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  • pheromone  (90)
  • Dendroctonus brevicomis
  • Maize
  • Springer  (152)
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  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Springer Science + Business Media
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Trail Marking by the Larva of the Madrone Butterfly Eucheira socialis and the Role of the Trail Pheromone in Communal Foraging Behavior (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 11 (1998), S. 247-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): trail following ; 5β-cholestane-3-one ; pheromone ; cooperative foraging ; social caterpillar ; bolsa ; silk ; Pieridae ; Eucheira ; Lepidoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The larva of the Madrone butterfly Eucheira socialis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) secretes a trail pheromone from the ventral surface of the posterior tip of its abdomen. Caterpillars mark trails by bringing the secretory site into brief contact with the substrate during a locomotive cycle. Foragers mark most heavily when they move onto new branches and little, if at all, when they move over established trails or when they return to the communal shelter after feeding. The caterpillars make careful comparisons of alternative pathways at choice points and select newer and stronger trails over older and weaker trails. Differential marking of new and established trails during nightly forays, coupled with sensory discrimination of trails by strength and age, leads colonies to abandon old trails in favor of new trails. When applied at a rate as low as 2.5 × 10 −10 g/mm, caterpillars followed synthetic trails prepared from 5β-cholestane-3-one, a trail pheromone previously reported from the tent caterpillars (Malacosoma spp.). Although both Eucheira and Malacosoma mark with the tip of the abdomen and have near-identical sensitivites to 5β-cholestane-3-one, our study shows that Eucheira employs a relatively unsophisticated system of trail-based communication and does not recruit to food. The trail-based communication system of Eucheira appears to represent an early stage in the evolution of cooperative foraging that is derived from, and motivationally linked to, conflict behavior.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021000108290
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of a pollen-specific genomic clone from maize (1989)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 2 (1989), S. 208-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Pollen-specific gene ; Nucleotide sequence ; Maize ; Locus mgs1 ; Genetic linkage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We have isolated a pollen-specific genomic clone of maize. This clone, designated Zmg13, was recovered by screening a maize genomic library with a pollen-specific maize cDNA clone. The coding region, and substantial portions of the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions, have been sequenced. The gene contains no introns. The sequence of the upstream region of the clone was used to search for homology with sequences from three other genes known to be expressed in pollen, although not pollen-specific. Several common sequence elements were identified, but whether these sequence elements are involved in pollen transcription remains to be determined. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping has shown the gene locus, designated mgs1, to be near the centromere on the short arm of chromosome 10.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195580
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Early post-pollination events in hexaploid wheat × maize crosses (1990)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 3 (1990), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Maize ; Hybridization ; Fertilization ; Karyogamy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Cytological events in the first 12 h after pollination were studied in crosses between the hexaploid wheat genotype Chinese Spring and the maize genotype Seneca 60. A pollen tube was first observed in the embryo sac 4 h after pollination, and maize sperm nuclei were first observed in the embryo sac after 5 h. On 29 occasions two, and on 1 occasion three, pollen tubes penetrated the embryo sac. Four categories of aberration limiting the frequency of fertilization were identified: (1) in 20% of florets no pollen tube reached the embryo sac; (2) in at least 1.9% the pollen tube severely damaged the wheat egg cell and polar nuclei; (3) in 33% the maize sperm nuclei were not released from the pollen tube; and (4) in 16% the sperm nuclei were released into the embryo sac but failed to move to either of the wheat gametes. In the remaining 29% sperm nuclei were more often found in the egg cell than at the polar nuclei. The results suggest that karyogamy occurs with very high efficiency when a sperm nucleus reaches the egg cell, but with only about 50% efficiency when a sperm nucleus reaches the polar nuclei.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189954
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amelioration of subsoil acidity in an Oxisol of the humid tropics (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium ; Maize ; Nitrogen ; Brazilian Amazon ; Cation leaching ; Canavalia ensiformes ; Mucuna aterrima
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary This work investigated the effectsof amendments of fertilizer N and lime on subsoil acidity and maize rooting depth in an acid soil of the central Amazon basin. A split-plot designed field experiment was conducted on a clayey Oxisol (Typic Acrudox) during a 16-month period. Main plots received 0 or 4 Mt ha-1 of lime. Subplots were four crop sequences: (1) Maize-green manure (Canavalia ensiformes); (2) maize-green manure (Mucuna aterrima); (3) maize-bare fallow, with the maize receiving 300 kg ha-1 of urea-N; and (4) bare fallow, with an application of 300 kg ha-1 of urea-N at the same time as sequence 3. Plots were periodically sampled to 1.2 m. The experimental site received 4265 mm of precipitation during 16 months; approximately 60%–90% of this rain percolated through the profile. Substantial amounts of Ca were leached from the 0–30 cm horizon during the experimental period, but only limited amounts accumulated in the subsoil. Base saturation below 45 cm was less than 50% at the end of the experiment regardless of lime treatment. Roots of maize were concentrated in the 0–30 cm layers in limed plots and the 0–20 cm layers in unlimed plots. In all treatments less than 5% of the roots was found below 50 cm. An acidity balance indicated that considerable acidity was leached below the plow layer and out of the profile.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336435
