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  • Chemistry  (484)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (133)
  • Animals  (124)
  • Physics  (62)
  • 1980-1984  (803)
  • 1981  (803)
  • 11
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    Applicability of advanced automotive heat engines to solar thermal power (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The requirements of a solar thermal power system are reviewed and compared with the predicted characteristics of automobile engines under development. A good match is found in terms of power level and efficiency when the automobile engines, designed for maximum powers of 65-100 kW (87 to 133 hp) are operated to the nominal 20-40 kW electric output requirement of the solar thermal application. At these reduced power levels it appears that the automotive gas turbine and Stirling engines have the potential to deliver the 40+ percent efficiency goal of the solar thermal program.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-81658 , E-675 , DOE/NASA/1060-4 , SAE Intern. Eng. Congr. and Exposition,; Feb 23, 1981 - Feb 27, 1981; Detroit, MI; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obtaining quantitative data for PNAs with capillary column gas chromatography using split and splitless injectionWork supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 638-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Split injection ; Splitless injection ; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, quantitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041206
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fused silica capillary column GC/MS for the analysis of priority pollutants (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 366-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC/MS ; Capillary columns, fused silica ; Priority pollutants ; Quantitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Operational characteristics have been determined for fused silica capillary column (FSCC) GC/MS as applied to “extractable” priority polutants. Chromatographic data show excellent relative retention time (RRT) intralaboratory precision and interlaboratory accuracy when multiple internal standards are empolyed. Potential chromatographic problems, such as column overload and “double peaking”, are addressed. Response factor relative standard deviations (RSD) at 50 ng for most of the extractable priority pollutants over the long term indicated precise determination (i.e. RSD generally ≤ 10%). Linearity was demonstrated over two orders of magnitude for FSCC GC/MS analysis of compounds with relatively low and high RF (response factor) values. Potential quantitative problems, such as saturation, are discussed. For certain aromatic priority pollutants interlaboratory RF agreement was observed. This was noted as perhaps the most important property of FSCC GC/MS analysis when the multiple internal standard approach is utilized. Determinations of extractable priority pollutants are directly compared for paced column GC/MS and FSCC GC/MS analysis of separate and composited extracts. For six extracts analyzed in triplicate, the latter configuration was shown to produce more consistent results. In view of the superior analysis logistics of composite extract FSCC GC/MS analysis, this approach was established as the preferred method for the analysis of priority pollutants classified as extractable.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040803
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chemical ionization gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for octopamine and tyramine in rat brain (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1981), S. 170-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method has been developed for the quantitation of the putative phenolamine neurotransmitter octopamine, and its precursor tyramine, in brain tissue. The procedure employs methane chemical ionization of the pentafluoropropionate derivatives of octopamine and tyramine together with the use of deuterated internal standards and selected ion monitoring. Deuterated analogues of octopamine and tyramine are added to brain homogenates in aqueous perchloric acid and ion exchange is used to isolate the brain amines. The method is capable of measuring 20 pg of octopamine and tyramine. The measured concentration (ng g-1 wet tissue) of octopamine and tyramine in rat brain was as follows: whole brain (less cerebellum) (0.6 and 2.2); hypothalamus (3.2 and tyramine value not statistically significant); striatum (0.5 and 11.8) and cortex (0.6 and 1.0). Administration of pargyline resulted in an increase (around ten-fold) in octopamine and tyramine concentration in all the above brain regions. In contrast α-methyltyrosine produced only a small increase (50%) in the concentration of tyramine in the striatum.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200080408
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks of a triblock copolymer elastomer and an lonomeric plastic. II. Mechanical behavior (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks, IPN's, are defined as combinations of two physically crosslinked polymers. A styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene (SEBS) triblock elastomer was combined with an ionomer prepared from a random copolymer of styrene, methacrylic acid, and isoprene (90/10/1 by volume), and subsequently neutralized. Two subclasses of the thermoplastic IPN's were identified. A sequential polymerization method yielded the chemically blended thermoplastic IPN's (CBT IPN's). Melt blending of the separately synthesized polymers produced the mechanically blended thermoplastic IPN's (MBT IPN's). Stress-strain and Rheovibron characterization revealed that the CBT IPN's exhibited greater tensile strength and higher elongation at break, but lower moduli than the MBT IPN materials of the same overall composition. Analysis of moduli data with the theories of Takayanagi, Davies, Budiansky, and Kerner disclosed more equal dual phase continuity for the MBT IPN's than the CBT IPN's at each composition. The low modulus of the more rubbery CBT IPN compositions was attributed to a decrease in the effective chain end-to-end distance between crosslinks in the elastomeric (EB) center block, brought about by the synthetic method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210107
