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  • Articles  (58)
  • Physics  (34)
  • Chemical Engineering  (24)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1980-1984  (58)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • 1982  (58)
  • Physics  (58)
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  • Articles  (58)
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  • 1980-1984  (58)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of fiber drawing processes in terms of the filament state variables (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 329-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method of optimizing the fiber drawing process involving the feed roll, the heated elements and the take-up roll is presented. In this method, the process is described in terms of the filament temperature and filament extension in the drawing zone. This is in contrast to the conventional approach in which the machine control variables such as the heated element temperature, fiber feed velocity and the total draw ratio were used to describe the process. It is shown that the drawing process seldom proceeds by a simple yielding mechanism and that a one-step drawing process usually involves a yield draw followed by a post-yield stretching. Using the drawing of nylon 6 fibers as an example, it is shown that the most critical factors related to achieving the highest fiber strength in drawing from a given precursor are the yarn temperature and yarn extension at yielding and during the post-yield drawing.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220602
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic study of rigid-rod polymers. II. Protonation effect (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 509-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The protonation of a heterocyclic rigid-rod polymer poly(p-phenylene benzbisthiazole) and its model compound has been studied by UV-visible and Raman spectroscopy. Because of the two nitrogens on the heterocyclic ring, spectroscopic features of unprotonated, half-protonated, and fully protonated structures have been identified. For the fully protonated molecule, there is also an increase in conjugation between the phenyl ring and the heterocyclic ring.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180200312
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of molecular order in liquid-crystalline solutions of cellulose triacetate using PMR spectroscopy (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 1019-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Liquid-crystalline solutions of cellulose triacetate (CTA) in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)-CH2Cl2, TFA-1.2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) solvent mixtures were examined by means of PMR spectroscopy. CTA forms both cholesteric and nematic phases in these solvents depending on the CTA concentration. In cholesteric solutions the CH2Cl2 signal is initially a singlet and then splits into a doublet. The time dependence of the splitting and the effect of CTA concentration are reported. The results suggest that the cholesteric phase slowly changes into a nematic phase in the magnetic field. The splitting of the CH2Cl2 proton signal into a doublet and the 1,2-DCE signal into a quartet are due to direct magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. Rotation of the sample in the magnetic field results in the disappearance of the doublet or quartet and suggests that the solvent molecules are originally oriented in the direction of the magnetic field. In the biphasic region, immediate splitting of the CH2Cl2 proton signal suggests that the anisotropic phase is nematic.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180200610
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microphase separation in sulfonated polystyrene ionomers (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 1503-1509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering results for a series of un-neutralized and neutralized sulfonated polystyrenes are presented for the range of sulfonation from 0 to 7.26 mol %. From the small-angle scattering it is shown that above the 3 mol % level for both the zinc and sodium salts, a Bragg spacing (37 Å) and diameter (6.9-8.4 Å) of the scattering unit can be calculated. When the concentration of salt is increased, there is no appreciable change in the latter two measurements. The wide-angle data indicate that the cations do not influence to any large extent the basic intramolecular and intermolecular structure of polystyrene. All the data are consistent with the onset of clustering above a critical ion concentration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180200815
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High modulus semi-crystalline polymers by solid state rolling (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Solid state rolling of semi-crystalline polymers is shown to be an effective method of producing high strength, high modulus tape at acceptable production rates. High density polyethylene tape was produced having a tensile strength exceeding 300 MPa and a tensile modulus of 8.7 GPa at production rates exceeding 8 m/min. A significant factor in producing highly oriented tape by the rolling process is roll temperature. Increasing the roll temperature from 25°C to 125°C not only increases the maximum extent of orientation achievable, but increases the mechanical properties at a given degree of thickness reduction. Internal frictional heat development limited the maximum thickness reduction ratio of polypropylene to 6.6:1. This reduction was reached by rolling at 150°C. The resultant tape had a tensile modulus of 5.1 GPa and a tensile strength of 300 MPa.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of molecular chain scission during crazing of polystyrene (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 1046-1048 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) separations has been performed on polystyrene specimens in an attempt to discern whether or not mechanical crazing is accompanied by significant covalent bond scission. It was found that the extent of scission is not large but is indeed present in concentrations that are detectable by GPC. This suggests that molecular-slippage-only models of the crazing process are perhaps overly idealized and that crazing cannot take place in highly entangled polymer solids without some bond rupture.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760221606
