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  • Lepidoptera  (15)
  • wheat  (7)
  • Springer  (22)
  • 1985-1989  (22)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
  • 1987  (22)
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  • Springer  (22)
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  • 1985-1989  (22)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; navel orangeworm ; Amyelois transitella ; pheromone mimic ; mating disruption ; Z,Z-1,12,14-heptadecatriene ; Z,Z-11,13-hexadecadienal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le Z-Z-1,12,14-heptacécatriène, qui mime l'aldéhyde Z-Z-11,13-hexadécadénial, principal composé de la phéromone de A. transitella Walker, a été essayé pour interrompre les accouplements dans la nature. Un conditionnement avec plastique stratifié a mieux dispersé le triène que la présentation en capsules de polyéthylène. Comme dans le cas des autres produits examinés précédemment, ce triène a interrompu l'attraction sexuelle (réduction du nombre de mâles capturés dans les pièges, réduction du nombre d'accouplements) de A. transitella dans les vergers d'amandiers, pendant moins longtemps que l'aldéhyde. Placé dans des pièges contenant des femelles vierges, il est efficace comme l'aldehyde pendant 5 semaines, pendant 3 semaines lorsqu'il est placé autour des pièges et pendant 13 jours quand il est utilisé dans des parcelles de 9 arbres. Des essais ultérieurs avec d'autres présentations et des quantités plus élevées de triène devraient montrer si ce produit peut être utilisé pour l'interruption des accouplements. Les analogues de phéromones ont généralement une plus grande stabilité et un coût de synthèse moins élevé que les aldéhydes.
    Notes: Abstract A novel olefinic analog, Z,Z-1,12,14-heptadecatriene, was synthesized from Z,Z-11,13-hexadecadienal, a major pheromone component of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and evaluated as a potential disruptant of mating communication in commercial almond orchards. The effectiveness of the triene as a disruptant was compared to that of the aldehyde by evaluating the reduction in captures of feral males in female-baited traps and the reduction in mating success for females. The triene was highly effective in bringing about reductions in male captures in traps in all tests relative to controls. This effectiveness lasted as long as 5 weeks in one test and was influenced by type of dispenser, release rate and proximity of dispensers to female-baited traps. In none of the tests did the triene outperform the aldehyde in reducing male captures. The results of mating success tests showed the triene to be ineffective relative to controls (26% reduction) while the aldehyde yielded 100% reductions in matings during a 6-day period.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; Cydia caryana ; sex pheromone ; electroantennogram ; flight tunnel ; behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les réponses olfactives antennaires de Cydia caryana, mesurées par électroantennogrammes (EAG), aux alcools et acétates à carbones monounsaturés en positions 12 et 14, ont montré que le système conjugué de double liaison, (E)-8-, (E)-10- du dodecadien-1-ol acétate constitue un composé chimique strutural critique de la phéromone sexuelle de C. caryana. De plus, les acétates: (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol,(Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol,(Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol, et le (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol, se sont révélés en AEG comme des composés secondaires de la phéromone. L'étude par AEG de la relation dose-réponse a conduit à l'hypothèse de deux catégories de populations de récepteurs de phéromones. L'analyse comportementale des résponses des papillons mâles dans le tunnel de vol aux composés qui ont provoqués les plus forts AEG, on fait estimer que les acétates (E,E)-8,10-dodécadien-1-ol et (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol ressemblent (ou sont) les constituants de la phéromone sexuelle de C. caryana; tandis que les (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol et (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol sont, soit des paraphéromones, soit des constituants mineurs de la phéromone. La signification biologique du (Z)-12-tétradécen-1-ol a été difficile à interprêter avec les expériences en tunnel de vol.
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram (EAG) measurement of male Cydia caryana moth antennal olfactory response to monounsaturated 12 and 14 carbon alcohols and acetates indicated that the (E)-8-, (E)-10- conjugated double bond system of a dodecadien-1-ol acetate is a critical chemical structural component of the C. caryana sex pheromone. Additionally, EAG measurements implicated (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol as potential minor pheromonal components. An EAG dosage-response study suggested that there were at least two heterologous populations of pheromone acceptors. Behavioral analysis of male moth response in a flight tunnel to compounds which evoked the stronger EAG responses suggested that (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate resemble or are C. caryana sex pheromonal components, while (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol acetate are either parapheromones or are minor pheromone components. Behavioral significance of (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol was difficult to interpret in the flight tunnel.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 271-274 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Southwestern corn borer ; Diatraea grandiosella ; Lepidoptera ; insects and fertilizer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons étudié les corrélations entre l'utilisation d'engrais azotés et phosphatés d'une part, l'infestation et l'alimentation de D. grandiosella sur maïs en champs d'autre part. Les formules d'engrais comparées étaient: pas d'engrais, 90 et 179 kg N/ha sans P, 45 et 90 kg P/ha sans N, et les combinaisons de ces deux teneurs en N et P. La contamination était plus élevée dans les lots ayant reçu de l'azote que dans ceux traités sans N, mais la présence d'azote n'a pas réduit le décapage des tiges et la verse dus à l'alimentatin larvaire. A l'inverse, les lots n'ayant reçu que du phosphore avaient des pourcentages plus faibles de tiges contaminées par D. grandiosella et ainsi décapées et versées, que ceux qui n'avaient pas reçu P. Il n'a pas eu de différences significatives dans les contaminations ou les dégats entre les lots ayant reçu différentes combinaisons de N et P, et les effets de ces combinaisons sur l'insecte étaient intermédiaires à ceux de N et P seuls.
