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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular orientation in biaxially oriented sheets of poly(ethylene terephthalate). I. Characterization of orientation and comparison with models (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 1459-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study of molecular orientation in a series of five one-way-drawn sheets of poly(ethylene terephthalate) is reported. Five orientation averages Plmnr which characterize the benzene-ring orientation were determined directly by Raman spectroscopy. Two further averages P202r and P222r were determined from a combination of Raman spectroscopy and refractive index measurements on the basis of two different conformational models. As in a previous publication, the seven averages Plmnr were used to estimate all the Plmnr up to fourth order for the benzene rings on the assumption that in each case the actual distribution of orientations is close to the most probable distribution. The seven orientation averages Plmnr for each drawn sheet were also compared with those calculated on the basis of two simple models for the development of molecular orientation during drawing, the pseudoaffine deformation scheme and the rubber network model. It was shown that the orientation of the chain axes is closer to that predicted by the rubber network model, the pseudoaffine deformation scheme greatly overestimating the degree of chain biaxiality. The results also show that the benzene ring planes are preferentially oriented toward the planes of the sheets. The chain axis orientation is, however, nearly uniaxial and similar to that observed for uniaxially drawn samples, suggesting that there is no direct connection between the processes of chain axis orientation and preferential orientation of the benzene-ring planes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1986.090240706
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular orientation in biaxially oriented sheets of poly(ethylene terephthalate) II. Correlation of orientation averages with measured mechanical compliances (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 1481-1492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The aggregate model is extended to examine the relationship between mechanical anisotropy and molecular orientation in one-way drawn sheets of poly(ethylene terephthalate). It is assumed that both the aggregate and the unit of structure have orthorhombic symmetry. On the basis of a number of detailed assumptions regarding the appropriate application of the model, calculated bounds are obtained for the elastic constants that are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. The implications of these results with regard to molecular orientation are considered, and it is concluded that both the chain orientation and orientation around the chain axis are important in determining the mechanical anisotropy.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1986.090240707
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyphenylquinoxaline-amide-imides (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 144 (1986), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neue thermostabile heterocyclische Polymere, die phenylsubstituierte Chinoxaline sowie Amid- und Imidstruktureinheiten enthalten, wurden durch Polykondensation in Lösung bei niedriger Temperatur aus Diaminophenylchinoxalinen und Disäurechloriden verschiedener aromatischer Carbonsäuren, die Imidgruppen enthielten, hergestellt. Sowohl die thermische Stabilität als auch die elektrischen Eigenschaften dieser Polyphenylchinoxalin-Amid-Imide werden diskutiert.
    Notes: New thermostable heterocyclic polymers containing phenylsubstituted quinoxaline and both amide and imide units have been synthesized by low temperature solution polycondensation of diaminophenylquinoxalines with diacid chlorides of certain aromatic acids containing preformed imide rings. The thermal stability as well as electrical properties of these polyphenylquinoxaline-amide-imides are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1986.051440110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of cryostructurization of polymer systems. VI. The influence of the process temperature on the dynamics of formation and structure of cross-linked polyacrylamide cryogelsPart V.: see [3] (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 142-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß der Temperatur bei der Herstellung von vernetzten Polyacrylamid-Cryogelen auf die Bildungskinetik und die Eigenschaften der Cryogele wird untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, daß bei dem untersuchten System die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gelierungsgeschwindigkeit und der Gelausbeute im Bereich von -10°C bis -30°C einen Extermal-charakter hat. Die Temperatur der Cryostrukturierung hat einen deutlichen Einfluß auf die Makrostruktur der porösen Polymergele. Dies wird durch Scanning-Elektronenmikroskopie und die Untersuchung der hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften der Cryogele bestätigt.
    Notes: The influence of the temperature of preparation of cross-linked polyacrylamide cryogels on the dynamics of their formation and on the properties of the materials formed was investigated. It was shown that for the given system dependences of gelation rate and gel-fraction yield upon temperature within the range -10°C to -30°C are of extremal character. The temperature of cryostructurization markedly influences the macrostructure of the porous polymeric gel. This is verified by the data obtained by scanning electron microscopy and by the hydrodynamic properties of the cryogels.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the effects of biological environment on the properties of poly-bis-(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene (r) (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß des Blutserums in vitro 16 Monate bei 40°C auf die Eigenschaften von Poly-bis-(trifluorethoxy)phosphazen-Filmen mit 0,16 Mol-% anomalen Kettengliedern mit unsubstituierten P - Cl-Gruppen und [η] = 4,00 dl/g in Aceton wird untersucht. Unter diesen Bedingungen ist das Polymer gegen biologischen Abbau beständig. Die Abnahme von [η] im Laufe der ersten drei Monate um 25% beeinflußt die Festigkeitseigenschaften der Filme praktisch nicht und kann durch hydrolytischen Abbau an den anomalen Gliedern erklärt werden. Die Kristallisation des Polymers während des medizinisch-biologischen Versuchs beeinflußt das mechanische Verhalten der Filme.
    Notes: The effect of blood serum in vitro during 16 month at 40°C on the properties of poly-bis-(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene films containing 0.16 mole-% anomalous units of unsubstituted P - Cl-groups in the chain and being characterized by [η] = 4.00 dl/g in acetone has been investigated. Under these conditions the polymer shows biological resistance. The decrease in [η] to 75% of the original value during the first three months exerts actually no effect on the strength of the films and can be explained by hydrolytic degradation of the anomalous units of the chain. The crystallization of the polymer during medical-biological tests affects the mechanical properties of the films.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerisation von Acrylnitril mittels lebender Acrylatketten (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 381-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Living methyl- and butylacrylate chains obtained by means of t-BuOLi in DMF were used as initiators of the polymerization of acrylonitrile. The formation of blockcopolymers was established.
