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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor liquid equilibrium behavior of aqueous ethanol solution during vacuum coupled simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 972-976 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The data on ethanol-water vapor-liquid equilibrium in the presence of cellulase enzyme, nutrients, yeast, and rice straw indicated a substantial increase in ethanol concentration in vapor phase at reduced pressures. Maximum relative volatility of ethanol in the presence of added components is approximately twice that of a pure ethanol-water system. The equation correlating the activity coefficient and ethanol concentration in the liquid phase adequately represents the equilibrium behavior.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280707
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the polymerization of methyl methacrylate using ylide as an initiator and degradative transfer agent (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 141 (1986), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die mit α-Picolinium-p-chlorphenacylid initiierte Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff bei 30, 35 und 40°C und einer Dauer von vier Stunden wurde dilatometrisch untersucht. Die Reaktionsordnungen im Hinblick auf die Konzentration von Ylid und Methylmethacrylat liegen bei 0,22 ± 0,1 bzw. 1,0. Die gesamte Aktivierungsenergie und der mittlere Wert von kp2/kt beträgt 21 kJ · mol-1 bzw. 0,37 · 10-2.Die Ergebnisse wurden als radikalische Polymerisation mit einer initiatorabhängigen Übertragung und einem bimolekularen Abbruch erklärt.
    Notes: The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by α-picolinium-p-chlorophenacylide in CCl4 at 30, 35, and 40°C for four h was investigated dilatometrically. The orders of reaction with respect to the concentrations of ylide and MMA are 0.22 ± 0.01 and 1.0, respectively. The overall energy of activation and an average value of kp2/kt are 21.0 kJmol-1 and 0.37 ± 10-2, respectively. The results are explained in terms of radical mode of polymerization with initiator dependent transfer besides bimolecular termination.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1986.051410111
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of forming conditions and sensitization on temperature dependence of d. c. conductivity of cellulose acetate (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 634-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gleichstromleitfähigkeit von unterschiedlich thermisch vorbehandelten Celluloseacetatfilmen wurde untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden mit elektrothermographischen Parametern, wie der Ladungsaufnahme und dem Ladungsrückhaltevermögen, korreliert. Weiterhin wurde der Einfluß einer Sensibilisierung des Polymers mit Leucomalachitgrün auf die Leitfähigkeit ermittelt.
    Notes: Studies on the temperature dependence of d.c. conductivity of cellulose acetate films with different thermal treatment were carried out. The results were correlated with electrothermographic parameters like charge acceptance and retentivity. Further the effect of sensitization with leucomalachite green on the conductivity of the polymer was investigated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010371008
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Kristallstrukturuntersuchungen einiger Biureto(thio)phosphate (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 540 (1986), S. 307-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure Investigations of Some Biureto(thio) phosphatesThe oxidation of ammonium biuretodithiophosphate 1 (NH4 - BDP) results the ammonium biuretomonothiophosphate hydrate 2 (NH4 - BMP · H2O) and the ammonium biuretooxophosphate 3 (NH4 - BOP). In a more convenient way 2 can be obtained by the reaction of 1 with methyl chloroacetate in aqueous NH4HCO3.The sodium and potassium salts or their hydrates are prepared from the ammonium salt via the free biureto(thio)phosphoric acids. The hydrates K - BDP · H2O, NH4 - BMP · H2O, Na - BMP · 2 H2O, and K - BMP · H2O, respectively, can be Dehydrated without decomposition of the cyclic anion.The results of crystal structure investigations of K - BDP · H2O, K - BMP · H2O and NH4 - BOP are reported. The two potassium salts are closely related in their structures.
    Notes: Bei der Oxydation von Ammonium-biuretodithiophosphat 1 (NH4 - BDP) entstehen Ammonium-biuretomonothiophosphat-Hydrat 2 (NH4 - BMP · H2O) und Ammonium-biuretooxophosphat 3 (NH4 - BOP). Die Darstellung Von 2 gelingt einfacher durch Hydrolyse des Biuretothiophosphoryl-mercaptoessigsäuremethylesters in wäßriger NH4HCO3-Lösung. Aus den Ammoniumsalzen werden die Natrium- und Kaliumverbindungen bzw. deren Hydrate über die freien Säuren hergestellt. Die Hydrate K - BDP · H2O, NH4 - BMP · H2O, Na - BMP · 2 H2O und K - BMP · H2O lassen sich ohne Zersetzung des cyclischen Anions entwässern.Die Ergebnisse der Kristallstrukturuntersuchungen an K - BDP · H2O, K - BMP · H2O und NH4 - BOP werden vorgestellt. Die beiden Kaliumsalze erweisen sich als eng verwandt in ihrer Struktur.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19865400934
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of phenylthio substituted amines for the synthesis of pyrrolidines (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 813-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Anwendung von Phenylthio-substituierten Aminen zur Synthese von Pyrrolidinenα-Phenylthio-substituierte Amine stellen leicht zugängliche Reagenzien zur Darstellung von Pyrrolidinringen dar. Benzyl[(phenylthio)methyl][(trimethylsilyl)methyl]amin (2) reagiert mit Dipolarophilen in Gegenwart von Silberfluorid unter Bildung von Pyrrolidinen, wobei wahrscheinlich eine Azomethinylid-Zwischenstufe durchlaufen wird. Die Behandlung der α-(Phenylthio)cyanamine 10 und 17 mit einer starken Base führt zum Verlust der (Phenylthio)gruppe, bei 17 unter Bildung substituierter trans-Piperazine 21, 22. Vermutlich kommt es zur Dimerisierung der ursprünglich gebildeten Cyan-substituierten Azomethinylid-Zwischenstufe über ein capto-dativ stabilisiertes Diradikal. Schließlich wurde die Reaktion einiger Alkenyl[(phenylthio)methyl]amine mit Tributylzinnhydrid als Darstellungsmethode für Pyrrolidinringsysteme durch radikalische Cyclisierung untersucht.
