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  • GEOPHYSICS  (158)
  • Humans  (149)
  • THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
  • 1985-1989  (307)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1955-1959
  • 1987  (307)
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  • 1985-1989  (307)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
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    A DNA segment encoding two genes very tightly linked to Huntington's disease (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-13
    Description: The discovery of D4S10, an anonymous DNA marker genetically linked to Huntington's disease (HD), introduced the capacity for limited presymptomatic diagnosis in this late-onset neurodegenerative disorder and raised the hope of cloning and characterizing the defect based on its chromosomal location. Progress on both fronts has been limited by the absence of additional DNA markers closer to the HD gene. An anonymous DNA locus, D4S43, has now been found that shows extremely tight linkage to HD. Like the disease gene, D4S43 is located in the most distal region of the chromosome 4 short arm, flanked by D4S10 and the telomere. In three extended HD kindreds, D4S43 displays no recombination with HD, placing it within 0 to 1.5 centimorgans of the genetic defect. Expansion of the D4S43 region to include 108 kilobases of cloned DNA has allowed identification of eight restriction fragment length polymorphisms and at least two independent coding segments. In the absence of crossovers, these genes must be considered candidates for the site of the HD defect, although the D4S43 restriction fragment length polymorphisms do not display linkage disequilibrium with the disease gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilliam, T C -- Bucan, M -- MacDonald, M E -- Zimmer, M -- Haines, J L -- Cheng, S V -- Pohl, T M -- Meyers, R H -- Whaley, W L -- Allitto, B A -- NS16367/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS20012/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS22031/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 13;238(4829):950-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurogenetics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2890209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cosmids ; *Genes ; *Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    HTLV-I--associated B-cell CLL: indirect role for retrovirus in leukemogenesis (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-29
    Description: Serum containing antibodies to the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) has been observed at a higher than expected frequency in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in an area endemic for HTLV-I. An attempt was made to determine whether the cells from patients with this leukemia were HTLV-I antigen-committed B cells that had undergone malignant transformation. Cells from two HTLV-I seropositive Jamaican patients with CLL were fused with a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line. The hybridoma cells that resulted from the fusion of CLL cells from patient I.C. produced an immunoglobulin (IgM) that reacted with the p24 gag protein from HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and HTLV-III (now referred to as HIV), but showed preferential reactivity with HTLV-I. The specific immunoglobulin gene rearrangement (IgM, kappa) in the CLL cell was demonstrated in the hybridoma cell line, indicating that the captured immunoglobulin was from the CLL cells. The IgM secreted by the fusion of CLL cells from patient L.L. reacted only with HTLV-I-infected cells and with the HTLV-I large envelope protein (gp61) on Western blots. The CLL cells from these patients appear to be a malignant transformation of an antigen-committed B cell responding to HTLV-I infection, suggesting an indirect role for this retrovirus in leukemogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, D L -- DeSantis, P -- Mark, G -- Pfeifer, A -- Newman, M -- Gibbs, N -- Popovic, M -- Sarngadharan, M G -- Gallo, R C -- Clark, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 29;236(4805):1103-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2883731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Deltaretrovirus Infections/*complications ; HIV Antigens ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/immunology ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/etiology/*microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers for human gene mapping (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-27
    Description: A large collection of good genetic markers is needed to map the genes that cause human genetic diseases. Although nearly 400 polymorphic DNA markers for human chromosomes have been described, the majority have only two alleles and are thus uninformative for analysis of genetic linkage in many families. A few known marker systems, however, detect loci that respond to restriction enzyme cleavage by producing a fragment that can have many different lengths. This polymorphism is due to variation in the number of tandem repeats of a short DNA sequence. Because most individuals will be heterozygous at such loci, these markers will provide linkage information in almost all families. Ten oligomeric sequences derived from the tandem repeat regions of the myoglobin gene, the zeta-globin pseudogene, the insulin gene, and the X-gene region of hepatitis B virus, were used to develop a series of single-copy probes. These probes revealed new, highly polymorphic genetic loci whose allele sizes reflected variation in the number of tandem repeats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakamura, Y -- Leppert, M -- O'Connell, P -- Wolff, R -- Holm, T -- Culver, M -- Martin, C -- Fujimoto, E -- Hoff, M -- Kumlin, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 27;235(4796):1616-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3029872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human/analysis ; Cosmids ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; Genes, Viral ; Globins/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Phylogenetic relations of humans and African apes from DNA sequences in the psi eta-globin region (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-16
    Description: Sequences from the upstream and downstream flanking DNA regions of the psi eta-globin locus in Pan troglodytes (common chimpanzee), Gorilla gorilla (gorilla), and Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan, the closest living relative to Homo, Pan, and Gorilla) provided further data for evaluating the phylogenetic relations of humans and African apes. These newly sequenced orthologs [an additional 4.9 kilobase pairs (kbp) for each species] were combined with published psi eta-gene sequences and then compared to the same orthologous stretch (a continuous 7.1-kbp region) available for humans. Phylogenetic analysis of these nucleotide sequences by the parsimony method indicated (i) that human and chimpanzee are more closely related to each other than either is to gorilla and (ii) that the slowdown in the rate of sequence evolution evident in higher primates is especially pronounced in humans. These results indicate that features (for example, knuckle-walking) unique to African apes (but not to humans) are primitive and that even local molecular clocks should be applied with caution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyamoto, M M -- Slightom, J L -- Goodman, M -- R01 HL 33940/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 16;238(4825):369-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3116671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Gait ; Globins/*genetics ; Gorilla gorilla/*genetics ; Haplorhini/*genetics ; Humans ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Heavy ozone distribution in the stratosphere from far-infrared observations (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The distribution of isotopically heavy ozone in the stratosphere has been obtained from analysis of balloon-based high-resolution thermal emission spectra in the far infrared. The mixing ratio profiles of (O-16)(O-16)(O-18) and (O-16)(O-18)(O-16), retrieved from inversion of several limb sequences of a number of spectral lines in the 39-76/cm region, indicate enhancements over the expected values in the 25- to 37-km altitude range. The ratio of total heavy isotopic ozone (10-50)3 to normal (O-48)3 shows enhancements of about 45 percent at 37 km, decreasing to a minimum of about 13 percent at 29 km, and increasing to about 18 percent at 25 km. The results from this work are compared with Mauersberger's (1987) in situ mass spectrometer measurements.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 13231-13
