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  • GEOPHYSICS  (25)
  • COMPOSITE MATERIALS  (4)
  • Humans
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (15)
  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • 1991  (15)
  • 1984  (16)
  • 1
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    Mapping of DNA instability at the fragile X to a trinucleotide repeat sequence p(CCG)n (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-21
    Description: The sequence of a Pst I restriction fragment was determined that demonstrate instability in fragile X syndrome pedigrees. The region of instability was localized to a trinucleotide repeat p(CCG)n. The sequence flanking this repeat were identical in normal and affected individuals. The breakpoints in two somatic cell hybrids constructed to break at the fragile site also mapped to this repeat sequence. The repeat exhibits instability both when cloned in a nonhomologous host and after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest variation in the trinucleotide repeat copy number as the molecular basis for the instability and possibly the fragile site. This would account for the observed properties of this region in vivo and in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kremer, E J -- Pritchard, M -- Lynch, M -- Yu, S -- Holman, K -- Baker, E -- Warren, S T -- Schlessinger, D -- Sutherland, G R -- Richards, R I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 21;252(5013):1711-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Adelaide Children's Hospital, South Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1675488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Chromosome Mapping ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Restriction Mapping ; X Chromosome/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Fragile X genotype characterized by an unstable region of DNA (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-24
    Description: DNA sequences have been located at the fragile X site by in situ hybridization and by the mapping of breakpoints in two somatic cell hybrids that were constructed to break at the fragile site. These hybrids were found to have breakpoints in a common 5-kilobase Eco RI restriction fragment. When this fragment was used as a probe on the chromosomal DNA of normal and fragile X genotype individuals, alterations in the mobility of the sequences detected by the probe were found only in fragile X genotype DNA. These sequences were of an increased size in all fragile X individuals and varied within families, indicating that the region was unstable. This probe provides a means with which to analyze fragile X pedigrees and is a diagnostic reagent for the fragile X genotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, S -- Pritchard, M -- Kremer, E -- Lynch, M -- Nancarrow, J -- Baker, E -- Holman, K -- Mulley, J C -- Warren, S T -- Schlessinger, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Adelaide Children's Hospital, South Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2031189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/*genetics ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/cytology ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Reference Values ; Restriction Mapping ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Fluvial erosion of impact craters: Earth and Mars (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Geomorphic studies of impact structures in central Australia are being used to understand the complexities of fluvial dissection in the heavily cratered terrains of Mars. At Henbury, Northern Territory, approximately 12 small meteorite craters have interacted with a semiarid drainage system. The detailed mapping of the geologic and structural features at Henbury allowed this study to concentrate on degradational landforms. The breaching of crater rims by gullies was facilitated by the northward movement of sheetwash along an extensive pediment surface extending from the Bacon Range. South-facing crater rims have been preferentially breached because gullies on those sides were able to tap the largest amounts of runoff. At crater 6 a probable rim-gully system has captured the headward reaches of a pre-impact stream channel. The interactive history of impacts and drainage development is critical to understanding the relationships in the heavily cratered uplands of Mars. Whereas Henbury craters are younger than 4700 yrs. B.P., the Gosses Bluff structure formed about 130 million years ago. The bluff is essentially an etched central peak composed of resistant sandstone units. Fluvial erosion of this structure is also discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 175-177
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  • 4
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    Ozone depletion in the high latitude lower stratosphere - 1979-1990 (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Archived Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE, SAGE II) and Solar and Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) data are used to examine lower stratospheric O3 variations at 50 deg latitude in both hemispheres. These data indicate that from 1979 to 1985, 73-90 percent of the total O3 changes have occurred below approximately 25 km in altitude. Significant O3 depletions (up to 15 percent) have occurred in the partial column (127-15.8 mbar) in both hemispheres with indications of a recovery after 1985. Two-dimensional model simulations of O3 changes from 1979 to 1990 have been carried out. Comparisons with O3 data are presented. Model results suggest that by 1985, significant declines in global O3 were caused by destruction by odd nitrogen associated with long-term variations in the flux of precipitating relativistic electrons (2.6 percent); solar UV flux changes (1.8 percent); the dilution effect associated with the Antarctic O3 hole (1.2 percent); and atmospheric increases in CH4, N2O, and chlorofluorocarbons (0.4 percent). Analyses of drift-corrected SBUV and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer data and model calculations indicate that between 1979 and 1985, reductions of 4.3 to 4.8 percent in total column O3 averaged between 65 deg S and 65 deg N have occurred. Calculations indicate a full global O3 decline of 5.2 percent (peak-to-peak) or 6 percent (annual average) between 1979 and 1985 with a partial recovery between 1985 and 1989.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 2921-293
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  • 5
