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  • Articles  (23)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (23)
  • 1985-1989  (23)
  • 1988  (23)
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  • Articles  (23)
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  • 1985-1989  (23)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous fusion between metastatic mammary tumor subpopulations (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 36 (1988), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hybrid cells ; metastasis ; heterogeneity ; generation of aneuploidy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: This study describes a differential frequency of spontaneous fusion between metastatic and nonmetastatic subpopulations derived from a single mouse mammary tumor. Subpopulations 66, 66cl4 (a variant of 66 which is resistant to both thioguanine and ouabain), 410.4, and 44FTO (a thioguanine-resistant, ouabain-resistant derivative of 410.4) spontaneously metastasize from subcutaneous and mammary fatpad sites. Subpopulations 168, 168FARO (a diaminopurine-resistant, ouabain-resistant derivative of 168), 67, 68H, and 410 do not. The ability of these subpopulation lines to fuse spontaneously in vitro was determined after coculturing a drug-resistant line with a wild-type line in nonselective media. After 16-20 h of coculture, cells were plated in the appropriate media to select for fusion products - either HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine) plus ouabain or AA (alanosine, adenine) plus ouabain - to determine the number of colony-forming cells (fusion products) present per 104 cells plated. When both subpopulations of the pair in the fusion mixture were metastatic, a significantly greater number of fusion products was recovered than if one or both of the subpopulations in the fusion mixture was nonmetastatic, with one exception: line 410 readily fused with both 66cl4 and 44FTO. Subline 410 was highly metastatic when originally isolated but lost its metastatic competence after a brief time in tissue culture.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240360204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advanced elastic and inelastic three-dimensional analysis of gas turbine engine structures by BEM (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 393-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary element method (BEM) has been known for some time to be extremely useful for the solution of elastic stress analysis problems involving high stress/strain gradients. In particular, the method has been extensively used for the study of both two and three-dimensional fracture mechanics problems. Recent analytical and numerical developments coupled with the general availability of greatly increased computing capacity have made both elastic and inelastic three-dimensional stress analysis feasible for complex geometries such as those found in gas turbine engine components.This paper summarizes the features of an advanced stress analysis method based on BEM for elastic and inelastic analyses of multizone or substructured three-dimensional solids. The elastic analyses involve isotropic or cross anisotropic media with thermal and centrifugal loading. The inelastic analyses include isotropic plasticity with variable hardening and kinematic plasticity with multiple yield surfaces.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260208
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical analysis of a generalized plane ‘elastica’ with non-linear material behaviour (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 617-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This article presents a numerical procedure for the analysis of a planar, continuous, flexible member. Large displacements and rotations, non-linear material behaviour and general cross sections are admitted. A shooting method is utilized along with Newton-type iteration for improved estimates. The resulting computer program is used to compare with numerical and analytical solutions of problems solved by others, and to present the solution to a problem which brings out very clearly the effects of both geometric and material non-linearities.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic analysis of hybridoma growth and metabolism in batch and continuous suspension culture: Effect of nutrient concentration, dilution rate, and pH (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 947-965 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hybridomas are finding increased use for the production of a wide variety of monoclonal antibodies. Understanding the roles of physiological and environmental factors on the growth and metabolism of mammalian cells is a prerequisite for the development of rational scale-up procedures. An SP2/0-derived mouse hybridoma has been employed in the present work as a model system for hybridoma suspension culture. In preliminary shake flask studies to determine the effect of glucose and glutamine, it was found that the specific growth rate, the glucose and glutamine metabolic quotients, and the cumulative specific antibody production rate were independent of glucose concentration over the range commonly employed in cell cultures. Only the specific rate of glutamine uptake was found to depend on glutamine concentration. The cells were grown in continuous culture at constant pH and oxygen concentration at a variety of dilution rates. Specific substrate consumption rates and product formation rates were determined from the steady state concentrations. The specific glucose uptake rate deviated from the maintenance energy model1 at low specific growth