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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3118-3118 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Materials exhibiting strong Faraday rotation are of interest for components in laser systems. These include optical isolators, circulars, modulators, and switches in sizes ranging from microdevices for integrated optics to 30-cm-diam rotators for Nd:glass lasers used in inertial confinement fusion research. Properties of diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, dilute magnetic semiconductors and free carrier rotators have been evaluated for various laser applications and for operation in the spectral range from the infrared to the ultraviolet and at various temperatures. Both crystalline and amorphous materials are considered; forms include bulk materials, fibers, and thin films. The characteristics of selected materials, including bismuth-substituted rare-earth iron garnets, Cd1−xMnxTe, and rare-earth doped glasses and crystals, are discussed. Relative figures of merit based on specific rotation, losses, cost, and special properties such as the nonlinear refractive index are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 6898-6910 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title reaction is studied using guided ion beam mass spectrometry. Absolute reaction cross sections are measured as a function of kinetic energy from thermal to 40 eV, and three endothermic product channels are observed. The dominant SiF++SiF3 channel is only slightly endothermic, while the SiF+3 +SiF and SiF+2 +SiF2 channels have much higher thresholds. The SiF+3 cross section magnitude is about half that of SiF+, while the SiF+2 cross section is an order of magnitude smaller than that of SiF+. A second feature which appears in the SiF+2 cross section is due to dissociation of SiF+3 . There is evidence that SiF+ and SiF+3 are produced via a direct mechanism. Competition between these two channels is interpreted in terms of molecular orbital correlations and qualitative potential energy surfaces. One surface is found to correlate only with the SiF+3 +SiF channel, while another correlates diabatically with this channel and adiabatically with the SiF++SiF3 channel. Competition on this latter surface has an energy dependence which is consistent with the Landau–Zener model. Reaction thresholds are analyzed to yield 298 K heats of formation for SiFx and SiF+x species. From an evaluation of these and literature values, we recommend the following values: ΔH0f(SiF+) =170.4±2.2 kcal/mol, IP(SiF)=7.54±0.16 eV, ΔH0f (SiF3)=−258±3 kcal/mol, and IP(SiF3)=9.99±0.24 eV.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 16 (1988), S. 149-160 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Utility theory ; utility function assessment ; bias ; incomplete information
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The procedure UFAP is presented which allows a decision maker to interactively assess his von Neumann/Morgenstern single attribute utility function. UFAP puts special emphasis on potential biases in the assessment process. In the first part of the procedure three different assessment methods are used to derive ranges for the utility function. Using different methods enables us to point out a possible bias in the elicitation process. In the second part a consistent class of utility functions is derived based on the ranges assessed in the first part. In case inconsistencies between methods arise the decision maker has to reconsider selected preference statements previously given.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 175 (1988), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Calcium (chlorotetrcycline fluorescence) ; Ceratodon ; Monensin ; Phototropism (moss) ; Phytochrome (moss) ; Protonema (moss) ; Tip growth (moss protonema)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A phytochrome-regulated phototropic response of the moss Ceratodon purpureus was investigated. Chlorotetracycline (CTC) was used to visualize membrane-associated calcium gradients in the tip cell of moss caulonemal filaments. A tip-to-base Ca2+ gradient was observed. The ionophore monensin rapidly inhibited the growth of the tip cell and abolished the CTC fluorescence. Six hours after transferring to inhibitor-free medium, protonemal growth resumed and reached the normal growth rate within 12 h. The growth was accompanied by a reappearance of the CTC-fluorescence gradient. Unilateral irradiation given during the monensin treatment or after the treatment during the period when growth inhibition persisted led, with the re-initiation of growth, to a typical positive phototropic bending in complete darkness. Far-red light applied just before the growth response started, or during growth inhibition, abolished the phototropic response. The phytochrome-mediated signal was qualitatively (position) and quantitatively (degree of bending) memorized. Signal perception and response could be separated temporally. This result indicates that at least under some circumstances, e.g. under the influence of monensin, the phytochrome-mediated signal can be stored for several hours in darkness. Calcium