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  • Phaseolus  (6)
  • Gibberellin  (5)
  • Dendroctonus brevicomis  (4)
  • Springer  (15)
  • Annual Reviews
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1980-1984  (15)
  • 1980  (15)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (15)
  • Annual Reviews
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Springer Science + Business Media
Years
  • 1980-1984  (15)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gibberellin ; Growth temperature ; Lactuca ; Temperature (gibberellin)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between elongation growth and the incorporation of [3H]gibberellin A1 ([3H]GA1) into a 2,000g pelletable (2KP) fraction from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cv. Arctic) hypocotyl sections has been examined. Sections were loaded with incremental amounts of GA1 under conditions where growth was arrested (5° C) or permitted (30° C) and, after 16 h, all were transferred to a GA-free medium at 30° C. Growth and 2KP radioactivity were measured at this point and after a further 24 h in the chase medium. Uptake was reduced by 80% at 5° C, as compared to 30° C, but 2KP labelling and protein synthesis were only reduced by half. The growth rate of the 5° C pretreated sections during the chase period was comparable to that observed during the pulse in the 30° C material but the dose/response relationship was flatter. Low temperature sections incorporated a much higher percentage of GA1 uptake into the 2KP fraction (27% at maximum) but the absolute levels of labelling at this temperature were lower than those measured at 30° C. The data are interpreted as showing that 2KP labelling is not a consequence of growth. It must either precede response or be an unconnected concurrent process.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 149 (1980), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell elongation ; Cell wall ; Glucan ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hypocotyls of dark-grown 6-day-old seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris L. proved to be sufficiently homogeneous to permit studies relating the rate of cell elongation to the composition of the primary cell walls. Whereas the levels of cellulose and uronic acids remained practically constant during and after cell extension, all other components showed major or minor changes. Cell-wall protein, as such, decreased by more than 50%, but indications are that hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein increased with a decreasing rate of cell elongation, concomitant with a rise in the degree of arabinosylation of wall-bound hydroxyproline. As cell elongation slowed down, non-cellulosic glucose accumulated, presumably in the form of a β-(1–4)glucan closely associated with cellulose. These findings confirm the notion that the primary cell wall is a highly dynamic structure.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Agrostemma ; Gibberellin ; Growth retardant ; Photoperiodism ; Stem elongation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Agrostemma githago is a long-day rosette plant in which transfer from short days (SD) to long days (LD) results in rapid stem elongation, following a lag phase of 7–8 d. Application of gibberellin A20 (GA20) stimulated stem elongation in plants under SD, while 2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine-carboxylate methyl chloride (AMO-1618, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis) inhibited stem elongation in plants exposed to LD. This inhibition of stem elongation by AMO-1618 was overcome by simultaneous application of GA20, indicating that GAs play a role in the photoperiodic control of stem elongation in this species. Endogenous GA-like substances were analyzed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and the d-5 corn (Zea mays L.) assay. Three zones with GA-like activity were detected and designated, in order of decreasing polarity, as A, B, and C. A transient, 10-fold increase in the activity of zone B occurred after 8–10 LD, coincident with the transition from lag phase to the phase of rapid stem elongation. After 16 LD the activity in this zone had returned to a level similar to that under SD, even though the plants were elongating rapidly by this time. However, when AMO-1618 was applied to plants after 11 LD, there was a rapid reduction in the rate of stem elongation, indicating that continued GA biosynthesis was necessary following the transient increase in activity of zone B, if stem elongation was to continue under LD. It was concluded that control of stem elongation in A. githago involves more than a simple qualitative or quantitative change in the levels of endogenous GAs, and that photoperiodic induction alters both the sensitivity to GAs and the rate of turnover of endogenous GAs.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Agrostemma ; Gibberellin ; Photoperiodism ; Stem elongation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The following seven gibberellins (GAs) have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in shoots and leaves of the long-day plant Agrostemma githago: GA53, GA44, GA19, GA17, GA20, GA1, and 3-epi-GA1. The levels of these compounds were measured, using selected ion monitoring, during photoperiodic induction. The levels of GA44, GA19, GA17, and GA20 all increased to a peak at eight long days (LD), followed by a decline, while the levels of GA1 and 3-epi-GA1 did not reach a peak until 12 LD. The level of GA53 remained steady over the first 10–12 LD. Later in the LD treatment the levels of GA53, GA44, GA19, and GA17 increased again. The rate of metabolism of all GAs except GA53 was higher after 12–16 LD than under short days. These data thus provide indirect evidence for an effect of photoperiodic induction on GA turnover in A. githago.