se92- ions with a chain structure, which has a topolocical resemblance with the bicyclic ion Se102-.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung entsteht durch Einwirkung von überschüssigem Selen auf Strontiumdiselenid in Dimethylformamid (DMF) in Gegenwart von 15-Krone-5. [Sr(15-Krone-5)2]Se9 bildet schwarze, in DMF leicht lösliche Kristalle, die durch das FIR-Spektrum und eine röntgenographische Strukturanalyse charakterisiert werden.Raumgruppe P21/n, Z = 4, 2 381 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,073. Gitterabmessungen bei 19°C: a = 1 228,7; b = 1 893,4; c = 1 575,7 pm, β = 99,15°. Die Verbindung besteht aus [Sr(15-Krone-5)2]2+-Ionen, in denen das Strontiumion sandwichartig von den O-Atomen der beiden Kronenethermoleküle umgeben ist, und kettenförmigen Se92--Ionen, die topologische Verwandtschaft zu dem bicyclischen Se102--Ion aufweisen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19936190229
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colloidal carriers for intravenous drug targeting: Plasma protein adsorption patterns on surface-modified latex particles evaluated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 14 (1993), S. 1382-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Targeting to specific sites of the body via colloidal carriers is sought in order to reduce drug side effects. The adsorption of plasma proteins on intravenously injected particles is regarded as the key factor in explaining their organ distribution: total bound protein, or, more likely, the presence of specific proteins and their conformation, are expected to influence macrophage uptake. Polystyrene beads, 60 nm in diameter, were used as model carriers; their surface was differentially modified by adsorption of increasingly hydrophilic block copolymers, poloxamers 184, 188 and 407. After incubation in plasma, the patterns of protein adsorption onto coated beads were analyzed by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). The behavior of some representative proteins was monitored, including albumin, fibrinogen, IgG, factor B and the apolipoproteins, A-I, A-IV, C-III, E and J. The more hydrophobic the particles, the larger the total amount of bound protein. However, this correlation was not valid for all of the analyzed protein species, which proves that it is insufficient to look only at physico-chemical data to predict organ distribution. On the contrary, it is essential to use 2-D PAGE to establish the correlation between adsorbed proteins and carrier behavior in vivo.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501401214
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoswitchable CatenanesThis work was supported by the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologic, Project 0329120 A. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 32 (1993), S. 1295-1297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199312951
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine spektroskopische Methode zur Messung der Ammoniak-Permeabilität in PolymerfilmenHerrn Prof. Dr. Herward Pietsch zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1990), S. 5-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: A new spectroscopic method for determining the permeability of ammonia in transparent polymer layers is presented. It is based on the quantitative proof of the ammonia passing the test layer into a sensor layer, containing 4-nitrophenol as an NH3-sensitive probe, which is placed under the test film. The permeability (P) of the test layer is calculated from the slope of extinction with time in the sensor layer. The lag time (t1) gives the diffusion coefficient (D). The suitability of this method is confirmed by comparison with literature values. Diffusion coefficients obtained from t1 correspond well to those obtained by the sorption method.The temperature dependence of P and D in more than five different polymers (CDA, PVB, PVAc, PVC and different polyvinyl alcohols) demonstrates that peculiarities in the temperature dependence of the permeability result from the behaviour of the NH3-solubility (P/D) which is strongly dependent on the polymer structure.
    Notes: Es wird eine neuartige spektroskopische Methode zur Messung der Ammoniak-Permeabilität in transparenten Polymerfilmen vorgestellt. Sie beruht auf dem quantitativen Nachweis des den Testfilm durchdringenden Ammoniaks in einer darunter befindlichen Sensorschicht mit Hilfe der NH3-empfindlichen Sonde 4-Nitrophenol. Aus dem Anstieg der Extinktion mit der Zeit (ΔE/Δt) in der Sensorschicht wird die Permeabilität (P) und aus der Verzögerungszeit (lag time (t1)) der Diffusionskoeffizient (D) berechnet. Die Eignung der Methode wird durch Vergleich mit Literaturwerten belegt. Die aus t1 zugänglichen Diffusionskoeffizienten stimmen sehr gut mit denen überein, die mit der Sorptionsmethode gefunden werden.Die Temperaturabhängigkeiten von P und D in mehr als fünf verschiedenen Polymeren (CDA, PVB, PVAc, PVC und in verschiedenen Polyvinylalkoholen) zeigen, daß Besonderheiten im Temperaturgang der Permeabilität aus dem vom Aufbau des Polymeren stark abhängigen Verhalten der NH3-Löslichkeit (P/D) resultieren.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051790102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ölfettsäremodifizierte wäßrige Polymethacrylatdispersionen (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 204 (1993), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Water-borne paints have received greater attention. Existing concepts related to suitable binders are polymethacrylate dispersions crosslinkable by autoxidation. Essential synthesis steps of such dispersions and characteristic properties also of adequate coatings are described.Oil fatty acid structure units are enriched in the shell-region of the dispersed particles and the rest of nearly 30% is localized in the water phase as substituent of a water-soluble copolymer.