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers have differing effects on southwestern corn borer (SWCB). Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, densities and damage to field corn, Zea mays L. Nitrogen fertilization of corn is associated with an increase in number of stalks infested and girdled by corn borers, while addition of P has the opposite effect. When combinations of N and P were applied, there were no significant differences in SWCB infestation or damage from plots receiving no fertilizer. The effect of combinations of N and P on SWCB were intermediate to either element alone.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 943-946 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; macrocyclic diesters ; monoesters ; dihydropyrrolizines ; Lepidoptera ; Danaus plexippus ; monarch butterflies ; overwintering ; asteraceae ; Boraginaceae ; ecological chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary North American populations of the monarch butterfly,Danaus plexippus, have been found to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides. Analytical methods (TLC, GC, and GC/MS) have been developed to isolate, quantitate, and structurally elucidate the alkaloids. Examples of at least two classes of pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been identified, the macrocyclic diesters, senecionine, integerrimine, and seneciphylline, and the monoesters, echinatine, intermedine, and lycopsamine.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Eastern tent caterpillar ; Malacosoma americanum ; Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae ; larva ; trail pheromone ; recruitment ; 5β-cholestane-3,24-dione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown that larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum F.) mark trails, leading from their tent to feeding sites on host trees, with a pheromone secreted from the posterior tip of the abdominal sternum. 5β-Cholestane-3,24-dione (1) has been identified as an active component of the trail. The larvae have a threshold sensitivity to the pheromone of 10−11 g/mm of trail. Several related compounds elicit the trail-following response. Two other species of tent caterpillars also responded positively to the pheromone in preliminary laboratory tests.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractant ; pheromone ; 10,12-hexadecadienal ; 10,12-hexadecadienyl acetate ; Smerinthus jamaicensis ; Smerinthus cerisyi ; Paonias exceactus ; Paonias myops ; Pachysphinx modesta ; Hemaris diffinis ; Proserpinus flavofasciata ; Hyles gallii ; Hyles euphorbiae ; Sphinx vashti ; Sphinx drupiferarum ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A field survey of 10,12-hexadecadienyl alcohols, acetates, and aldehydes showed attraction to a wide range of sphingid moths. Data are presented showing the attraction ofSmerinthus jamaicensis, Smerinthus cerisyi, Pachysphinx modesta, Hemaris diffinis, andProserpinus flavofasciata to these compounds. Mass spectral, EAG, and EAD data show evidence for the presence of these dienes in female extracts ofS. cerisyi, Hyles gallii, andSphinx drupiferarum.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 25 (1987), S. 591-602 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: trypsin inhibitor ; homoeoloci ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The aneuploids of Chinese Spring wheat have been used to locate the genes(Ti-2) coding for a novel series of trypsin inhibitors to the long arms of the homoeologous group 5 chromosomes. Three allelic variants at the 5D locus were detected in a limited survey among wheat varieties, but no variation at the loci on either chromosome 5A or chromosome 5B was detected. Homoeoloci were found in a number of alien relatives, and in the majority of cases, these were present on the group 5 homoeologue. However, inAegilops umbellulata, theTi-U2 locus was located on a chromosome presumed to belong to homoeologous group 1. NoHordeum vulgare orH. chilense Ti-2 gene was expressed in a wheat background. This new marker will be especially useful as a screening mechanism for nullisomy of chromosome 5B in work aimed at introgression of alien chromatin into wheat.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 831-839 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; honeycomb selection ; breeding methodology ; selection intensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effectiveness of the honeycomb selection method for yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was evaluated using progenies from two wheat crosses, Glenlea x NB131 and Glenlea x Era. Honeycomb selection was carried out in the F2 and F3 generations, grown at the University of Manitoba in the summers of 1980 and 1981, respectively. In both generations, divergent selection was made for both high and low yield. Plants selected in the F3 generation were entered in an F4 yield test in the summer of 1982. Results of the experiment showed that honeycomb selection for yield in the F2 and F3 generations was effective in identifying parents of high- and low-yielding lines. F3 plants from highyielding F2 selections gave higher yields than those from low-yielding F2 selections by 11.5% and 13.0% for Glenlea x NB131 and Glenlea x Era crosses, respectively. The F4 yield test showed that high yielding selections from both crosses significantly outyielded by 8.9% low yielding selections and by 14.4% the unselected composite lines. It is concluded that the honeycomb selection method can be used for early generation selection in spring wheat.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; Cochliobolus sativus ; common root rot ; subcrown internode ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The progression of common root-rot lesions on subcrown internodes of Neepawa wheat and Bonanza barley plants inoculated 14, 26, 38 and 50 days after seeding was measured in growth chamber tests. Both in wheat and barley, lesion development was more rapid in older than in younger plants. Variables such as mean daily rates of linear progression of lesions, disease ratings, and proportion of plants becoming severely diseased were higher in older than in younger plants. The possible stress resulting from the removal of the crown roots on more rapid disease development in older than in younger plants is discussed.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: amino acids ; salinity ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A lysimeter study was conducted on Cajeme wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to investigate the impact of salinity on protein and free amino acid content of the grain. Cross correlations were obtained between 16 different soil-plant-water based parameters and the concentration and total accumulation of amino acids. The results indicated that after 3 years of irrigation, the majority of protein bound and free amino acids increased in concentration in the grain. However, both free tryptophan and free proline revealed decreasing concentrations with increasing salinity. Free tryptophan showed a synergism between total accumulation, yield and concentration. Free proline concentrations decreased in association with increasing protein concentrations. Cross correlations of the 16 soil-plant-water based parameters with free and protein bound amino acids revealed significant correlations for free aspartic acid and glycine with total accumulation but not with concentrations. Only methionine plus cystine was lower than suggested FAO levels for essential amino acids and was lower in the third year than in the first year.
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