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    Linear prediction filters for linear and nonlinear modeled geomagnetic activity (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is shown that the Faraday loop analog model of geomagnetic activity exhibits both the directly driven and loading-unloading magnetospheric responses to solar wind input. It is further shown that the directly driven component is a linear response to loading while the loading-unloading response is nonlinear. Linear prediction filters which relate model input to output are discussed. By either allowing or suppressing the loading-unloading model response filters that relate to nonlinear or linear dynamics, respectively, have been computed. Filters that described the directly driven response are finite ranged; they asymptote to zero with increasing lag on a time scale that is fixed by the dissipation rate of the model. Filters that describe the nonlinear total response are infinite ranged; they asymptote with increasing lag to large amplitude periodic oscillations. Some implications of these infinite ranged filters are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 1635-163
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  • 6
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    Rocket measurements of relativistic electrons - New features in fluxes, spectra and pitch angle distributions (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Novel features are presented of precipitating relativistic electron fluxes measured on a spinning sounding rocket payload at midday between altitudes of 70 and 130 km in the auroral region. The sounding rocket was launched during a relativistic electron enhancement event of modest intensity. Electron fluxes were measured for a total of about 210 seconds at energies from 0.1 to 3.8 MeV, while pitch angle was sampled from 0 to 90 deg every spin cycle. Electrons with energies below about 0.2 MeV showed isotropic pitch angle distributions during most of the first 90 sec of data, while at higher energies the electrons had the highest fluxes near the mirroring angle (90 deg); when they occurred, the noted downward bursts were seen at all energies. The low-altitude fluxes are compared with those measured at geostationary orbit, and it is found that the low-altitude fluxes are much higher than expected from a simple mapping of a pancake distribution at high altitudes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 1481-148
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  • 7
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    Precipitating relativistic electrons - Their long-term effect on stratospheric odd nitrogen levels (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Using electron count rate data at geostationary orbit, daily energy spectra, extending from 30 keV to 15 MeV, have been developed for trapped relativistic electrons at 6.6 earth radii. These spectra have been used to model the flux of these electrons into the atmosphere at 120 km. Energy deposition calculations permit daily sources of HO(x) and NO(y) to be calculated at auroral and subauroral latitudes due to relativistic electron precipitation (REP) for the period June 13, 1979, through June 4, 1988. Both short-term and long-term source variations are quite large over the period considered. The results suggest that a significant contribution to the anomalously large and unexplained global O3 declines between 1979 and 1985 has been made by the catalytic destruction of O3 by odd nitrogen in the lower stratosphere at mid to high latitudes. The results also provide evidence for a clear and strong linkage between solar variability, the state of the magnetosphere, and the chemical climatological state of the middle and lower atmosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 2939-297
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  • 8
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    Substorm associated traveling compression regions in the distant tail - ISEE-3 geotail observations (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: While in the lobes of the distant magnetotail, ISEE-3 encountered regions of compressed magnetic field at a rate of several per day. The duration of these events was 5 to 20 minutes and they were observed 10 to 30 minutes following the onset of substorm activity near the earth. During each event, the lobe magnetic field tilted first northward and then southward with the inflection point near the time of peak field strength. Following the compression events, the lobe field weakened and retained a southward component for 20 to 40 minutes. It is suggested that these traveling compression regions are the lobe signatures of plasmoids moving rapidly down the tail in the plasma sheet. Comparison of ISEE-3 compression event times with substorm onset times yielded propagation speeds of 350 to 750 km/s.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 657-660
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  • 9
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    Structure of the magnetotail at 220 earth radii and its response to geomagnetic activity (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Using plasma electron and magnetic field measurements from ISEE 3, 220 earth radii from earth, it is found that the magnetotail at that distance is a coherent structure that evidently waves about through distances comparable to its own lateral scale size. For about one-third of the time it was inside the magnetotail, ISEE 3 was in the plasma sheet. During quiet times the plasma sheet is apparently quite thin, but in response to geomagnetic activity it expands, becoming filled with hot plasma flowing tailward at speeds sometimes exceeding 1000 km/sec, and forces the magnetotail cross-section itself to expand. The plasma sheet's expansion is delayed typically by about 30 minutes from the onset of the associated geomagnetic activity (often a clearly identified isolated substorm). The magnetic field in the newly-expanded plasma sheet usually exhibits a few-minute steep northward excursion followed by a more prolonged (and often steep) southward excursion. These are believed to be the signatures of arrival of a plasmoid formed and released near the earth at the onset of the corresponding geomagnetic activity. The discreteness of these plasma releases through the magnetotail and their close association with onsets of geomagnetic activity at earth suggest that they are consequences of spontaneous release, probably by magnetic reconnection, of energy and plasma earlier stored in the magnetotail.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 5-7
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  • 10
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    Plasma entry into the distant tail lobes - ISEE-3 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: ISEE-3 measurements indicate that a broad mantle-like boundary layer plasma often exists within the distant geomagnetic tail lobes at all latitudes, directly adjacent to the tail magnetopause. The presence of this boundary layer at large tail distances indicates that plasma from the magnetosheath often crosses the magnetopause locally along much of the length of the tail, and is evidence that the tail is 'open'.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 1078-108
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