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  • 1980-1984  (98)
  • 1980  (98)
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  • Articles  (98)
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  • 1980-1984  (98)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 24 (1980), S. 263-269 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A total of 75 people residing in the metropolitan Boston area who had frequently recurring headaches kept a headache diary for one month beginning March 1975. Data were also collected about barometric pressure during this time. We found that the probability of headache severity on any day was independent of the effects of time. An inference of this, supported by other findings in this study, is that headache occurrence is minimally affected by time-related phenomena such as barometric pressure readings or changes..
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 24 (1980), S. 323-328 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Discomfort Index (DI), and its associated heat load categories as worked out for conditions in Israel, was used in a study of the summer months of 1976 and 1978 in London. The cool summer of 1978 presented no heat load problems but the exceptionally warm summer of 1976, especially the period between 22 June and 9 July, produced several days of moderate heat load conditions. During this hot spell mortality from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents and respiratory disease all increased substantially. It is suggested that the heat load categories, although rarely attained, would be useful in predicting danger periods during heatwave conditions in the United Kingdom.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 24 (1980), S. 167-173 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two-day milk production figures for dairymen at Armidale (31° S Lat.) and Goulburn (35° S Lat.), Australia, were compared with minimum daily temperatures. Comparisons were made between production levels on days with temperatures above and below 0°C, and between days with varying intensities of cold: differences in production were minor. The infrequent, more prolonged periods of cold weather (“cold” being days on which the minimum temperature was below 0°C) were also associated with only very slight reductions in milk output; and the most pronounced decline in production was not attributable to low temperatures. Although short-term fluctuations in output were not related to low temperature events or low temperatures in combination with rain, thermal stress on plant growth during winter contributed to a seasonal downturn in production and below-average annual milk yields in areas with low winter temperatures.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
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  • 15
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    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 24 (1980), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
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  • 16
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    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 24 (1980), S. 243-252 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Temperature transduction in peripheral cold receptors and processing of peripheral temperature signals in the spinal cord were studied in cats and rats. The temperature dependence of the generator potential is attributed to different temperature coefficients of an electrogenic Na-efflux and the passive Na-influx. Cold receptor activity and particularly its bursting pattern is considerably modulated by the local Ca-concentration, but the effect of elevated Ca-concentration is abolished by the ATPase blocker ouabain. — The peripheral temperature signals from the scrotal skin of rats are transformed in dorsal horn neurones (DHN) into temperature reactions, which occur only above (warm reaction) or below (cold reaction) a certain temperature threshold and are limited to an operational range of 1–4°C. Convergency of different temperature inputs were observed in one and the same DHN. Supraspinal control of temperature reactive DHN appears to be complex but predominantly excitatory.
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  • 17
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    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 24 (1980), S. 341-346 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The free-living stages of bursate nematodes are affected in different ways by meteorological factors. The eggs and 1st and 2nd stage larvae live in the feces, and these factors act on them through the feces. The embryo in the egg is protected by the eggshell. The 1st and 2nd stage larvae feed on micro-organisms, and are affected by the species of microorganisms and their metabolic products. The 3rd stage, infective larvae do not feed but leave the feces and migrate onto the vegetation, where they are more directly affected by meteorological factors than the earlier stages. They are partially protected by their sheath. The degree day concept can be used to predict the length of time required for development to the infective stage. Under constant conditions at 100% relative humidity and 20–35° C,Trichostrongylus colubriformis requires 90–115 degree days (temperature times number of days) to reach the infective stage, andHaemonchus contortus requires 95–144 degree days. The great majority of eggs dies within the 1st day after reaching pasture, altho most of them would develop to the infective stage in the laboratory. Only 0.03% ofH. contortus andT. colubriformis eggs placed on pasture were recovered from the vegetation as infective larvae. When larvae ofH. contortus were placed on pasture, 1.6% (about 50 times as many but still only aout 1/30 of their potential) were later recovered. The cause of this die-off is unknown. Two types of potential worm burden prediction must be made-general and specific. The former can be made on the basis of temperature and moisture, but the latter requires information on many modifying factors.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 29 (1980), S. 387-395 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aufgrund von Daten von Regenschreibern wurde der Tagesgang des Regens in den Gebieten entlang der Küste, in der südlichen küstennahen Ebene und im Negev untersucht. Dabei wurden Regenfälle von verschiedenen Intensitätsstufen getrennt behandelt. Aus den Ergebnissen wurden Schlußfolgerungen auf die Niederschlagsvorgänge und die die Tagesgänge der Niederschläge beeinflussenden Faktoren abgeleitet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß das Vorherrschen von intensiven Regenfällen im Negev am Nachmittag und am Abend durch die starke Bodenerwärmung verursacht wird. Dieser Faktor ist weniger wirksam im Küstengebiet, wo sehr ergiebige Regenfälle auf die Zeit um Mitternacht zwischen 21 und 3 Uhr stärker konzentriert sind. Die Ursache dafür wird den Temperturdifferenzen zwischen Land und Meer und der für den nächtlichen Landwind in diesem Gebiet charakteristischen konvergenten Strömung zugeschrieben.