    Notes: α-Phenylthio substituted amines [2, 10, 17, 26, and 39] have been found to be convenient reagents for the preparation of the pyrrolidine ring. Benzyl[(phenylthio)methyl][(trimethylsilyl)methyl]amine (2) undergoes 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with several dipolarophiles in the presence of silver fluoride. The reaction is believed to proceed via the intermediacy of an azomethine ylide. Treatment of α-(phenylthio)cyanoamines 10 and 17 with strong base results in the loss of the phenylthio group, and formation of substituted trans-piperazines 21, 22 in the case of 17. The mechanism of the reaction involves dimerization of the initially formed cyano substituted azomethine ylide intermediate, which behaves as a captodative diradical. Finally, the reaction of several alkenyl[(phenylthio)methyl]amines with tributyltin hydride was studied as a method for generating the pyrrolidine ring via a radical cyclization reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19861190305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of a Versatile Prostaglandin Intermediate by Ozonization of endo-cis-Bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-olDedicated to Prof. Dr. habil. Helmut Dorn on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 328 (1986), S. 430-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ozonization of endo-cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-ol (1) in methanol followed by reduction with dimethyl sulfide in the presence of traces of an acid yields in a one-pot procedure an anomeric mixture of 3-exo-methoxy- and 3-endo-methoxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-6-endo-carbaldehyde (3a and 3b) in a ratio of 9:1. This mixture is converted by base catalyzed epimerization in an overall yield of about 65% into a mixture of the anomeric 6-exo-aldehydes 5a and 5b, a versatile starting material for the synthesis of prostaglandins of the PG2-type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19863280319
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Interpretation relativer Bildungskonstanten von Komplexen mit Lanthanoiden NMR-Verschiebungsreagenzien (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 328 (1986), S. 156-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Interpretation of Relative Binding Constants of Complexes with Lanthanide N.M.R. Shift ReagentsThe determination of relative complex binding constants of lanthanide n.m.r. shift reagents (LSR) with organic molecules are based on the assumption that in all cases 1:1 complexes exist. A new interpretation of relative binding constants is given which is applicable also to 1:2 complexes. The new defined constant K* describes the relative tendency of the substrate under consideration to form LSR complexes.Using this method it is shown that Eu(fod)3 and Pr(fod)3 form other complexes than that of the 1 : 1 type.The K* of benzaldehyde-LSR complexes correlate linearly with the Hammett substituent parameters.The occurrence of other than 1:1 associates in the complex formation of para-substituted benzaldehydes with Eu(fod)3 and Pr(fod)3, respectively, could be shown; so we used the new model for these systems. The lg K* of the benzaldehydes in its reaction with the mentioned LSR, as well as with Eu(dpm)3, correlate linearly to the Hammett parameter of the para-substituents.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19863280203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly-1-hexene, synthesis and solubility in dense carbon dioxide (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 3775-3781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Several poly-1-hexene samples were prepared using different Ziegler-Natta catalysts, and their solubilities in dense carbon dioxide (CO2) were studied. Despite the varied molecular weight distributions (MWD) in the polymers, a surprising correlation was found between intrinsic viscosity and dense CO2 solubility. Due to the ability of dense CO2 to extract low-molecular weight fractions preferentially, it is recommended that narrow MWD polymers be used, as far as possible, for dense CO2 solubility determinations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320232
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cryoground rubber on properties of NR (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4063-4074 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of cryoground rubber (CGR) on the curing characteristics, physical properties, network structure, and failure behavior of natural rubber (NR) has been investigated. CGR was added at two different levels of curatives and in two different ways (i) in powder form and (ii) in mill-sheeted form (obtained by mechanical treatment of CGR in a two-roll mill). The form of CGR and level of curatives affect the processing characteristics and technical properties of CGR-NR blends. The acetone extractables in the CGR were found to affect the curing characteristics, but no significant effect on the physical properties was observed. Model mixes were prepared by adding partially vulcanized NR compound in the matrix of the same compound. A three-layer model was set up to study the diffusion of sulfur from the NR matrix phase to the CGR phase. Scanning electron microscope studies of the fractured surface revealed that the mechanical treatment of CGR effects improved adhesion of CGR to NR matrix and the compatibility between the two phases. CGR acts as an inert filler in NR.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320322
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomers from polypropylene-natural rubber blend (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 5509-5521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomers from polypropylene natural rubber blends have been evaluated with special reference to the effect of blend ratio and extent of dynamic crosslinking of the elastomer phase. The effects of HAF black and silica fillers have also been studied. It has been found that increasing the proportion of elastomer phase reduced the storage modulus and increased the loss tangent values of the blends. The effect of dynamic crosslinking was found to be more prominent in blends containing higher proportion of elastomer phase. The improvement in storage modulus and decrease in loss tangent values were quite remarkable with increase in extent of crosslinking in these blends. The 70:30 NR:PP blend was found to exist as a two-phase system, both the components forming continuous phases of the blend.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320619
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