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  • 1
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    OH measurement near the intertropical convergence zone in the Pacific (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Airborne measurements of OH were made near the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the Pacific, and the averaged results for each data run were compared with those calculated from a photochemical model. The measured OH concentrations were found to vary along the flight path. Possible causes for the observed variations are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2020-202
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  • 2
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    Airborne intercomparison of nitric oxide measurement techniques (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results from an airborne intercomparison of techniques to measure tropospheric levels of nitric oxide (NO) are discussed. The intercomparison was part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Experiment and was conducted during missions flown in the fall of 1983 and spring of 1984. Instruments intercompared included a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) system and two chemiluminescence instruments (CL). NO mixing ratios from below 5 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) to greater than 100 pptv were reported, with the majority less than 20 pptv. Good correlation was observed between the measurements reported by the CL and LIF techniques. The general level of agreement observed for the ensemble of measurements obtained during the two missions provides the basis from which one can conclude that equally 'valid' measurements of background levels of NO can be expected from either CL or LIF instruments. At the same time the periods of disagreement that were observed between the CL and LIF instruments as well as between the two CL instruments highlight the difficulty of obtaining reliable measurements with NO mixing ratios in the 5-20 pptv range and emphasize the vigilance that should be maintained in future NO measurements.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 1995-200
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  • 3
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    Experimental studies of collision and fragmentation phenomena (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The reduction and publication of an extensive data set collected in experiments over several years at Ames and PSI is briefly examined. Hartmann has been assembling data sets from his experiments on catastrophic fragmentation of various materials, including basalt, other igneous rock, ice, and weak dirt clods. Weidenschilling and Davis have continued to gather and reduce data on oblique impacts. The data indicate a power law distribution of ejecta mass vs. velocity, with a slope that is independent of azimuth, and does not vary with impact angle from normal impacts to at least 75 deg from vertical. In order to improve models of coagulation of dust aggregates in the solar nebula, SJW developed an apparatus for drop tests of fragile projectiles. Davis and Weidenschilling continued to collect and analyze experimental data on collisional catastrophic disruption at the Ames Vertical Gun Range.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 388-390
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Upper and Middle Atmospheric Density Modeling Requirements for Spacecraft Design and Operations (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Presented and discussed are concerns with applications of neutral atmospheric density models to space vehicle engineering design and operational problems. The area of concern which the atmospheric model developers and the model users considered, involved middle atmosphere (50 to 90 km altitude) and thermospheric (above 90 km) models and their engineering application. Engineering emphasis involved areas such as orbital decay and lifetime prediction along with attitude and control studies for different types of space and reentry vehicles.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CP-2460 , M-548 , NAS 1.55:2460
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  • 5
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    Ozone precursors and ozone photochemistry over eastern North Pacific during the spring of 1984 based on the NASA GTE/CITE 1 airborne observations (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Simultaneous high-resolution measurements of O3, NO, CO, dew point temperature, and UV flux obtained during the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation (GTE/CITE 1) spring 1984 airborne field exercise over the eastern North Pacific Ocean are analyzed. Mid-tropospheric CO, O3, and NO mixing ratios averaged about 120 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), 50 ppbv, and 10 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), respectively. Statistical analysis of the high-resolution data indicates the existence of two ozone sources, one related to the downward transport of ozone-rich air from the upper troposphere and stratosphere, and the other to the transport of ozone-rich air from the continents. Modeling calculations based on these average levels imply that, from the surface to about 8 km, photochemical reactions probably supplied a net sink of ozone to the region overlying the eastern North Pacific Ocean during the sampling period. However, because the NO levels measured during the flights were frequently at or near the detection limit of the instruments and because the results are very sensitive to the absolute NO levels and their temporal variability, the conclusion must be considered provisional.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 9799-980
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  • 6
