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  • Articles  (373)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (238)
  • Chemical Engineering  (70)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (45)
  • Engineering  (20)
  • 1980-1984  (373)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1980  (373)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean free path for inelastic scattering of 1.2 kev electrons in thin poly(methylmethacrylate) films (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 2 (1980), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mean free paths for inelastic scattering (λ) of low energy electrons in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) have been determined by measuring Al Kα excited C 1s and Si 2s photoelectron signal intensities as a function of ellipsometrically determined thicknesses of PMMA overlayers on silicon substrates. The λ values obtained are 29 ± 4 Å for 1196 eV electrons and 33 ± 5 Å for 1328 eV electrons. These data are necessary for the quantitative analysis of the surface region of PMMA and similar polymers by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnitude of the λ values determined indicates that XPS measurements can provide chemical information about the surface region of polymers, such as PMMA, in the depth range of ∼6 to 100 Å. The results of this study are compared and discussed with respect to λ values determined for other organic compounds.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740020103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple viscometric test for number average and weight average molecular weight of 12.6% N pyro nitrocellulose (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 5 (1980), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the poor solvent acetone/ethanol the viscosity of a 3% solution of 12.6% N pyro nitrocellulose is found to be related to the geometric mean of the number average and weight average molecular weights. The fractional increase in the viscosity of such a solution on the addition of lead ß-resorcylate is a function only of number average molecular weight. Once calibration has been made against osmotic pressure measurements and intrinsic viscosity, both number and weight average may be measured rapidly with an accuracy which is no less than that of the osmotic pressure and intrinsic viscosity measurements themselves.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19800050502
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physarum myosin light chain binds calcium (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Physarum polycephalum ; myosin light chains ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; calcium ; cytoplasmic streaming ; actomyosin ATPase regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myosin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum contains three sizes of polypeptides: a heavy chain and two light chains, LC-1 and LC-2. Using a simple qualitative test for calcium binding by comparing electrophoretic migration of the polypeptides in sodium dodecy1 sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gels in the presence and absence of calcium, we have found that Physarum myosin light chain LC-2 migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 16,900 daltons in the presence of the metal ion chelator ethylene glycol bis (B-aminoethyl ether) N,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). However, if calcium chloride is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight decreases to 16,100. Lanthanide and cadmium ions, but not magnesium, can substitute for calcium. Because the ionic radii of Ca2+, La3+, and Cd2+ are almost identical, we conclude that Physarum myosin LC-2 possesses a very size-specific binding site for calcium. Physarum myosin LC-1 and the heavy chain give no evidence for binding calcium by this test. Since cytoplasmic streaming in the plasmodium of Physarum requires calcium, our evidence indicates that the calcium-binding property of Physarum myosin LC-2 may be important in regulating the production of force by actomyosin in the ectoplasm. Unexpectedly, the myosin light chain in Physarum capable of binding calcium, LC-2, is the essential light chain, while LC-1 is a member of the regulatory class of myosin light chains [V. T. Nachmias, personal communication]. Until now, essential myosin light chains have not been shown to have high affinity divalent cation binding sites. This means a new version of the myosin-based model for actomyosin regulation by calcium may be required to explain cytoplasmic movement in Physarum, and perhaps in other motile systems involving cytoplasmic myosins as well.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meeting report (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rheometer for measuring the viscoelastic response of polymer melts in arbitrary planar and biaxial extensional flow fieldsBased on a paper presented at the VIIIth International Congress of Rheology, Gothenburg, Sweden (1976) (1980)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 535-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we describe the operation of a rheometer that is capable of measuring the viscoelastic response of a polymer melt in a biaxial or planar extensional flow field under circumstances wherein the deformation history can be varied in an arbitrary manner. The principal feature of this rheometer is the use of a closed loop feedback system to control the inflation of a flat, molten polymer sheet clamped around its periphery. The feedback system is especially designed so that either stress or strain can be used as the reference point, thus permitting the deformation history to be varied arbitrarily. Illustrative data are presented on the viscoelastic response of a molten acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer subjected to a planar extensional flow for the following deformation histories: constant stress, constant strain, constant strain rate, oscillatory stress and oscillatory strain.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760200804
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mixing of Granular solids in a rotary cylinder (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 928-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is derived for solids mixing and material transport in a continucus flow rotary dryer or reactor. Detailed analysis of the particle motions in the turnover process provides an opportunity to apply well-known reactor models to several subregions and to relate the overall results to different design geometries and operating conditions. The essential parameters of the model are the number of stages, the volume fractions of mixed flow and plug flow in each stage, the recycle ratio and the bypass ratio.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690260607
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A random pore model for fluid-solid reactions: I. Isothermal, kinetic control (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 379-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For fluid-solid reactions, a random pore model is developed which allows for arbitrary pore size distributions in the reacting solid. The model can represent the behavior of a system that shows a maximum in reaction rate as well as one that does not, and it identifies an optimal pore structure for either of such systems. It is demonstrated that the new model subsumes several earlier treatments as special cases. By comparison with the grain model, a relationship is derived between the effective grain shape factor and a pore structure parameter defined here. When the variance of the pore size distribution is effectively zero, the new results approach those predicted by the Petersen (1957) model over a large range of conversions. The char gasification data of Hashimoto et al. (1979) are shown to produce correlations consistent with the expectations of the new model.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690260308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodesulfurization of benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]thiophene catalyzed by sulfided CoO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3: The reaction network (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 690-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690260426
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functionalization of polymer supports for polymerization catalysts by graft polymerization method (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The specific features of the gas-phase radiation-induced and plasma-initiated graft polymerization of certain monomers possessing the functionality needed for immobilization of transition metal compounds were studied. The radiation yields of allyl monomers grafted to polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(vinyl chloride) (5-25 molecules/100 eV) were found to be close to the radiation yields of the polymerization of these monomers in a liquid state. The kinetics of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid postgrafting to polyethylene pretreated with helium discharge plasma were also studied. The graft-initiating effect of PE powder treated with plasma for 5-10 min was found to be comparable with that of γ-irradiation in a dose 0.5-4 Mrad. The results of immobilization of transition metal compounds [TiCl4, VCI4, VO(OC2H5)3, Ti(OC4H9)4, etc.] on carriers prepared by the method of polymer support functionalization by grafting are described. The extent of completion of the immobilization reaction is found to vary from 0.1 to 0.96 and to depend both on the nature of the transition metal and on the specificity of the grafted fragments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250302
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in nonisothermal rheology: Behavior near the glass transition temperature and in the oriented glassy state (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 575-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: As part of a continuing study of nonisothermal rheology (meaning the simultaneous application of strain and temperature changes), we here consider the behavior of polystyrene near the glass transition temperature Tg. In particular, we measured the increase of the apparent Tg as the cooling rate is increased from 0.003 to 4.5°C/sec. This change (up to 16°C increase) has both practical and theoretical implications. For enhancing the mechanical properties of a glassy product, one desires maximum orientation (stress) just prior to quenching; the optimum deformation/temperature strategy for maximizing stress is affected by the level of Tg. By using a nonisothermal strategy we were able to produce higher frozen-in orientations, and thus higher mechanical properties, than have been previously reported. For a theoretical understanding of the rubbery state just prior to quenching, we used the generalized time-temperature superposition of our prior work; we found that a modified shift factor of the form aT(T,TRg), where TRg refers to a rate-dependent Tg, gives an improved fit to data but is not by itself adequate.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250405
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