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin transport ; Cell length ; Light and auxin transport ; Phaseolus ; Pisum ; Transport (auxin)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The putative auxin-transporting cells of the intact herbaceous dicotyledon are the young, differentiating vascular elements. The length of these cells was found to be considerably greater in dwarf (Meteor) than in tall (Alderman) varieties ofPisum sativum L., and to be greater in etiolated than in light-grown plants ofP. sativum cv Meteor andPhaseolus vulgaris L. cv Mexican Black. Under given light conditions during transport these large differences in cell length did not influence the shapes of the transport profiles or the velocity of transport of14C-labelled indol-3yl-acetic acid (IAA) applied to the apical bud. However, in both etiolated and light-grown bean and dwarf pea plants the velocity of transport in darkness was ca. 25% lower than that in light. Under the same conditions of transport velocities in bean were about twice those observed in the dwarf pea. Exposure to light during transport increased the rate of export of14C from the labelled shoot apex in green dwarf pea plants but not in etiolated plants. The light conditions to which the plants were exposed during growth and transport had little effect on the rates of uptake of IAA from the applied solutions. The results indicate that the velocity of auxin transport is independent of the frequency of cell-to-cell interfaces along the transport pathway and it is suggested that in intact plants auxin transport is entirely symplastic.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Branch angle ; Conifers ; Cupressus ; Ethylene ; Gibberellin ; Hyponasty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Decapitation, gibberellin A3, high light, their combination, and certain levels of indole-3-acetic acid increase ethylene evolution and also induce branch hyponasty (upturning) in seedlings of Cupressus arizonica Greene, the increase in ethylene preceding obvious hyponasty. Exogenous ethylene also causes branch hyponasty and branches of seedlings maintained in an atmosphere scavenged of ethylene by mercuric perchlorate grow downwards. It is concluded that ethylene may play a role in the apical control of branch angle in some conifers. The positive effect of ethylene in increasing branch hyponasty may be direct, or reflect changes in levels of endogenous auxin and/or gibberellin.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gibberellin ; Growth temperature ; Lactuca ; Temperature (gibberellin)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between elongation growth and the incorporation of [3H]gibberellin A1 ([3H]GA1) into a 2,000g pelletable (2KP) fraction from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cv. Arctic) hypocotyl sections has been examined. Sections were loaded with incremental amounts of GA1 under conditions where growth was arrested (5° C) or permitted (30° C) and, after 16 h, all were transferred to a GA-free medium at 30° C. Growth and 2KP radioactivity were measured at this point and after a further 24 h in the chase medium. Uptake was reduced by 80% at 5° C, as compared to 30° C, but 2KP labelling and protein synthesis were only reduced by half. The growth rate of the 5° C pretreated sections during the chase period was comparable to that observed during the pulse in the 30° C material but the dose/response relationship was flatter. Low temperature sections incorporated a much higher percentage of GA1 uptake into the 2KP fraction (27% at maximum) but the absolute levels of labelling at this temperature were lower than those measured at 30° C. The data are interpreted as showing that 2KP labelling is not a consequence of growth. It must either precede response or be an unconnected concurrent process.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ethylene binding ; Hormone binding ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The preparation is described of a cell-free system from developing cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Canadian Wonder which is capable of binding ethylene. The binding is saturable and the apparent dissociation constant for ethylene is 6.4·10-10 M in solution. The binding site is associated with subcellular particles and treatment with Triton X-100 results in substantial solubilisation of the activity. The kinetics of association and dissociation of the ligand and the binding site are described. The system is heat labile and binding activity is diminished by treatment with some proteolytic enzymes.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ethylene binding ; Hormone binding ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various protein reactive agents such as dithioerythritol, dithiothreitol, mercaptoethanol and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibit binding of ethylene to cell free preparations of Phaseolus vulgaris L. The effect of the thiols is partially reversed by treatment with diamide; occupation of the binding site by ligand diminishes the inhibition caused by p-chloromercuribenzoate but not that caused by thiols. Growth regulators other than ethylene do not affect binding. Physiologically active structural analogues of ethylene competitively inhibit binding of the growth regulator and their relative effectiveness in the cell free system closely resembles that in developmental processes controlled ethylene.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Ips paraconfusus ; Pinus ponderosa ; bark beetle ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; myrcene ; verbenone ; trans-verbenol ; attractants ; inhibition ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ponderosa pine logs infested withIps paraconfusus males inhibited the attraction ofDendroctonus brevicomis in the field to either attractive logs cut from a ponderosa pine tree under attack byD. brevicomis or to their synthetic pheromones,exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. Logs cut from trees under attack byD. brevicomis inhibited the response ofI. paraconfusus to logs infested with maleI. paraconfusus.Exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene did not inhibit their response but verbenone did. Verbenone was found in maleD. brevicomis dissected from attractive logs under attack during the same time the response ofI. paraconfusus was inhibited by these logs.Trans-verbenol andexo-brevicomin were found in femaleD. brevicomis while verbenone,trans-verbenol, and frontalin were found in maleD. brevicomis in relatively large amounts near the beginning of the aggregation phase of host colonization. All of these compounds had decreased at a similar rate 5 days later. This gradual decrease inexo-brevicomin and frontalin probably caused the observed reduction in attraction. The ecological significance of these compounds in relation to termination of the aggregation phase ofD. brevicomis and reduction of interspecific competition is discussed.
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