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  • Chemical Engineering  (78)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • 1985-1989  (121)
  • 1988  (121)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 682-695 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model was developed to simulate the operation of an activated sludge system with biomass support particles. Based on the results of this simulation study, it would appear that a system with biomass particle supports offers several advantages not offered by conventional systems. These include the ability to resist failure from large hydraulic surges; stable nitrification under transient inhibitory conditions resulting from temperature changes, hydraulic surges, and/or toxic chemicals; and the ability to establish stable operating conditions with respect to both carbon oxidation and nitrification at short hydraulic retention times and low sludge ages.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 730-736 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments have been carried out for immobilizing enzyme-catalase and amyloglucosidase in controlled-pore glass particles of two different pore sizes. The experimental results have been analyzed, initial-stage analysis for the rate parameters of immobilization reactions and long-time analysis for determining the evolution of the immobilization process. These investigations suggest that the overall process of immobilization is controlled by the restricted diffusion of enzymes into the pores of the support. As a result, immobilized enzyme (IME) can penetrate only up to a certain distance into the support. The penetration depth of IME for the support-enzyme system mentioned have been evaluated from the experimental bulk enzyme concentration data in a batch recirculation reactor.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1713-1717 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1789-1802 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mass transfer in sheared, concurrent gas-liquid flows is investigated theoretically using solutions to the unaveraged advection-diffusion equation. For sufficiently thick films, the resistance to mass transfer is shown to be confined completely within a thin region in the liquid near the interface and mass transfer coefficients are accurately predicted by an improved numerical technique that uses a velocity field derived from an Orr-Sommerfeld equation with the time-varying velocity computed directly from measurements of interfacial waves. The mass transfer coefficients are shown to depend on the magnitude and frequency content of the velocity fluctuations normal to the interface. As the film thickness decreases, transfer resistance extends throughout the film and turbulent mixing in the middle of the film controls the transfer rates. For this region, limiting values of transfer coefficients are predicted well by analytical solutions to the advection-diffusion equation, which assume a laminar flow.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 669-671 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 189-194 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration can be used to remove multivalent anions or cations from aqueous streams. In the removal of chromate ions (CrO42-), the cationic surfactant hexadecylpyridinium chloride is added to the solution, and the chromate ions preferentially adsorb at the surface of the highly charged surfactant micelles. The solution is processed by ultrafiltration, using a membrane with pore sizes small enough to block the passage of the micelles and adsorbed ions. The permeate solution has a chromate concentration less than 0.1% that in the original stream. A new equilibrium model, combining the simple two-phase polyelectrolyte theory of Oosawa with thermodynamic activity, material-balance, and charge-balance equations, successfully correlates ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis results for chromate solutions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1200-1206 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The condition number of the process transfer function G(s) has been proposed and used as an indicator of the inherent controllability of a process even though it is a scale-dependent quantity. A rapid suboptimal scaling policy known as G-balancing is developed for the case of the l2 norm where the condition number is the ratio of the largest to the smallest singular value of G(s). For 2 × 2 systems, G-balancing gives the same optimal scaling as an available analytical solution. The higher order examples given compare the results of G-balancing with the known analytic results for l2 norm optimal scaling.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 9 (1988), S. 222-228 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Until recently, most high performance composites have been made with low-viscosity thermosetting polymers. These polymers are ideally suited for producing composites in low production quantities because a wide variety of custom shapes can be manufactured without a high degree of mechanization. As the demand for composites increases, there is a need to develop high-volume production techniques. Thermoplastic polymer-based composites are better suited to high-volume production than thermoset-based composites because only heat and pressure are needed to form parts; no chemical reaction is required. Thermoplastic matrix composites are not well suited for low-volume production runs because the need to handle high temperatures and pressures demands equipment that is best utilized for large production runs. In addition to processing advantages, thermoplastic matrix composites exhibit improved impact strength and chemical resistance over most thermoset-based composites. In the course of this work, composites reinforced with long and continuous glass fibers were produced that had tensile strengths as high as 270 MPa, tensile moduli of 16.2 GPa, and notched Izod impact strengths of 11.1 J/cm.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1416-1426 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The morphology of compatibilized polyolef in/polyamide blends was found to be significantly dependent on the concentration of an ionomer compatibilizer (polyethylene-methacrylic acid-isobutyl acrylate terpolymer) in the blend. For a dispersed phase content of 10% by weight, a maximum reduction in phase size was observed when only 0.5% by weight of ionomer was added to the blend, A more significant reduction of the dispersed phase size was observed when the minor phase was nylon, due to interactions which exist between the ionomer and the polyamide. These interactions have been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. At high concentrations of the ionomer, flocculation of the nylon dispersed phase was observed. In comparison to one-step mixing, blends prepared by two-step or batch mixing were characterized by a smaller dispersed phase when nylon was the matrix, and a larger particle size when nylon was the minor phase. The results observed are explained in terms of a speculative model of the interactions occurring across the nylon-polvolefin interface.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 62-70 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model was developed and evaluated as a tool for predicting the formation of soluble products from staged thermochemical treatment of lignocellulosic materials under acidic conditions typical of autohydrolysis. The model was used to predict the general trend of hemi-cellulose and cellulose hydrolysis between pH 2 and 4 and temperatures of 170-230°C, and results were compared with experimental data. When the model was evaluated for this range of temperatures and pH values, results indicated: (1) a relatively low temperature (175°C) during the first stage allows hydrolysis of the hemi-cellulose polysaccharides without significant mono-saccharide decomposition, (2) subsequent stages at higher temperatures (equal or greater than 200°C) are needed for significant cellulose hydrolysis, but glucose decomposition will also occur, and, (3) a pH in the range of 2-2.5 will enhance polysaccharide hydrolysis while limiting monosaccharide decomposition. The model's predictions, indicating that the formation of biodegradable products could be optimized using Pretreatments at pH 2-2.5 for the pH range evaluated, were confirmed in experiments with white fir as a representative lig nocellulose.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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