rates, probably due to changes in the metabolic pathways of the cells. Antibody production was not growth-associated; and higher specific antibody production rates were obtained at lower specific growth rates. The effect of pH on the metabolic quotients was also determined. An optimum in viable cell concentration was obtained between pH 7.1 and 7.4. The viable cell number and viability decreased dramatically at pH 6.8. At pH 7.7 the viable cell concentration initially decreased, but then recovered to values typical of pH 7.1-7.4. Higher specific nutrient consumption rates were found at the extreme pH values; however, glucose consumption was inhibited at low pH. The pH history also influenced the behavior at a given pH. Higher antibody metabolic quotients were obtained at the extreme pH values. Together with the effect of specific growth rate, this suggests higher antibody production under environmental or nutritional stress.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320803
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-pressure - temperature bioreactor for studying pressure - temperature relationships in bacterial growth and productivity (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermophilic organisms offer many potential advantages for biotechnological processes; however, realization of the promise of thermophiles will require extensive research on bacterial thermophily and high-temperature cultivation systems. This article describes a novel bioreactor suitable for precise studies of microbial growth and productivity at temperatures up to 260°C and pressures up to 350 bar. The apparatus is versatile and corrosion resistant, and enables direct sampling of both liquids and gases from a transparent culture vessel without altering the reaction conditions. Gas recirculation through the culture can be controlled through the action of a magnetically driven pump. Initial studies in this bioreactor of Methanococcus jannaschii, an extremely thermophilic methanogen isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, revealed that increasing the pressure from 7.8 to 100 bar accelerated the production of methane and cellular protein by this archaebacterium at 90°C, and raised the maximum temperature allowing growth from 90 to 92°C. Further increases in pressure had little effect on the growth rate at 90°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310503
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiration supported nitrogenase activity of isolated Rhizobium meliloti bacteroids (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 38 (1988), S. 35-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: alfalfa ; dicarboxylic acid ; energy source ; chlorpromazine ; bacteroid ; nitrogenase ; respiration ; rhizobium meliloti ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Bacteroids having a high level of respiration-supported nitrogenase activity were isolated from nitrogen-fixing alfalfa root nodules. Gentle maceration under anaerobic conditions in the presence of sodium succinate and a fatty acid scavenging agent were employed in this method.A large proportion of isolated bacteroids retained a triple membrane structure as shown by transmission electron microscopy. Dicarboxylic acids of the TCA cycle (malate, fumarate, succinate), but not glutamate or aspartate, supported sufficient respiratory activity to supply the nitrogenase system with ATP and reducing equivalents and to protect the nitrogenase system from inactivation by 4% oxygen over a period of 20-30 min. Sugars did not support nitrogenase activity in intact bacteroids. The properties of the isolated bacteroids were ascribed to minimal damage to the cytoplasmic membrane and peribacteroidal membrane during isolation.With succinate as substrate and oxygen as terminal electron acceptor, initial nitrogenase activity was determined at 4% oxygen in the gas phase of the assay system employed. At this oxygen concentration, the sustained rate of acetylene reduction by respiring bacteroids was linear up to 30 min. Bacteroid activity declined rapidly with time of exposure to oxygen above 4% in the gas phase. The optimum temperature range for this activity was 10-20°C. Nitrogenase activity was measurable at incubation tempertures below 10°C under 4% oxygen. Functionally intact bacteroids had little nitrogenase activity under anaerobic conditions in the presence of an external source of ATP and reductant. Treatment of the bacteroids with chlorpromazine eliminated respirtation-supported activity and rendered the bacteroid cell membrane permeable to external ATP. Bacteroids treated with chlorpromazine had high acetylene reducing activity with external ATP and dithionite in the absence of oxygen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240380105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Network parameters for crosslinking of chains with length and site distribution (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 1-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymer chains are crosslinked to form a network. The chains are polydispersed, with an arbitrary distribution of weight and functionality. Crosslinks may form in three different ways: direct coupling (homopolymerization), direct coupling with propagation, and coupling through copolymerization with small monomers. Various network parameters are calculated. We give computational formulae for gel point, weight fraction soluble, weight fraction pendant, weight fraction effective, concentration of effective junctions, concentration of effective network strands, and the entanglement trapping factor. These formulae give exact values for systems that previously have only been solved using simplifying approximations. Examples show that such simplification may lead to sizable errors in the computation of network parameters.