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The melting behavior of a low density polyethylene powder in a screw extruder (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental investigation into the performance in general and the melting behavior in particular of a single screw extruder running with a low density polyethylene power has been carried out and the results compared with those for a granular feedstock of low density polyethylene having similar melt properties. It was found that the tendency was for the output rate, pressure generated and specific power consumption to be lower for the powders, and that the removal of barrel heating near the feed hopper increased these parameters. Two melting mechanisms were observed in powder extrusion; one being the classic “Maddock” type, and the other such that the solid bed and melt pool were in reversed positions relative to the Maddock case. There was a trend for this latter mechanism to operate with low screw speeds, shallow channels and full heating. Melt initiation occurred nearer the feed end and melting was completed much more quickly with powders. An explanation of the mechanisms is proposed which is based on the observation of early melt initiation, and the industrial practices of feed zone cooling and increasing feed pressure generation to improve the performance of extruders running with powders are seen to be consistent with this proposition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210206
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and pulse NMR analysis of water in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3719-3728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydrophilic three-dimensional methacrylate polymer networks (hydrogels) were prepared from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as crosslinker. The nature and states of water in these hydrogels were studied by differential thermal analysis and pulse NMR relaxation spectroscopy. The thermal studies showed no endotherm peak for ice melting in the lower water content (bound water region); there are two endotherms peaks for higher water content hydrogels near 0°C. The amounts of bound water, intermediate water, and bulklike (free) water in the hydrogels were determined from a quantitative analysis of the endotherms of the water melting transitions. The water structure ordering in the hydrogels were discussed in terms of the fusion entropy and enthalpy obtained from the endotherm. Nuclear magnetic relaxation spectroscopy was also used to understand the mobilities of the water protons in the hydrogels and the interaction of water molecules with the gel networks. The measured spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) values for water protons in the hydrogels are greatly reduced compared to that of liquid water. The measured values of spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of water protons in the hydrogels are approximately 10 times less than that of T1 and are almost constant in the region of bound water content. Beyond the bound water content region in the hydrogels, the T2 values rapidly increase as the water content increases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261118
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the adhesive bond properties of allyl 2-cyanoacrylate (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1941-1949 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The adhesive bond of allyl 2-cyanoacrylate between steel substrates has been analyzed and compared to that of ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate. Mechanical strength as well as thermomechanical, calorimetric, thermogravimetric, and dynamic mechanical response was observed. It was demonstrated that the allyl 2-cyanoacrylate bonds exhibit improved temperature resistance owing to the formation of heat-induced crosslinks in the adhesive layer, resulting in much improved lap-shear strengths. Scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surfaces showed that plastic deformation occurred in the allyl 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive after thermal aging, while interfacial and brittle failure dominated all other cases.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260618
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of residual stress and orientation on the fatigue of injection molded polysulfone (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1173-1180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile fatigue behavior of unnotched injection molded polysulfone specimens has been investigated. The effects of orientation and residual stress were studied by comparing asmolded specimens with annealed or annealed and quenched specimens with a known residual stress pattern. The treatments are shown to have differing effects at high stresses, where failure is by shear yielding and necking, and at intermediate stresses, where failure is by fatigue crack propagation. The geometries of fatigue cracks are described for each case. An attempt is made to separate the effects of crack and craze initiation from crack propagation, and cyclic loading from cumulative time under load.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211711
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of physical and physicochemical pretreatments of wood for SCP production with Chaetomium cellulolyticum (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2417-2420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Relatively poor SCP production (4.2 mg/L h) was obtained using C. cellulolyticum and ground aspen wood treated with steam at atmospheric pressure for 1 h. The percentage of protein in the final product increased to 21.4% at a specific growth rate of 0.15 h-1 when the wood sample was treated with steam at a higher pressure (280 psig for 4 min) according to the "Stake" process. Alkali treatment (10% and 15% w/w at 121°C for 30 min), known to solubilize hemicelluloses and some of the lignin, gave intermediate results. More complete delignification of wood using NaClO2 increased the protein composition in the final product to 37.9%, at a specific growth rate of 0.19 h-1. Cellulose utilization was lowest (12.4%) in the case of the wood treated with steam at atmospheric pressure; it was higher at 75.3 and 78.5% for wood treated with NaOH at 10 and 15% w/w levels, respectively. The cellulose utilization was highest (90%) for wood treated with NaClO2.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231103
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