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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic analysis of hybridoma growth and metabolism in batch and continuous suspension culture: Effect of nutrient concentration, dilution rate, and pH (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 947-965 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hybridomas are finding increased use for the production of a wide variety of monoclonal antibodies. Understanding the roles of physiological and environmental factors on the growth and metabolism of mammalian cells is a prerequisite for the development of rational scale-up procedures. An SP2/0-derived mouse hybridoma has been employed in the present work as a model system for hybridoma suspension culture. In preliminary shake flask studies to determine the effect of glucose and glutamine, it was found that the specific growth rate, the glucose and glutamine metabolic quotients, and the cumulative specific antibody production rate were independent of glucose concentration over the range commonly employed in cell cultures. Only the specific rate of glutamine uptake was found to depend on glutamine concentration. The cells were grown in continuous culture at constant pH and oxygen concentration at a variety of dilution rates. Specific substrate consumption rates and product formation rates were determined from the steady state concentrations. The specific glucose uptake rate deviated from the maintenance energy model1 at low specific growth rates, probably due to changes in the metabolic pathways of the cells. Antibody production was not growth-associated; and higher specific antibody production rates were obtained at lower specific growth rates. The effect of pH on the metabolic quotients was also determined. An optimum in viable cell concentration was obtained between pH 7.1 and 7.4. The viable cell number and viability decreased dramatically at pH 6.8. At pH 7.7 the viable cell concentration initially decreased, but then recovered to values typical of pH 7.1-7.4. Higher specific nutrient consumption rates were found at the extreme pH values; however, glucose consumption was inhibited at low pH. The pH history also influenced the behavior at a given pH. Higher antibody metabolic quotients were obtained at the extreme pH values. Together with the effect of specific growth rate, this suggests higher antibody production under environmental or nutritional stress.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320803
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-pressure - temperature bioreactor for studying pressure - temperature relationships in bacterial growth and productivity (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermophilic organisms offer many potential advantages for biotechnological processes; however, realization of the promise of thermophiles will require extensive research on bacterial thermophily and high-temperature cultivation systems. This article describes a novel bioreactor suitable for precise studies of microbial growth and productivity at temperatures up to 260°C and pressures up to 350 bar. The apparatus is versatile and corrosion resistant, and enables direct sampling of both liquids and gases from a transparent culture vessel without altering the reaction conditions. Gas recirculation through the culture can be controlled through the action of a magnetically driven pump. Initial studies in this bioreactor of Methanococcus jannaschii, an extremely thermophilic methanogen isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, revealed that increasing the pressure from 7.8 to 100 bar accelerated the production of methane and cellular protein by this archaebacterium at 90°C, and raised the maximum temperature allowing growth from 90 to 92°C. Further increases in pressure had little effect on the growth rate at 90°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310503
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Network parameters for crosslinking of chains with length and site distribution (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 1-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymer chains are crosslinked to form a network. The chains are polydispersed, with an arbitrary distribution of weight and functionality. Crosslinks may form in three different ways: direct coupling (homopolymerization), direct coupling with propagation, and coupling through copolymerization with small monomers. Various network parameters are calculated. We give computational formulae for gel point, weight fraction soluble, weight fraction pendant, weight fraction effective, concentration of effective junctions, concentration of effective network strands, and the entanglement trapping factor. These formulae give exact values for systems that previously have only been solved using simplifying approximations. Examples show that such simplification may lead to sizable errors in the computation of network parameters.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1988.090260101
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro characterization and biomechanical optimization of a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 22 (1988), S. 1071-1082 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We have developed a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement and used in vitro and in vivo methods for studying its suitability for orthopaedic applications. The composite matrix consists of gelatin, water, and sodium salicylate. The particulate phase is made up of powdered and particulate (355-600 μm diameter) tricalcium phosphate. Paraformaldehyde (0.1% to 0.5% by weight) is used as a matrix cross-linking agent. The effects of incubation time, particulate volume fraction, density of the individual particles, water content, concentration of crosslinking agent, and freeze-drying on the unconfined compressive strength and modulus of the particulate composite were measured. Compressive strengths of 7 MPa and moduli of 65 MPa could be achieved. Mechanical properties depended critically upon the water content of the particulate composite, with values of strength and modulus decreasing rapidly outside a range of 10-14% of specimen dry weight. High-density tri-calcium phosphate particulate produced cement with twice the strength found with porous particulate. In a companion study we document in vivo performance of this particulate composite in an animal model system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820221110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human monocyte/macrophage activation and interleukin 1 generation by biomedical polymers (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 22 (1988), S. 713-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In vitro cell culture