seems to be essential for the processing of polar growth only. A specific function (second messenger) in phytochrome-dependent signal transduction could not be confirmed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 320 (1985), S. 445-450 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird erstmals eine neue Kombination von Ionen-Chromatographie und Ionenausschluß-Chromatographie vorgeschlagen, die dazu dient, Interferenzen bei der ionen-chromatographischen Fluoridbestimmung zu vermeiden und eine simultane Analyse einiger ausgewählter organischer Säuren zu ermöglichen. In dieser instrumentellen Anordnung werden die in der konventionellen Zwei-Säulen-Chromatographie (Ionenaustauschtrennsäule und Hohlfasersuppressor) nicht aufgetrennten Peaks schwacher Säuren an einer nachgeschaltenen Ionenausschlußsäule weiter aufgetrennt. Als Eluent dient die durch die Konvertierung des Carbonateluenten in der Suppressorreaktion entstandene Kohlensäure. Dieses System gestattet die automatische und simultane Bestimmung von Anionen schwacher und starker Säuren, wie F−, HCOO−, CH3COO−, Cl−, NO 2 − , HPO 4 2− , Br−, NO 3 − , und SO 4 2− , sowie eine gleichzeitige Abtrennung des carbonatischen Matrixpeaks. Die Optimierung der Analysenparameter sowie die analytischen Kenngrößen werden beschrieben und anhand eines Anwendungsbeispiels aus der Aerosolanalytik illustriert.
    Notes: Summary A new combination of ion chromatography with ion-exclusion partition-chromatography is suggested in order to overcome the interferences with the fluoride peak eluting at first and to render possible a simultaneous determination of certain organic acids. The principle is the fact that not yet resolved peaks consisting of weak acids are separated on an ion-exclusion column located after the fiber suppressor in the conventional dual-column anion-chromatography (ion-exchange column and suppressor column). The carbonic acid originating from the conversion of the carbonate eluent in the suppressor reaction is acting as eluent. Using the described set-up a simultaneous determination of F−, HCOO−, CH3COO−, Cl−, NO 2 − , HPO 4 2− , Br−, NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− is possible. In consequence, disturbing carbonate matrix peaks are separated. In the present paper the optimization and analytical characteristics are described and an example of application for the analysis of atmospheric aerosols is given.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 60 (1988), S. 574-574 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1988-11-28
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1985-12-01
    Description: Forest soil respiration insitu was used as a comparative measure of the metabolic activity of substrate in eastern Ontario jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) ecosystems that had been exposed to various burning treatments, including wildfire. The five burning treatments consisted of a 1920 wildfire, experimental understorey burning (nonlethal to the overstorey) of this age-class in 1962 and 1963, a 1964 wildfire, and experimental burning of this age-class in 1977. Seasonal respiration trends were similar on all treatments. Carbon dioxide evolution increased in the spring (4000 mg•m−2•d−1) in response to ambient warming (5000 mg•m−2•d−1 in August) and decreased in late fall as seasonal temperatures declined (4000 mg•m−2•d−1 in November). Precipitation and autumnal litter fall apparently acted as secondary modifiers of this general trend by affecting substrate moisture content and nutrient quality, respectively. Highest metabolic activities were measured on the 1963 understorey burning treatment followed in decreasing order by the 1920 wildfire, the 1964 wildfire, the 1962 experimental understorey burn, and the 1977 burn of the 1964 age-class. Multiple comparisons of overall seasonal respiration means revealed lower rates (P 
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1985-04-01
    Description: Four forest floor manipulation treatments were applied to an eastern Ontario jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) ecosystem. These included a one-time complete removal of the forest floor to mineral soil; annual removal of the total forest floor to mineral soil; one-time removal of the forest floor, ashing of the material, and broadcast spreading of the ash onto exposed mineral soil; and an untreated control. Eight years after treatment radial tree growth on the treated plots showed a 30% reduction compared with the untreated plot. Annual removal of the forest floor caused most severe nitrogen depletion in jack pine foliage, forest floor, and mineral soil. Effects of one-time removal and burning treatments were less severe, but significant. Any interference with the normal buildup of the forest floor during stand development should be avoided if site quality is to be maintained for tree growth.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1988-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0254-5330
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9338
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Published by Springer
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