    Notes: Wäßrige Anstrichsysteme setzen sich in zunehmendem Maße durch. Als eine Entwicklungsvariante für diesbezüglich geeignete Bindemittel kommen autoxidativ vernet zende Polymethacfrylatdispersionen in Betracht. Es werden wesentliche Schritte der Synthese derartiger Dispersionen un dcharakteristische Eigenschaften auchvon Beschichtungen vorgestellt.Die Ölfettsäurestruktureinheiten sind im Schalenbereich der disperigierten Teilchen angereichert, und sie befinden sich außerden zu etwa 30% in der wäßrigen Phase als Substituenten eines löslichen Copolymeren.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052040112
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelluntersuchungen zur topologie der härtung geordneter epoxidnetzwerke (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 211 (1993), S. 61-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 4-Phenyl-4-(2,3-expoxypropyl)benzoate (I) can be cured to thermoset networks with a different degree of order by using isomeric aminophenyl aminobenzoates II to V as curing agents. The formation of intermediates during the curing reaction was studied by means of model compounds. From the reaction of the monoamino-substituted phenylbenzoates VI to IX the reactivities for the primary and the secondary aminoprotons towards epoxide was determined. The kinetic data were used for a stepwise simulation of the curing reaction. Arguments were found that in case of diamines with 4-aminobenzoate structure well ordered intermediates are formed, which crosslink in an early stage of the reaction.
    Notes: Die Härtung von 4-Phenyl-4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)benzoat (I) mit den isomeren Aminophenylaminobenzoaten II bis V führt zu unterschiedlich geordneten Epoxidnetzwerken. Die Bildung verschiedener Intemediate während der Härtungsreaktion wurde anhand von Modellverbindungen studiert. Aus der Reaktion der monoamino-substituierten Phenylbenzoate VI bis IX mit Epoxid wurden die Reaktionskostanten für die Addition an das primäre und das sekundäre Wasserstoffatom der Aminogruppen bestimmt. Die kinetischen Daten lassen sich für eine schrittweise Simulation des Härtungsverlaufs verwenden. Es wurden Argumente dafür gefunden, daß sich bei Verwendung der Amine mit 4-Aminobenzoat-Strukturen gut geordnete, schnell vernetzende Intermediate bilden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052110106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß des Photoinitiators auf die radikalische Härtung von Siliconacrylaten, 98. Mitt. vgl.10. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 206 (1993), S. 171-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The photo-induced, free-radical network formation of silicone acrylates has been investigated in the presence of several photoinitiators containing benzoyl groups. The crosslinking process can be described by means of a free-radical chain process. From calorimetrical measurements it is inferred that oxygen inhibits and terminates the chain propagation process. Both the reaction rate and the inhibition time of the crosslinking are proportional to the air pressure, to the intensity of the incident light, and to the quantum yield of the initiator photolysis.The reaction starts when all oxygen is consumed in the silicone layer. Using Fick's 1st diffusion law it can be show that only oxygen, which diffused into the system, determines the final conversion.Contrary, O2 influences the reaction rate, the inhibition time, and the final conversion. The network density does not depend on the oxygen concentration.The negative influence of oxygen on the reaction rate, on the inhibition time, and on the final conversion can be reduced by means of a high rate of the start reaction which depends on the incident light intensity, light absorption, and the quantum yield of the initiator photolysis.By means of two kinetical methods it is possible to show that any initiator used exhibits a different initiating efficienty; their relative order has been estimated.
    Notes: Die photoinduzierte radikalische Vernetzung von Siliconacrylaten wurde mit verschiedenen Photoinitiatoren vom Benzoyltyp untersucht. Die Photovernetzung derartiger Produkte kann mit Hilfe eines radikalischen Kettenprozesses beschrieben werden. Aus kalorimetrischen Messungen folgt, daß Sauerstoff den Kettenprozeß inhibiert und terminiert, wobei dei Vernetzungsgeschwindigkeit und die Inhibierungszeit Funktionen des Luftdrucks, der Lichtintensität und der Quantenausbeute der Initiatrophotolyse sind.Der Vernetzungsprozeß kann nur beginnen, wenn der Sauerstoff in der Schicht verbraucht ist. Mit Hilfe des 1. Fickschen Diffusionsgesetzes kann gezeigt werden, daß der in das System eindiffundierende Sauerstoff auch den Grenzumsatz bestimmt.Obwohl Sauerstoff in der Schicht die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, die Inhibierungszeit und den Grenzumsatz bestimmt, wurde jedoch überraschenderweise festgestellt, daß Sauerstoff auf die Netzwerkdiche keinen Einfluß besitzt.Der negative Effekt des Sauerstoffs auf den Vernetzungsprozeß kann durch eine hohe Startgeschwindigkeit (Funktion der Lichtintensität, der Absorption und der Quantenausbeute der Initiatorphotolyse) reduziert werden.Mit Hilfe von zwei kinetischen Methoden wurde ermittelt, daß die Initiierungseffizienzen der verwendeten Initiatoren verschieden sind, wobei relative Abstufungen bestimmt werden konnten.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052060115
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