techniques were used to evaluate the effect of several clinically significant biomedical polymers on monocyte activation and Interleukin 1 (IL1) production. Isolated human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in the presence of a panel of five biomedical polymers routinely used in a variety of clinical applications: Polyethylene (PE), silica-free polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), woven Dacron fabric, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and the segmented polyurethane, Biomer. Monocytes generated IL1 in the presence of all five materials. Maximal levels of IL1 were generated at 24 h in monocyte-polymer cultures supplemented with serum and additionally stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). No difference was observed due to serum source. Results from cultures supplemented with fetal bovine serum were not significantly different from those obtained with human serum supplemented cultures. The thymocyte proliferative activity generated by monocytes in the presence of these biomedical polymers was neutralized by a specific polyclonal anti-IL1 antiserum. Statistically significant differences in IL1 production were observed between polymers, allowing their classification according to reactivity into high (Dacron, PE), intermediate (ePTFE) and low (Biomer, PDMS) reactive groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820220805
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-molecule reactions observed for nitroaromatic compounds in negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 23 (1988), S. 685-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analyses of a series of nitroaromatic compounds using fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry are discussed. An interesting ion-molecule reaction leading to [M + O - H]- ions is observed in the negative ion FAB spectra. Evidence from linked-scan and collision-induced dissociation spectra proved that [M + O - H]- ions are produced by the following reaction: M + NO2- → [M + NO2]- → [M + O - H]-. These experiments also showed that M-· ions are produced in part by the exchange of an electron between M and NO2- species. All samples showed M-·, [M - H]- or both ions in their negative ion FAB spectra. Not all analytes studied showed either [M + H]+ and/or M+· in the positive ion FAB spectra. No M+· ions were observed for ions having ionization energies above ∼9 eV.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210231002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for the characterization of nitroaromatic isomers (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 23 (1988), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra of some monosubstituted nitroaromatic isomers are reported. Generally ions carresponding to [M + H]+ and M+ are observed in the positive ion FAB spectra; ions such as [M - H] - and M-· are observed in the negative ion FAB spectra. The use of FAB mass spectra to distinguish the isomers is discussed. Comparisons of FAB, chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectra of the same isomers (wherever possible) are reported. The structural information obtained in the negative ion FAB spectra complement those obtained in the positive ion FAB spectra.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210230409
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von Mangan(VII)-oxid (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 558 (1988), S. 7-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal and Molecular Structure of Manganese (VII) OxideMn2O7 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 679.56 pm, b = 1668.7 pm, c = 945.4 pm, β = 100.20°, Z = 8. The Mn2O7 molecule consists of cornersharing pairs of MnO4 tetrahedra; the bridging Mn—O—Mn angle is 120.7°. The Mn—O bond lengths are 177.0 pm (bridge), 2 × 160.0 pm and 158.5 pm in the MnO4 tetrahedron.In the crystal the Mn2O7 molecules are packed in a way to yield the arrangement of a cubic close packing for the O atoms. Formally Mn2O7 can be described as a defect-anti-type of CaF2.We compare the geometrical properties of Mn2O7 with other molecular structures with an emphasis on the difference of structure and bonding between Mn2O7 and Tc2O7.
    Notes: Mn2O7 kristallisiert monoklin mit a = 679,56 pm, b = 1668,7 pm, c = 945,4 pm, β = 100,20°, Z = 8 in der Raumgruppe P21/c. Das Mn2O7-Molekül besteht aus zwei über ein verbrückendes O-Atom verknüpften MnO4-Tetraedern; der Brückenwinkel Mn—O—Mn beträgt 120,7°. Die Bindungsabstände Mn—O sind 177,0 pm (Brücke) sowie 2 × 160,0 pm und 158,5 pm im MnO4-Tetraeder.Im festen Zustand sind die Mn2O7-Moleküle in einer Weise gepackt, daß die Anordnung der O-Atome im Kristall einer kubisch dichtesten Kugelpackung entspricht, d. h. Mn2O7 läßt sich einfach als Defekt-anti-CaF2-Typ beschreiben.Die geometrischen Eigenschaften von Mn2O7 werden anderen Molekülstrukturen gegenüber-gestellt; insbesondere werden Mn2O7 und Tc2O7 bezüglich Struktur und Bindung verglichen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885580101
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlling and monitoring interfacial reactions in composites of azidosilane modified glass filled polyethylene (1988)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 9 (1988), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Model composites of spherical glass particles dispersed in a matrix of high density polyethylene were prepared with controlled variations in the interfacial structure. Dynamic-mechanical measurements of the composites in the melt state were recorded. The physical properties are found to relate to the morphology, bonding, reactivity, and other characteristics of the interfacial region which can be controlled by the applied chemistry. The interfacial reactions can be monitored in-sity by dynamic-mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750090103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Misassignment of the strong Raman band near 1000 cm-1 in some substituted benzenes, and the Herzberg versus Wilson convention for numbering the vibrations of benzene (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 19 (1988), S. 219-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Mono, 1,3, 5-substituted benzenes (and only these) have a very strong, highly poarized Raman band at 1000±10 cm-1. It is often misassigned as the symmetrical ring breathing, whereas in fact it is derived from the benzene trigonal ring deformation v6. In the current literature the vibrations of benzene are numbered according to either the Herzberg or the Wilson scheme. A plea is made for using only one convention, and reasons are gigen for choosing Herzberg's.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250190313
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