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  • GEOPHYSICS  (186)
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (61)
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE  (57)
  • 1985-1989  (304)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1986  (304)
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Keywords
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  • 1985-1989  (304)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
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    Separated flow (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A brief overview of flow separation phenomena is provided. Langley has many active research programs in flow separation related areas. Three cases are presented which describe specific examples of flow separation research. In each example, a description of the fundamental fluid physics and the complexity of the flow field is presented along with a method of either reducing or controlling the extent of separation. The following examples are discussed: flow over a smooth surface with an adverse pressure gradient; flow over a surface with a geometric discontinuity; and flow with shock-boundary layer interactions. These results will show that improvements are being made in the understanding of flow separation and its control.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Langley Symposium on Aerodynamics, Volume 1; p 361-374
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Statistical study of enhanced ion fluxes in the outer plasmasphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: DE-1 measurements of ion outflows at E = 5 eV to 32 keV in the Northern Hemisphere outer plasmasphere are compiled in graphs and investigated statistically. The data comprise 40 dayside (6:00-12:00 magnetic local time) and 50 nightside (18:00-23:00) passages at magnetic activities Kp = 0-7 and include six magnetic storms and recoveries as well as quiet periods. Features noted include enhanced number fluxes during periods of increased magnetic activity, upward dayside and downward nightside flows, peak net H(+) fluxes greater than 10 to the 8th/sq cm sec, and greater field-aligned flows (but at lower ion temperatures) in the outer plasmasphere than in the plasma trough.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Waves generated during electron beam emissions from the Space Shuttle (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Observations from the SEPAC (Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators) experiment on Spacelab 1 Shuttle mission of waves generated during electron beam emissions are presented. The dependence of the wave intensity on the beam parameters and the Shuttle attitude is outlined, and the shape of the wave spectra are discussed. It is found that the noise in the 0.75- to 10 kHz band has a spectral shape that can be characterized by an f exp -n law, and that the VLF signal level depends on the beam angle to the magnetic field, the strongest emissions being observed for parallel beams. These features are found to be consistent with a drift wave instability.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 11321-11
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Plasma boundaries in the inner magnetosphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Based principally on data collected aboard the DE 1 and 2 spacecraft during the October 7 to December 1, 1981 period, plasma boundaries in the inner magnetosphere are studied. Results indicate that in the evening sector, the low-energy ion transition and the 100-eV inner edge of the electron plasma sheet are coincident with each other, with the field lines threading the 100-eV equatorward edge of the auroral electron precipitation, and with variations in magnetic activity. A characteristic energy dispersion, observed in the plasma sheet inner edges at 100 eV, 1 keV and 10 keV, with the lower energy boundaries located earthward of the higher energy boundaries, is shown to increase from the midnight sector toward dusk, and to decrease with increasing magnetic activity. In the evening sector, these boundaries are shown to be accurate signatures of the boundary between closed and open convection trajectories, and the characteristic electron energy sheet dispersion is found to be similarly governed by the convection pattern such that the inner edges may be seen as the Alfven layers at those energies.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 8861-888
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Interaction of upgoing auroral H(+) and O(+) beams (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Data from the S3-3 and DE 1 satellites are analyzed to study the interaction between H(+) and O(+) ions in upgoing auroral beams. Every data set analyzed showed some evidence of an interaction. The measured plasma was found to be unstable to a low-frequency electrostatic wave that propagates at an oblique angle to vector-B(0). A second wave, which can propagate parallel to vector-B(0), is weakly damped in the plasma studied in most detail. It is likely that the upgoing ion beams generate this parallel wave at lower altitudes. The resulting wave-particle interactions qualitatively can explain most of the features observed in ion distribution functions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 10080-10
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  • 6
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    ERBE data inversion (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Instruments on board the (presently two) satellites of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are collecting data for determining monthly averaged radiation exitances at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). To achieve the accuracy desired of the mission, radiances at the satellite are first calculated, with allowance made of sensor optical properties and the directionality of the TOA radiation field. The subsatellite surface type is classified to adjust for albedo changes and correction values are added for the types of cloud cover detected.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Inversion methods for satellite studies of the Earth Radiation Budget - Development of algorithms for the ERBE mission (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment carries a three-channel scanning radiometer and a set of nadir-looking wide and medium field-of-view instruments for measuring the radiation emitted from earth and the solar radiation reflected from earth. This paper describes the algorithms which are used to compute the radiant exitances at a reference level ('top of the atmosphere') from these measurements. Methods used to analyze data from previous radiation budget experiments are reviewed, and the rationale for the present algorithms is developed. The scanner data are converted to radiances by use of spectral factors, which account for imperfect spectral response of the optics. These radiances are converted to radiant exitances at the reference level by use of directional models, which account for anisotropy of the radiation as it leaves the earth. The spectral factors and directional models are selected on the basis of the scene, which is identified on the basis of the location and the long-wave and shortwave radiances. These individual results are averaged over 2.5 x 2.5 deg regions. Data from the wide and medium field-of-view instruments are analyzed by use of the traditional shape factor method and also by use of a numerical filter, which permits resolution enhancement along the orbit track.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics (ISSN 8755-1209); 24; 407-421
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  • 8
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    Observations of the diurnal variation of nitrogen dioxide in the stratosphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations of NO2 from the limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere (LIMS) experiment in high-latitude summer are presented. Appropriate selection of latitude and days during the month of May yields NO2 observations obtained during the afternoon and evening at solar zenith angles ranging from about 35-110 deg. These data show that the NO2 abundances in the stratosphere become strongly dependent on the solar zenith angle for angles exceeding about 80 deg. Model calculations and other observations suggest that from about 80-95 deg this dependence probably reflects variations in the propagation of the visible radiation that photodissociates NO2. The data obtained at zenith angles greater than about 95 deg provide clear evidence for the night decay of NO2 to form N2O5, and the observed decay rate is shown to be consistent with present theory.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 5455-546
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Some characteristic differences in the earth's radiation budget over land and ocean derived from the Nimbus-7 ERB experiment (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Broad spectral band data derived from the Nimbus-7 Earth Radiation Budget experiment are analyzed for the top-of-the-atmosphere noon vs. midnight variations in the exitant longwave flux density, spectral variations in the regional albedos, and differences in land and ocean net radiation budgets. The data were studied for a year (June 1979 to May 1980) on a global scale and for five selected study areas. The annual global total, near-UV visible, and near-IR albedo values, obtained were 30.2, 34.6, and 25.9, respectively, with marked differences in behavior between oceanic and continental regions. Over the continents, clouds and snow sharply decreased the near-IR albedo. The over-the-continent noon-emitted flux density averages were 15-25 W/sq m larger than the midnight values, with large regional and seasonal variations. Over the oceans, the average noon and midnight outgoing longwave-flux densities were nearly identical, with regional aqnd seasonal differences of several watts per square meter.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 25; 958-981
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  • 10
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    First data from the earth radiation budget experiment (ERBE) (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The first data obtained from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are presented. These data include emitted infrared radiation, albedo, and estimated scene types for Nov. 15, 1984, as well as measurements of the 'solar constant'. Images from the GOES on the same day are included for comparison with the ERBE scene identification. On an instantaneous basis, clouds appear colder and more reflective than seems to have been noted before. The experiment data will be applied to several key studies of cloud-radiation-climate interactions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: American Meteorological Society, Bulletin (ISSN 0003-0007); 67; 818-824
    Format: text
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