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  • Coleoptera  (6)
  • Cadmium  (4)
  • oxidation
  • pheromone
  • Springer  (12)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1981  (12)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (12)
  • Annual Reviews
Years
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1975-1979
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecdysteroids during pupal development of female Xyleborus ferrugineus (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Xyleborus ferrugineus ; pupae ; ecdysteroids ; pharate adult ; radioimmunoassay ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Ecdysteroidtiter weiblicher Puppen von Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) wurde geschätzt, indem ganze Tiere homogenisiert und radioimmunologisch untersucht wurden. Ein ausgeprägtes Maximum an Ecdysteroiden wurde bei 36 Stunden Puppenent-wicklung beobachtet (743 pg/mg Körpergewicht). Der Titer nahm ab auf 299 pg/mg im Pharatstadium und auf 193 pg/mg unmittelbar vor Schlüpfen der Adulten. Qualitative Studien mit HPLC ergaben in frischen Puppen ein Verhältnis von 3:1 Ecdyson zu 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Pharatstadien enthielten vor allem 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Das beobachtete einzige Maximum im Titer stimmt überein mit den Resultaten bei andern untersuchten Coleopteren.
    Notes: Abstract Ecdysteroid titers were estimated on the whole body homogenates of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) female pupae during development by radioimmunoassay. A distinct peak of ecdysteroids was observed at 36-hr pupal development (743 pg/mg body wt). Titer declined to 299 pg/mg by the pharate adult stage and to 193 pg/mg body wt just before adult emergence. Qualitative studies by HPLC revealed a ratio of 3:1 ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone in the initial pupal stage. Pharate adults had mainly 20-hydroxyecdysone. The observed single peak in ecdysteroid titer agrees with findings in other studied coleopteran species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300880
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental quality criteria: Some considerations (1981)
    Springer
    Environmental management 5 (1981), S. 191-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Pollutant toxicity ; Water Quality Criteria ; Microbemediated ecological processes ; Ecological dosage 50% (EcD50) ; Cadmium ; Phenol ; Physicochemical environmental factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The physicochemical characteristics of the recipient environment into which chemical contaminants are deposited may influence their chemical speciation, mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity. In formulating Water Quality Criteria, the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (EPA) considered the modifying effect of abiotic environmental factors on pollutant toxicity in an innovative regulatory approach. Scientific knowledge of the interactions and correlations between pollutant toxicity and abiotic factors remains limited. Recognition of the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of the recipient environment on pollutant toxicity has implications for the eventual formulation of regional, rather than uniform and national, criteria. In addition, in developing Water Quality Criteria that incorporate the effects of pollutants on “aquatic life,” EPA primarily focused on toxicity to aquatic animals and plants (including unicellular algae). The effects of pollutants on microbe-mediated ecological processes that are necessary for maintaining the state and quality of the ecosphere (such as biogeochemical cyclings, litter decomposition, and mineralization) were not included in the formulation of the Water Quality Criteria. To facilitate the recognition and quantification of adverse effects of pollutants on these ecological processes, the development of a computation, termed the “ecological dosage 50%” (EcD50) is recommended. Such a formulation could also be applied to setting environmental quality criteria for terrestrial ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873278
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxidation behavior of Fe-Cr alloys containing HFO2-dispersed phase (1981)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 15 (1981), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; dispersoids ; scale adherence ; ferritic alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The present investigation examines the high-temperature oxidation behavior of Fe-Cr ferritic alloys containing 1.0% Hf which has been convened into an oxide dispersion. The oxide dispersions were produced by an internal oxidation treatment using a 50-50 Cr-Cr2O3 powder mixture in a sealed quartz capsule at 1100°C: the samples were not in direct contact with the powders. The effect of the dispersed oxide was spectacular under isothermal oxidation conditions, but it had almost no effect during thermal cycling conditions. Unlike the TiO2-containing Fe-Cr ferritic alloys, virtually no particle coarsening was observed. The absence of the coarse particles caused poor thermal cycling behavior, whereas in TiO2-containing ferritic alloys, coarse particles acted as oxide pegs giving a keying-on effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01058830
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of Fe-C alloys in the temperature range 600–850°C (1981)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 16 (1981), S. 339-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Iron-carbon ; oxidation ; decarburization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of Fe-C alloys in the temperature range 600–850°C has been studied. CO 2 evolved during oxidation was measured using an infrared gas analyzer. The presence of C lowers the oxidation rate relative to that of pure Fe and this has been related to the rejection of carbon at the alloy-scale interface causing poor contact between scale and alloy. As a result, the scale contains a higher proportion of magnetite, which reduces its overall growth rate. Very little carbon is lost to the atmosphere. The ease with which the rejected carbon is incorporated into the alloy depends on the alloy structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611348
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect feeding and oviposition deterrents from western red cedar foliage (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 39-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insect feeding deterrents ; antifeedants ; Pissodes strobi Peck ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Thuja plicata Donn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The feeding deterrent activity of fractions from the foliage of western red cedar,Thujaplicata Donn, was studied in laboratory bioassays using the white pine weevil,Pissodes strobi Peck, as a test insect. The most active fraction was the volatile mixture that comprises the leaf oil of this tree species. Further fractionation of the leaf oil indicated feeding deterrent activity in the monoterpene hydrocarbon, thujone, and terpene alcohol fractions. When tested alone, both (−)-3-isothujone and (+)-3-thujone, which made up 75–88% and 5–10% of the leaf oil, respectively, deterred feeding by the weevils. Western red cedar leaf oil also showed antifeedant activity with the alder flea beetle,Altica ambiens (Le Conte), and served as an oviposition deterrent for the onion root maggot,Hylemya antiqua Meigen. The leaf oil, however, had no inhibitory effect on the feeding of the leaf roller,Epinotia solandriana L., and the red-backed sawfly,Eriocampa ovata L.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988634