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis, synthesis, formulation, and field testing of three major components of male mediterranean fruit fly pheromone (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1925-1940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Insecta ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; pheromone ; attractant ; Ceratitis capitata ; ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate ; geranyl acetate ; (E,E)-α-farnesene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Three major components, ethyi-(E)-3-octenoate, geranyl acetate, and (E,E)-α-farnesene, emitted as volatiles by laboratory-reared and wild male medflies were collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Peak emission of these compounds occurred during the third to fifth hours of the photophase and differences were observed in the ratios of the three components emitted by male laboratory-reared and wild flies. These three compounds were synthesized, and a method was developed to formulate a synthetic blend that released the compounds in a ratio similar to that emitted by wild male medflies. Attractiveness of the blend to female medflies was demonstrated under field conditions by comparing trap catches. Black spherical traps, baited with the synthetic blend to release 1.6 male equivalents, caught significantly more females than blank traps and traps from which the blend released was 0.3, 3.2 or 6.4 male equivalents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993739
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Volatile compounds from interdigital gland of male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 1689-1696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Interdigital gland ; Odocoileus virginianus ; pheromone ; scent communication ; semiochemical ; volatiles ; white-tailed deer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Interdigital secretions were collected from eight male white-tailed deer of various ages. Analysis of volatiles was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with a modified headspace technique. Forty-six volatile compounds were found including alkanes, arenes, aldehydes, ketones, aliphatic acids, esters, pyrroles, furans, and sulfur compounds. Eleven occurred in higher concentrations (P≤0.10) in dominant (≥3.5-year-old) than in subordinate (≥1.5-year-old) animals. Dominant males typically have higher serum testosterone levels, and fatty acids and esters fluctuate with sebum production, which is under hormonal control. Therefore, these compounds may reflect testosterone levels and act as chemical signals indicating the presence of a dominant male. Interdigital volatiles also may act as generalized scent trail markers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02272407
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Female pheromone in the black molly fish (Mollinenesia latipinna): A possible metabolic correlate (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Black molly fish ; Mollinenesia latipinna ; pheromone ; thyroxine ; thiouracil ; general activity stimulus ; social contact
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The female black mollyMollinenesia latipinna emits a water-borne pheromone which increases general activity and social contacts among males. Two hormones, thyroxine and thiouracil, administered to the females increase these behaviors in males. Apparently the hormones do not functionally compete in this species, and both seem to elevate the emission of the male stimulant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994147
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of the crossability loci Kr1 and Kr2 on fertilization frequency in hexaploid wheat x maize crosses (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 403-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Maize ; Crossability genes ; Chromosome elimination ; Haploids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Dominant alleles of the Kr1 and Kr2 genes reduce the crossability of hexaploid wheat with many alien species, including rye and Hordeum bulbosum, with Kr1 having the greater effect. However, a cytological study of wheat ovaries fixed 48 h after pollination showed that the wheat genotypes ‘Highbury’ (kr1, Kr2) and ‘Chinese Spring (Hope 5B)’ (kr1, kr2) were crossable with ‘Seneca 60’ maize, fertilization occurring in 14.4 and 30.7% of embryo sacs respectively. The latter figure was similar to the 29.7% fertilization found in ‘Chinese Spring’ (kr1, kr2). Most embryo sacs in which fertilization occurred contained an embryo but lacked an endosperm and where an endosperm was formed it was usually highly aberrant. All three wheat x maize combinations were karyotypically unstable and rapidly eliminated maize chromosomes to produce haploid wheat embryos.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262508
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pollen-pistil interaction in maize: effects on genetic variation of pollen traits (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 936-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Maize ; Zea mays L ; Pollen competitive ability ; Pollen germinability Pollen-tube growth ; Pollen-pistil interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Various factors (pollen diameter, in vitro germination and tube length, in vivo growth rate in selfed and nonselfed styles) which could possibly contribute to the competitive ability of pollen were investigated on 30 Zea mays L. inbred lines. The only factor with which pollen diameter was positively correlated was in vitro pollen-tube growth. Traits related to the early stages of growth (in vitro germination, in vitro tube length, early in vivo pollen growth rate) were all positively correlated with each other, and these early characteristics were negatively correlated with late in vivo tube growth rate, which is largely influenced by the stylar genotype.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223903
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lysine accumulation in maize cell cultures transformed with a lysine-insensitive form of maize dihydrodipicolinate synthase (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 70-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Maize ; Transformation ; Lysine ; Dihydrodipicolinate synthase ; Aspartate kinase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Lysine is one of the nutritionally limiting amino acids in food and feed products made from maize (Zea mays L.). Two enzymes in the lysine biosynthesis pathway, aspartate kinase (AK) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS), have primary roles in regulating the level of lysine accumulation in plant cells because both enzymes are feedback-inhibited by lysine. An isolated cDNA clone for maize DHPS was modified to encode a DHPS much less sensitive to lysine inhibition. The altered DHPS cDNA was transformed into maize cell suspension cultures to determine the effect on DHPS activity and lysine accumulation. Partially purified DHPS (wildtype plus mutant) from transformed cultures was less sensitive to lysine inhibition than wild-type DHPS from nontransformed cultures. Transformed cultures had cellular free lysine levels as much as four times higher than those of nontransformed controls. Thus, we have shown that reducing the feedback inhibition of DHPS by lysine can lead to increased lysine accumulation in maize cells. Increasing the capacity for lysine synthesis may be an important step in improving the nutritional quality of food and feed products made from maize.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222953
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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