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  • 1
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    Resource and Grade Control Model Updating for Underground Mining Production Settings (2020)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: A key requirement for the mining industry is the characterization of the spatial distribution of geometallurgical properties of the ore and waste in a mineral deposit. Due to geological uncertainty, resource models are crude representations of reality, and their value for forecasting is limited. Information collected during the production process is therefore of high value in the mining production chain. Models for mine planning are usually based on exploration information from an initial phase of the mineral extraction process. The integration of data with different supports into the resource or grade control model allows for continuous updating and is able to provide estimates that are more accurate locally. In this paper, an updating algorithm is presented that integrates two types of sensor information: sensors characterizing the exposed mine face, and sensors installed in the conveyor belt. The impact of the updating algorithm is analysed through a case study based on information collected from Reiche-Zeche, a silver–lead–zinc underground mine in Freiberg, Germany. The algorithm is implemented for several scenarios of a grade control model. Each scenario represents a different level of conditioning information prior to extraction: no conditioning information, conditioning information at the periphery of the mining panel, and conditioning information at the periphery and from boreholes intersecting the mining panel. Analysis is performed to compare the improvement obtained by updating for the different scenarios. It becomes obvious that the level of conditioning information before mining does not influence the updating performance after two or three updating steps. The learning effect of the updating algorithm kicks in very quickly and overwrites the conditioning information.
    Keywords: ddc:622 ; Data assimilation ; Geostatistics ; Geometallurgy ; Mineral resource estimation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical zonation and production rates of epiphytic algae on Phragmites australis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 34 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The vertical distribution of chlorophyll in epiphyton on Phragmites australis showed a peak in the middle sections of the submerged parts. Just below the water surface and above the sediment, chlorophyll concentrations were much less.2. During winter and early spring, loosely attached diatoms were predominant just below the water surface and on the middle sections of the Phragmites plants. Near the bottom, adnate diatoms, parenchymatous thalli of chlorophytes and cyanobacteria were abundant.3. At high photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) during May, filamentous species of Ulpthricophyceae and Zygophyceae developed dense populations on the middle sections of the stems.4. Primary production rate was proportional to chlorophyll concentration although production maxima were recorded above the biomass maxima.5. Where illumination was low, the chlorophyll-specific rate of photosynthesis (PB rate) decreased proportionally with the vertical decrease of PAR in the littoral zone, independent of the chlorophyll concentration on the stems.6. When illumination was high, the PB rate decreased as biomass increased, and was independent of surface radiation.7. The dependence of primary production rate on chlorophyll concentration produced a saturation curve with a maximum production at 4.6 μgC cm−2h−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00424.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantization of a classical system on a coadjoint orbit of the Poincaré group in 1+1 dimensions (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 35 (1994), S. 4405-4422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The connection is investigated between quantization by means of coherent states and geometric quantization, when the base manifold is a coadjoint orbit, and hence a homogeneous space, of the (1+1)-dimensional Poincaré group. Coherent states of the Poincaré group stem from a representation that is square-integrable modulo closed subgroup, and so they depend on a measurable section on the given homogeneous space. For each section that leads to a tight frame, a geometric prequantization is constructed, i.e., a Hermitian line bundle with metric connection. Conditions are given under which the two forms associated to the connection and to the coadjoint orbit structure of the base manifold coincide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.530860
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of species in an Anabaena flos-aquae association from the Plußsee (East-Holstein, Federal Republic of Germany) (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 58 (1983), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Fluorescent probes have been applied to study by epifluorescence microscopy interactions between species in an Anabaena flos-aquae association, derived from a freshwater community. Glycoconjugates (macromolecules containing carbohydrate residues) have been shown to play a vital role in recognition processes and in formation of attachment sites between cells. By use of a group of proteins (lectins) with specific affinities to certain sugar residues we were able to clucidate specific patterns expressed at cellular surfaces, thereby indicating the physiological state of a cell. Low molecular weight fluorochromes, like the fluorescent brightener calcofluor white have been shown to be extremely useful tools for visualizing structural entities (and species) which