    Notes: Summary Data from recording raingages have been used to study dirunal variations of rainfall in three regions: Along the coast, in the southern coastal plain and in the Negev. Rainfall within various intensity intervals has been treated separately. Results have been used for inferences on local and regional factors that affect the precipitation process and control diurnal variations in it. Results show a strong afternoon and evening predominance of high-intensity rainfall in the Negev, resulting from surface heating. This factor has been found to be less effective in the coastal area, where the major concentration of high-intensity rainfall is between 21-03 around midnight. This has been ascribed to land-sea temperature differences, and to convergent flow that is characteristic to the nocturnal land breeze in that region.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 29 (1980), S. 333-343 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Autokorrelationsfunktion die Strukturfunktion des Windfeldes und dergleichen wurden für die 850-, 700- und 500 mb-Niveaus für den Monat Juli und für das 850 mb-Niveau für die Periode von Juni bis Septembeer berechnet. Mit diesen statistischen Strukturfunktionen des Windfeldes wurde nach der Optimums-Interpolationsmethode eine objektive Analyse des Windfeldes im 850 mb-Niveau erhalten. Zum Vergleich wurden die Analysen auch mit einigen Modifikationen nach der Methode von Cressman und nach der subjektiven Methode durchgeführt.
    Notes: Summary The autocorrelation function, structure function etc. of the wind field were computed at 850, 700 and 500 mb levels for the month July and at 850 mb level for the period from June to September. Making use of these statistical structure functions of the wind field in the Optimum Interpolation method, the objective analysis of wind field at 850 mb level was obtained. For comparison, the analyses were also made using Cressman's method with some modifications and by subjetive method.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 29 (1980), S. 301-325 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Struktur und Perioden der vier niedrigsten Eigenschwingungen des Bodensees und die Grundschwingung der Bucht von Konstanz wurden durch Anwendung einer vereinfachten Version der von Rao und Schwab [12] entwickelten zweidimensionalen Theorie bestimmt. Der Effekt der Erdrotation wurde vernachlässigt, da der Einfluß auf die freien Schwingungen des Sees durch die mittlere Größe des Seebeckens gering ist. Die Berechnungen der niedrigsten vier Eigenschwingungen werden durch Spektralanalysen von gleichzeitigen Messungen der Wasserspiegelschwankungen an 9 Uferstationen verifiziert. Im besonderen wird das Wasserwunder des Jahres 1549 in Konstanz, das von Schulthaiss [14] beschrieben wurde, als eine mögliche resonante Anregung der Grundschwingung in der Bucht von Konstanz erklärt. Zur Analyse dieses Ereignisses ist eine Übersetzung des Berichts über das „Wasserwunder” zusammen mit einigen historischen Bemerkungen beigefügt. Die Mitteilungen von Schulthaiss stellen die ältesten derzeit bekannten Beobachtungen von Seiches dar.
    Notes: Summary The structures and periods of the lowest four normal modes of Lake Constance and the fundamental mode of the Bay of Konstanz are determined by an application of a simplified version of the two-dimensional theory developed by Rao and Schwab [12]. The effect of the earth's rotation is neglected, because the medium size of the Lake implies only a minor influence on the oscillations. The calculations of the lowest four modes are verified by spectral analyses of simultaneous measurements of water level fluctuations at up to 9 stations on the shore. In particular, the water wonder at Konstanz in 1549 described by Schulthaiss [14] is explained in terms of a possible resonant excitation of the fundamental mode of the Bay of Konstanz. For the analysis of this event a translation of Schulthaiss' notes, which give the oldest known observations on seiches, is included in the text together with some historical comments.
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