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1988.090260101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro characterization and biomechanical optimization of a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 22 (1988), S. 1071-1082 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We have developed a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement and used in vitro and in vivo methods for studying its suitability for orthopaedic applications. The composite matrix consists of gelatin, water, and sodium salicylate. The particulate phase is made up of powdered and particulate (355-600 μm diameter) tricalcium phosphate. Paraformaldehyde (0.1% to 0.5% by weight) is used as a matrix cross-linking agent. The effects of incubation time, particulate volume fraction, density of the individual particles, water content, concentration of crosslinking agent, and freeze-drying on the unconfined compressive strength and modulus of the particulate composite were measured. Compressive strengths of 7 MPa and moduli of 65 MPa could be achieved. Mechanical properties depended critically upon the water content of the particulate composite, with values of strength and modulus decreasing rapidly outside a range of 10-14% of specimen dry weight. High-density tri-calcium phosphate particulate produced cement with twice the strength found with porous particulate. In a companion study we document in vivo performance of this particulate composite in an animal model system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820221110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human monocyte/macrophage activation and interleukin 1 generation by biomedical polymers (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 22 (1988), S. 713-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In vitro cell culture techniques were used to evaluate the effect of several clinically significant biomedical polymers on monocyte activation and Interleukin 1 (IL1) production. Isolated human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in the presence of a panel of five biomedical polymers routinely used in a variety of clinical applications: Polyethylene (PE), silica-free polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), woven Dacron fabric, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and the segmented polyurethane, Biomer. Monocytes generated IL1 in the presence of all five materials. Maximal levels of IL1 were generated at 24 h in monocyte-polymer cultures supplemented with serum and additionally stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). No difference was observed due to serum source. Results from cultures supplemented with fetal bovine serum were not significantly different from those obtained with human serum supplemented cultures. The thymocyte proliferative activity generated by monocytes in the presence of these biomedical polymers was neutralized by a specific polyclonal anti-IL1 antiserum. Statistically significant differences in IL1 production were observed between polymers, allowing their classification according to reactivity into high (Dacron, PE), intermediate (ePTFE) and low (Biomer, PDMS) reactive groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820220805
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of gene expression of myeloperoxidase during myeloid differentiation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 136 (1988), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a major heme enzyme involved in inflammatory responses of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Using cDNA and intron specific probes for MPO we studied the regulation of MPO expression during myeloid differentiation of the promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cell line. Mature MPO mRNA species of 3.3, 2.8 and 1.6 kb and heterogenous nuclear (hn)RNA of 〉 8 and ∼4 kb were observed in wildtype HL-60 cells. Induction of differentiation of the cells towards either granulocytes or macrophages resulted in a profound decrease (〉 95%) in the concentration of MPO mRNA levels, showing that gene expression of MPO mRNA is closely linked to the stage of development of myeloid cells. Studies using normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells confirmed these findings and showed that myeloblasts and promyelocytes contain MPO mRNA. Rate of transcription of MPO was measured by a nuclear run-on assay in wild-type and day 3- and day -4 differentiated HL-60 cells and was nearly the same in all three. In contrast, rate of transcription of c-myc in the same nuclei became almost undetectable with induction of differentiation. Overall transcription decreased by 60% and 80% on day 3 and 4 of differentiation, respectively, compared to wild-type cells. Stability of mature MPO mRNA was also measured and found to be the same in wild-type and differentiated HL-60. Half-life of MPO hnRNA was ≤ 30 min in wild-type HL-60; nevertheless, this hnRNA was easily detectable 3 days after induction of differentiation of these cells. Taken together, the results show that decreased expression of MPO mRNA with differentiation occurs in part post-transcriptionally, possibly due to a failure in RNA processing. In addition, as overall transcription decreases during differentiation, MPO transcription is concomitantly reduced. This indicates that transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms cooperate in the control of MPO gene expression.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041360203
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