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of epoxy resin systems: Part B: Effect of crosslinking on the physical properties of an epoxy resin (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 1213-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An epoxy system consisting of diglycidyl ether of butanediol, DGEB, cured with 4-4′ diaminodiphenyl sulfone, DDS, has been used for a study of the effect of crosslinking density on the properties of the epoxy resin. Because of the low curing rate at room temperature and the low glass-transition temperature, this system was amenable to a wide range of controlled cross-linking density. The crosslinking density was monitored by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), which followed the change in concentration of the epoxy groups during the curing reaction. The bulk density was found to increase linearly with the crosslinking density. The modulus, the upper yield point, the lower yield point, and the degree of retraction of a deformed sample all increased with the degree of crosslinking. The thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) β-peak was found to vary with crosslinking density, but the γ-peak was not changed. The TSD a peak was found to decrease in strength, but increased in temperature as the crosslinking density increased. This observation suggests that TSD measurements arc a good monitor of crosslinking density of epoxy resins, particularly near the final stage of the crosslinking reaction.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760221807
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods for study of thermal aging and stabilization of grafted acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymersPresented in the Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry at the American Chemical Society 181st National Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, March 19-April 3, 1981. (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 376-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) grafted terpolymers are apt to oxidize at an elevated temperature and its stabilization by an antioxidant is critical to processing and performance. The differential thermal analysis was used to study the effect of the AgeRite® Geltrol, a modified high molecular weight hindered phenol antioxidant, on the ABS thermal oxidation. The Kissinger equation was found to be accurate enough to determine the activation energy of oxidation. The induction time was also measured and these results were compared with the activation energies. The polybutadiene component of ABS was oxidized rapidly around 200°C under an oxygen atmosphere while the styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) component was oxidized at a higher temperature. Air oven aging at 130°C affected the Izod impact (notched), ultimate elongation, but not the ultimate tensile, melt index and morphology. It further confirmed that the polybutadiene component was oxidized and the SAN component was fairly stable at 130°C in air.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220609
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental effects of silicone oil on tensile and fatigue properties of polystyreneOral presenting made at Symposia on “Polymer Fatigue and Non-Linear Behavior,” Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry Division, ACS Meeting, New York, Aug, 1981 (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of polished polystyrene specimens, coated with silicone oil, were tested in tension and in tension-compression fatigue cycling at 21 Hz. Oils of four different viscosities, ranging from 5 cSt to 1000 cSt, were utilized. The craze initiation stress and the tensile fracture stress both increased with the increase of oil viscosity. For the 1000 cSt oil, the stress-strain curve was essentially the same as that of an uncoated sample. The average lifetime to fracture in the fatigue tests depends upon the stress amplitude and on the oil viscosity. For the 1000 cSt oil, the fatigue behavior is similar to that of uncoated samples, except at high imposed stresses, where lifetime is somewhat lower. For the low viscosity oil, the average lifetime is from one to two decades less than for uncoated samples. Discussion is given of the influence of stress amplitude and oil viscosity on the test results and on the morphology of the fracture surfaces.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220710
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The weathering of engineering thermoplasticsPart of the thesis for Dr.rer.nat. degree submitted with professor S. M. Milnera, University of Bremen, W. Germany (external referee, Professor B. Dobias, University of Regensburg, W. Germany), accepted June 2, 1981, pages 119-239. Issued as NRCC No. 20403. (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 492-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The photostability of four engineering thermoplastics, ARDEL, CYCOLOY, NORYL, and HOVEL, have been examined by mandrel bend tests on extruded channel as well as infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy on thin films. ARDEL D-100 and ROVEL 501 resins were found to have excellent stability to simulated sunlight, while CYCOLOY HHI and NORYL PX 1278 were found to have poor light stability. ARDEL is a polyarylate composed of bisphenol A. terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid condensation units. CYCOLOY is an alloy of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate. NORYL is a blend of poly(phenylene oxide) and polystyrene. ROVEL is an olefin-modified styrene-acrylonitrile.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220807
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