otherwise escape notice by microscopy. We have demonstrated that the decline of the bloom of Anabaena flos-aquae was caused or at least accelerated by action of a fungus (chytrid). We also proved that the shell (lorica) of a choanoflagellate most likely is built from chitin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production rates of epiphytic algae in a eutrophic lake (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 330 (1996), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: epiphytic algae ; chlorophyll a ; primary production rates ; P B rates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During three complete annual cycles, chlorophyll a concentrations and primary production rates of algae epiphytic on Phragmites australis in eutrophic Lake Belau were determined. Primary production rates reached a peak during spring due to the growth of diatoms and filamentous green algae. The chlorophyll-specific rates of photosynthesis were significantly higher during periods of stratification and increased exponentially with an increase in water temperature. No photoinhibition was observed, even at high irradiances. I k values were higher in summer than during periods of circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020821
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azobenzene-Based Photoswitchable Catenanes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 649-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Catenanes ; Interlocked rings ; Mechanical bond ; Photoswitches ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four catenanes (1-4) and the corresponding tetracationic monocycles 5-8 are synthesized. X-ray structural analyses allow a prediction of the mobility (circumrotation) of the „interlocked“ rings in the catenanes, which is proven by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. An unexpected order in the crystal packing of 6 is demonstrated. (E/Z) isomerization in one ring influences the second ring of 1-4 and inversely. An existing obstacle inside the cavity of the switchable macrocycle can block this isomerization completely.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199519950491
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of glycoconjugates at algal cell surfaces as monitored by FITC-conjugated lectins. Studies on selected species fromCyanophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Raphidophyta, Euglenophyta, Chromophyta, andChlorophyta (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 114 (1983), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Algae ; Blue-green algae ; Calcofluor white ST ; Cell surfaces ; Lectin receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 7 FITC-labeled lectins with hapten sugar specificities to α-D-mannosyl-/α-D-glucosyl-, β-D-galactosyl, α-L-fucosyl-, N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-, and N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine-residues have been used, to study the distribution of glycoconjugates (lectin binding sites, lectin receptors) at cell surfaces of 101 samples, comprising 89 species of pro- and eukaryotic algae. In parallel, calcofluor white ST binding studies have been performed. The results of this project revealed: 1. The major differences with respect to lectin binding reflect species-specific biochemical diversity, expressed at cell surfaces. 2. Apparently homogeneous structures (e.g. sheaths, surrounding trichomes ofCyanophyta, or mucilage at cell surfaces ofCyclotella spec. orChaetophora elegans) comprise molecular mosaics. The sheaths ofCyanophyta stain with calcofluor white ST. The chemical nature of the binding sites remains unresolved. 3. Lectins were shown to be useful tools, to identify genetic and developmental markers, being exposed at cell surfaces. 4. In a few cases it was shown that glycoconjugates are markers of cell polarity. They seem to be involved in adhesion of a cell to a substrate and in aggregate formation. 5. Evidence is provided that glycoconjugates are involved in interactions between algae and bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279873
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoschaltbare CatenaneDiese Arbeit wurde vom Bunderministerium für Forschung und Technologie, Projekt 0329120 A. gefördert. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 105 (1993), S. 1356-1358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19931050911
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invertase-catalyzed reactions in alcoholic solutions (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 1006-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The formation of alkyl β-D-fructofuranosides by invertase from sucrose in aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, or n-propanol is studied for the dependence on alcohol and invertase concentrations as well as on reaction time. The yield of alkyl β-D-fructosides is shown to be controlled by three competitive reactions: the alcoholysis of sucrose, the hydrolysis of sucrose, and the hydrolysis of alkyl β-D-fructosides. Both the conversion rate of sucrose and the fraction of alkyl β-D-fructosides in the product mixture are dependent on the chain length of the alcohols. They decrease in the sequence methanol 〉 ethanol 〉 n-propanol. Alkyl β-D-fructosides are also formed by invertase starting from alcoholic solutions of fructose.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260351008
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoswitchable CatenanesThis work was supported by the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologic, Project 0329120 A. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 32 (1993), S. 1295-1297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199312951
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