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    Ram ion scattering caused by Space Shuttle v x B induced differential charging (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Observations of secondary, high-inclination ions streams have been reported in the literature. The authors of these previous papers attributed the source of the secondary ions to a disturbed region in the plasma about 10 m from the Space Shuttle Orbiter. A new theory has been developed which shows how v x B induced differential charging on the plasma diagnostics package (PDP) can scatter the ram ion flux. Some of these ions are reflected back to the PDP and may be the sorce of the observed ion distributions. The effect is unique to large spacecraft; it occurs only when the magnitude of the induced v x B potentials are much larger than the electron thermal energy and of the order of the ion ram energy. That the ion streams observed at large angles must have been reflected from the PDP surface is demonstrated with three-dimensional sheath and particle trajectory calculations using the low earth orbit version of the NASA Charging Analyzer Program (NASCAP/LEO).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 8787-879
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  • 7
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    Free tropospheric and boundary layer measurements of NO over the central and eastern North Pacific Ocean (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Reported in this paper are the Georgia Institute of Technology NO results from the fall 1983 NASA GTE/CITE 1 Airborne Field Sampling Program. These data were predominantly collected over a geographical area defined by the eastern and central North Pacific Ocean, spanning the latitude range of 15-42 deg N. These NO measurements were taken using the two-photon laser-induced fluorescence technique. The data show a general trend of increasing levels of NO from the boundary layer up to altitudes of nearly 10 km. The average midday value of NO at altitudes of less than or equal to 1.8 km was 4 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), and at about 6 km, 20 pptv, whereas that at about 9 km was 25-35 pptv, the higher value reflecting the inclusion of NO data collected from the outflow region of two electrically active cumulonimbus clouds. The high-altitude NO data strongly suggest that at least during the time of the GTE flight operation, the major sources of NO for remote regions of the Pacific Ocean were those resulting from lightning and the downward transport of stratospheric air.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2049-207
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  • 8
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    An estimate of the NO(x) production rate in electrified clouds based on NO observations from the GTE/CITE 1 fall 1983 field operation (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: During the NASA GTE/CITE 1 fall 1983 airborne field operation the NASA Convair 990 penetrated the anvils of two active cumulonimbus clouds. While NO levels outside the anvils averaged about 20 parts per trillion per volume (pptv), the average NO inside the anvils was about 440 pptv. Extrapolation of this observation along with data on the amount of air typically advected out of cumulonimbus clouds and the total number of thunderclouds occurring over the globe at any moment, implies a rate of nitrogen fixation in electrified clouds of about 7 x 10 to the 6th trillion/yr. Although the data base used to make this estimate is quite limited, the approach differs from that used in previous studies of the global production of nitrogen oxides by lightning, and thus represents an independent assessment of the role of electrified clouds in the atmospheric nitrogen oxide budget.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2153-215
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  • 9
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    Net ozone photochemical production over the eastern and central North Pacific as inferred from GTE/CITE 1 observations during fall 1983 (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The role of photochemistry in the budget of tropospheric ozone is studied. Measurements of O3, NO, CO, H2O vapor, and temperature obtained during the fall of 1983 during the GTE/CITE project over the eastern and central North Pacific Ocean are analyzed. The effect of altitude on the measurements is discussed. The analysis reveals a correlation between ozone and NO levels; both increase in concentration and variability with altitude. It is observed that an additional source of secondary importance associated wih CO-rich air parcels exists. A photochemical model is utilized to calculate the net rate of ozone production by photochemical reactions. A net photochemical source of ozone in the free troposphere and a net sink in the boundary layer are detected. The relation between the ozone source in the free troposphere and NO is examined. It is estimated that photochemistry provides a net ozone source to the free troposphere overlying the eastern and central North Pacific Ocean of about 5 x 10 to the 10th molecules/sq cm sec and a net sink of ozone to the boundary layer overlying this region of about 3 x 10 to the 10th molecules/sq cm sec.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2131-215
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  • 10
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    A visiting scientist program in atmospheric sciences for the Goddard Space Flight Center (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A visiting scientist program was conducted in the atmospheric sciences and related areas at the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres. Research was performed in mathematical analysis as applied to computer modeling of the atmospheres; development of atmospheric modeling programs; analysis of remotely sensed atmospheric, surface, and oceanic data and its incorporation into atmospheric models; development of advanced remote sensing instrumentation; and related research areas. The specific research efforts are detailed by tasks.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-183421 , NAS 1.26:183421
    Format: application/pdf
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