    Notes: Mittels t-BuOLi in DMF hergestellte lebende Methyl- und Butylacrylatketten wurden als Initiatoren der Acrylnitril-polymerisation eingesetzt. Die Bildung von Blockcopolymeren wurde festgestellt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370613
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die chemische und morphologische Struktur von durch thermische Festkörperpolykondensation synthetisierten Polyheteroarylenen (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The synthesis of poly(benzimidazole)s and poly(phenylchinoxaline)s in the absence of solvents at temperatures below the melting point of the monomers has been investigated. The formation of the morphology of the polymers during polycondensation proceeding by gas-solid reactions has been investigated by electron microscopy. The pecularities of the thermal post-polycondensation at temperatures above the softening temperature were determined.
    Notes: Die lösungsmittelfreie Synthese von Polybenzimidazolen und Polyphenylchinoxalinen bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Monomere wird untersucht. Die Herausbildung der Morphologie der Polymerphase bei der als Gas-Festkörper-Reaktion ablaufenden Polykondensation wurde elektronenmikroskopisch verfolgt. Die Gesetzmäßigkeiten der thermischen Nachkondensation dieser Polymere bei Temperaturen oberhalb der Erweichungstemperatur wurden untersucht.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370507
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibria in Cu(CH3CO2)2-pyridine-water system. Spectrophotometric, conductometric, and EPR study of the Cu(CH3CO2)2-pyridine-water system (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 537 (1986), S. 198-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Gleichgewichte im Cu(CH3CO2)2-Pyridin-Wasser-System. Photometrische, konduktometrische und EPR-Untersuchungen im System Cu(CH3CO2)2-Pyridin-WasserElektronenspektren (340 bis 800 nm), EPR-Spektren von flüssigen und eingefrorenen Lösungen (77 K) sowie die Leitfähigkeit (bei 298,2 K) wurden für Cu(CH3CO2)2 im gesamten Mischungsbereich für Pyridin-Wasser-Mischungen gemessen. Die Ergebnisse werden auf Grund möglicher Koordinationsgleichgewichte in der Lösung interpretiert. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen eine starke Tendenz der CuII-Ionen zur Anlagerung von Pyridinmolekülen in wäßrigen Lösungen wie bei anderen CuII-Salzen. Schon kleine Pyridingehalte in der Lösung vermindern die elektrolytische Dissoziation von Cu(CH3COO)2 in wäßriger Lösung.
    Notes: Electronic spectra (340-800 nm; 298.2 K), liquid (298.2 K) and frozen solution (77 K) EPR spectra and electrolytic conductivities (298.2 K) have been measured for Cu(CH3CO2)2 over the whole range of compositions of the mixed pyridine-water solvent. The results have been interpreted in terms of the possible coordination equilibria in the solution. They support the strong tendency of the CuII ion to coordinate pyridine molecules in aqueous solutions, revealed by other CuII salts. Even small amounts of pyridine were found to withdraw the electrolytic dissociation of the aqueous Cu(CH3CO2)2 solutions, probably, through the enhancement of the CuII ion interactions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19865370621
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereochemistry of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. IVFor Part III, see Ref. 1. - 1H and 13C NMR spectra, ASIS effects, nitrogen inversion, configuration and conformations of substituted tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines (1986)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 24 (1986), S. 480-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 50 methyl- and phenyl-substituted tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines are presented and discussed. Conformational analysis based on the model of atom-atom interactions in 3,5-dimethyltetra-hydro-1,3-oxazine shows that the free energy difference between the chair and twist forms is 21 kJ mol-1. The distortion of the ring, which adopts a chair conformation, is analysed by the R value method and by the ASIS effect. The use of geminal 2J(HH′) values in the heteroatomic moieties as a criterion of the ring conformation has been demonstrated. The equilibrium and activation parameters of the heterocycle and nitrogen inversion have been determined. A good correlation between the predicted and experimental chemical shift values, δc, has been obtained, and this is shown to depend on the spatial structure of the substituted tetrahydro-1,3-oxazine molecule; moreover, the influence of intermolecular associations on δc has been demonstrated. Conformational preferences and some peculiarities in the chemical shifts are explained in terms of interactions with the endocyclic β-oxygen atom and the N-methyl group.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260240603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1H, 13C and 31P NMR studies of the stereochemistry of chiral (4R, 6R)-2-substituted-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes (1986)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 24 (1986), S. 890-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 1H ; 13C and 31P NMR spectra ; chiral P-substituted 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes ; conformational analysis ; spin simulation ; double resonance ; 2D-J experiments ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C, 1H and 31P NMR investigations have been carried out to determine the ring stereochemistry and phosphorus configuration for four chiral (4R, 6R)-2-substituted-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane derivatives 1-4 (2-substituent = Cl, Ph, OMe and O-t-Bu, respectively). 1H NMR spectra, double resonance, 2D-J experiments and spin simulation proved the chair character of the ring. Depending on the position of R, two diastereomers may exist, but in most cases only one predominating form was detected. Dynamic processes were observed for 1 and 2. Saturation transfer experiments proved the existence of ring and/or phosphorus inversions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260241009
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