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  • 6
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    The HITRAN database - 1986 edition (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A description and summary of the latest edition of the AFGL high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN) parameters are presented. This new database combines the information for the seven principal atmospheric absorbers and twenty-one additional molecular species previously contained on the AFGL atmospheric absorption line parameter compilation and on the trace gas compilation. In addition to updating the parameters on earlier editions of the compilation, new parameters have been added to this edition such as the self-broadened half-width, the temperature dependence of the air-broadened half-width, and the transition probability. The database contains 348,043 entries between 0 and 17,900/cm. A FORTRAN program is now furnished to allow rapid access to the molecular transitions and for the creation of customized output. A separate file of molecular cross sections of 11 heavy molecular species, applicable for qualitative simulation of transmission and emission in the atmosphere, has also been provided.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A188435 , AFGL-TR-87-0283 , Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 26; 4058-409
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  • 7
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    Strong electron heating at the earth's bow shock (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The paper reports on two sets of bow shock crossings observed by the ISEE 1 and ISEE 2 spacecraft, in which very large electron temperature increases were found. When the two sets of shocks with the large electron heating were compared with the rest of the 52 bow shock crossings of the compiled series, these sets were found to correlate with an unusually high upstream solar wind flow speed. The highest correlation was found between the amount of electron heating, expressed by the difference in temperature between the downstream and upstream electrons (rather than their ratio), and the total change in the bulk flow energy per particle across the shock. The results suggest that the appropriate quantity to consider in studies of electron heating at shocks is the temperature difference rather than the temperature ratio. The latter can be artificially elevated by low upstream temperatures.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 10119-10
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  • 8
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    Stratospheric distribution of HCN from far infrared observations (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Far infrared limb thermal emission measurements of the earth's stratosphere were made with a high resolution spectrometer on a balloon payload launched from Palestine, TX, on Oct. 5, 1982. Several limb sequences of a portion of the observed spectra have been analyzed for retrieval of the stratospheric HCN profile from a number of spectral lines in the 32 to 56 cm region. The mixing ratio profile in the 20 to 37 km altitude range has been retrieved with 2-sigma uncertainties of about 4-5 km. The HCN volume mixing ratio is found to be about 139 pptv at 20 km, 127 pptv at 25 km, and increasing to 172 pptv at 37 km. The results are compared with measurements by other groups and with photochemical model calculations reported in the literature.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 14; 531-534
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  • 9
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    Simultaneous measurement of stratospheric O3, H2O, CH4, and N2O profiles from infrared limb thermal emissions (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Thermal emission measurements of the earth's stratospheric limb were made with a cryogenically cooled high-resolution Michelson interferometer on a balloon flight launched from Palestine, TX, on Nov. 6, 1984. Infrared spectra for complete limb sequences were obtained over portions of the 700-1940/cm range with an unapodized spectral resolution of 0.03/cm for tangent heights varying from 13 to 39 km. The observed data from 1125 to 1425/cm have been analyzed for simultaneous measurement of O3, H2O, CH4, and N2O profiles. The analysis employs line-by-line and layer-by-layer radiative-transfer calculations, including curvature and refraction effects. The optimum use of geometric and spectral effects is made to obtain sharply peaked weighting functions. Contributions from stratospheric aerosol are included by measuring the light extinction within the window regions of the observed spectra. The retrieved constituent profiles are compared with measurements made with a variety of techniques by other groups. The comparison shows good agreement with the published data for all gases, indicating the capability of retrieving trace gas profiles from high-resolution thermal emission limb measurements.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 8343-835
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  • 10
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    A new probe for the diagnosis of myotonic muscular dystrophy (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-27
    Description: Myotonic muscular dystrophy (DM) is the most common muscular dystrophy, affecting adults as well as children. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is characterized by variable expressivity and late age-of-onset. Linkage studies have established the locus on chromosome 19. In order to identify tightly linked probes for diagnosis as well as to define in detail the DM gene region, chromosome 19 libraries were constructed and screened for restriction fragment length polymorphisms tightly linked to DM. A genomic clone, LDR152 (D19S19), was isolated that is tightly linked to DM; recombination fraction = 0.0 (95% confidence limits 0.0-0.03); lod score, 15.4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartlett, R J -- Pericak-Vance, M A -- Yamaoka, L -- Gilbert, J -- Herbstreith, M -- Hung, W Y -- Lee, J E -- Mohandas, T -- Bruns, G -- Laberge, C -- NS19999/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR-30/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 27;235(4796):1648-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3029876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Autoradiography ; Child ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Muscular Dystrophies/*diagnosis/genetics ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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