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Neuropeptides regulating the activity of goldfish corticotropes and melanotropes (1989)

Fryer, James N.

Springer

Fish physiology and biochemistry 7 (1989), S. 21-27

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ISSN: 1573-5168

Keywords: pro-opiomelanocortin ; corticotrope ; melanotrope ; corticotropin ; melanotropin ; pituitary ; neurosecretion ; neuropeptide ; goldfish

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The goldfish (Carassius auratus) has proven an advantageous model for investigations of the neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary hormone secretion in teleost fishes. Investigations examining the secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) from pituitary cellsin vitro have been used to identify neuropeptides influencing goldfish corticotrope and melanotrope activity. Ovine CRF, urotensin I (UI), arginine vasotocin (AVT), isotocin and angiotensins I and II stimulate the release of ACTH from corticotropesin vitro. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), oCRF, UI and neuropeptide Y stimulate the release of MSH from melanotropesin vitro. Immunocytochemical studies have revealed the presence of separate CRF- and UI-immunoreactive perikarya in the hypothalamus suggesting the existence of two structurally similar, yet distinct, hypothalamic CRF-UI-like peptides. Interactions of AVT and CRF in the regulation of ACTH secretion is suggested from studies demonstrating the co-localization of AVT- and CRF-immunoreactivities in perikarya of the preoptic-hypophyseal system. These investigations demonstrate that the secretory activity of goldfish corticotropes and melanotropes is influenced by a diversity of neuropeptides of hypothalamic origin.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004686

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Interfacial reactions between Al and RuO2, MoOx and WNx diffusion barriers on Si (1989)

Hörnström, S. E. ; Charai, A. ; Thomas, O. ; [et al.]

Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Surface and Interface Analysis 14 (1989), S. 7-12

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ISSN: 0142-2421

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Physics

Notes: The Interfacial reactions between Al and RuO2, MoOx and WNx diffusion barriers on Si (100) wafers have been studied. The diffusion barrier structures were analyzed before and after various heat treatments using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Al was found to reduce the oxides of both Ru and Mo. A 100 Å thick Al2O3 layer developed between the Al and the RuO2 films during annealing at 500°C for 30 minutes. The formation of interfacial Al2O3 efficiently prevents Al penetration but may cause a too high contact resistance for applications in contact structures of microelectronic devices. The WNx barrier was stable after annealing at 600°C for 30 minutes, if the film was exposed to air prior to Al deposition. If, instead, the Al was deposited in situ, the structure failed after annealing at 500°C due to a reaction between Al and W giving WAl12. A thin Al2O3 layer was detected between the Al and the WNx films of the air exposed sample. This layer had the effect of retarding the Al-W reaction and thereby raised the failure temperature of the barrier by at least 100°C.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.