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of lead, cadmium, and nickel on the growth ofMedicago sativa (L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 223-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alfalfa ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Nickel ; Tissue concentration ; Yield depressions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cv. Iroquois, was grown in the greenhouse in soils amended with additions of either lead, cadmium, or nickel. Metals, at rates varying from 0–250 ppm, were not uniformly mixed but were placed close to the soil surface so as to simulate surface deposition. In one series of experiments the sulphate salt of each metal and two soils were used. In a second series of experiments the nitrate salts and one soil were used. Neither salt of lead significantly depressed alfalfa yields. Both salts of either cadmium or nickel significantly depressed yields. Additions of all metals to the soil resulted in both increased metal uptake and concentrations in alfalfa tissue, particularly for cadmium and nickel. The highest tissue concentrations of cadmium and nickel were associated with plant stunting and necrosis. However, at rates of 125 ppm and less, substantial increases in cadmium and nickel concentrations were obtained frequently without serious yield reductions. Generally, metal concentrations were greatest in the first harvest following metal application. Concentration and uptake of lead and cadmium were greater when the metal was applied to the soil as nitrate than when applied as the sulphate salt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of lead, cadmium, and nickel on the growth of ryegrass and oats (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Lead ; Nickel ; Oats ; Ryegrass ; Tissue concentration ; Yield depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 24 factorial experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Factors and levels in the experiment were soil pH at 4.5 and 6.4, and cadmium, lead, and nickel added to the soil to provide soil concentrations of 50, 250, and 50 ppm, respectively, above background levels. Two species were grown in succession in the same experimental pots. Ryegrass (Lolium hybridum Hausskn. cv. Tetrelite) was harvested three times and then one crop of oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Garry) was grown and harvested. Plant tissue concentrations of cadmium, lead, and nickel were monitored throughout the experiment. Addition of cadmium to the soil lowered the dry matter yields in all three ryegrass harvests and also reduced the yield of oat grain. The application of lead nitrate to the soil enhanced the yield of ryegrass obtained at the first harvest and also increased the yield of oat grain. Nickel, added to the soil at 50 ppm, was relatively innocuous to ryegrass and oats. The presence of added cadmium, lead, or nickel to the soil resulted in enhanced tissue concentrations of these metals in both ryegrass and oats. This effect was particularly enhanced by a soil pH of 4.5. A single exception to this observation was that lead was not detected, under any of the conditions of this experiment, in oat grain. The presence of lead in the soil enhanced cadmium concentrations in ryegrass tissues. The presence of cadmium in the soil decreased lead tissue concentrations in ryegrass and oat straw. Soil pH interacted with both nickel and lead in the second ryegrass harvest with subsequent changes in tissue cadmium concentrations. At a soil pH of 4.5, the presence of added lead or nickel to the soil significantly increased the ryegrass tissue cadmium concentration beyond that observed at a soil pH of 6.4 with or without enhanced nickel or lead concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205027
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of potassium-dependent H+ efflux from mitochondria by cadmium and phenylarsine oxide (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 13 (1981), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Cadmium ; phenylarsine oxide ; mitochondria ; H+ translocation ; potassium ion ; uncoupling ; dithiol ; monothiol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Addition of Cd2+ or phenylarsine oxide (PhAsO) to respiring rat liver mitochondria results first in acidification of the medium (H+ efflux) followed by disappearance of H+ (discharge of the pH gradient or uncoupling). The first phase of H+ efflux is dependent upon the presence of K+ in the medium, and is not seen in the presence of valinomycin, which is consistent with the conclusion that H+ efflux is linked to membrane potential-dependent uptake of K+. These effects are abolished by low levels of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol but potentiated by excess of 2-mercaptoethanol, showing involvement of a dithiol type of group in the response. Mersalyl produces only the H+ efflux, and subsequent addition of Cd2+ or PhAsO produces collapse of the ΔpH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00743214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecific effects of pheromones on the attraction of the bark beetles,Dendroctonus brevicomis andIps paraconfusus in the laboratory (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Pinus ponderosa ; bark beetle ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; myrcene ; verbenone ; ipsenol ; ipsdienol ; cis-verbenol ; attractants ; inhibition ; semiochemicals ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dendroctonus brevicomis was attracted to a mixture of theIps paraconfusus pheromones, ipsenol,cis-verbenol, and ipsdienol at 10−9 g each/μl but was not attracted to these pheromones at higher and lower release rates.I. paraconfusus was not attracted to theD. brevicomis pheromonesexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene at any release rate tested. Increased release rates of a mixture of the three pheromones ofI. paraconfusus inhibited the attraction ofD. brevicomis to its synthetic pheromones. A mixture of ipsenol + ipsdienol orcis-verbenol alone failed to cause inhibition indicating that at least two of theI. paraconfusus pheromones are required to inhibit the response ofD. brevicomis. The pheromones ofD. brevicomis did not inhibit the attraction ofI. paraconfusus to its pheromones; however, verbenone was a potent inhibitor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988631
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexually dimorphic setiferous sex patch in the male red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Site of aggregation pheromone production (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 465-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sexual dimorphism ; Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; aggregation pheromone ; behavior ; bioassay ; red flour beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence for the existence of a male-produced aggregation pheromone secreted from the prothoracic femoral setiferous sex patch ofTribolium castaneum is reported. Both sexes were attracted toca. 60 ng of crude secretion. Males and females perceive the pheromone on the day of emergence while perception differs between the sexes: male response reaches a maximum on day 1 posteclosion, when tested at 〈1, 1, and 30 days; females show a maximum response at 30 days posteclosion. Behavioral responses to pheromone odors and a complex Chromatographic profile are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995769
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