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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (58)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (15)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (73)
  • 1975-1979  (73)
  • 1900-1904
  • 1979  (73)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (73)
Years
  • 1975-1979  (73)
  • 1900-1904
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of hexose on chloramphenicol sensitivity and resistance in chinese hamster cells (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 98 (1979), S. 627-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The toxicity and extent of growth inhibition produced by chloramphenicol (CAP) in CAPs Chinese hamster cells (line V79-5) was found to be dependent on the type and concentration of hexose in the medium. In high levels of glucose (6.5 mM), cultures of CAPs cells underwent 7-8 population doublings in the presence of 100 μg/ml CAP and viability then dropped rapidly. In contrast, lower concentrations of glucose (1.0 mM) permitted only limited growth (2-3 doublings) in the presence of 100 μg/ml CAP, but the cells remained viable and apparently quiescent for prolonged periods of time. The growth potential of V79-5 cells in CAP appeared specifically dependent on glucose, as mannose and galactose could not substitute for glucose. The toxicity of CAP to these cells seemed to be determined primarily by the number of cell doublings in the presence of the drug.A CAPR derivative of V79-5, designated 5-3, was analyzed in order to determine whether the requirement for glucose for cell growth in the presence of CAP also occurred in cells that were isolated as resistant to the drug. In order to rigorously control the hexose in the medium, some experiments were performed with medium containing dialysed, instead of whole, fetal calf serum. It was seen that the growth of the CAPR line in the presence (but not the absence) of 100 μg/ml CAP was dependent on glucose in the medium. Thus, resistance to CAP in these cells appears to be a conditional state, dependent on glucose for expression. Furthermore, the glucose auxotrophy of these cells in the presence of CAP suggests that CAP is still affecting some activities in cells isolated as CAPR.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040980321
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of low-molecular impurity on the melting of DNA-type macromolecules (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 16 (1979), S. 623-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermodynamics of the melting of a DNA-type macromolecule is studied theoretically. Elements of the macromolecule are able to annex a low-molecular impurity from the solvent (e.g., metal ions). Two models of the annexing of the impurity to the macromolecule are analyzed. It is shown that the concentration dependence of the helix-coil phase transition temperature is describable by a non-monotonic function in the case of certain relations between parameters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560160317
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Bonellin on fertilization and cleavage of the eggs of the sea urchin, sphaerechinus granularis (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: Bonellin ; Bonellia viridis ; Sphaerechinus granularis ; fertilization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have studied the structural changes occurring in the eggs of the sea urchin Sphaerechinus granularis treated with bonellin, the green pigment of the sea worm Bonellia viridis, which is responsible for the masculinization of the larva of this animal. The two major targets of bonellin appear to be the cortical structures and the nuclear membrane, while the mitochondria do not appear to be affected. As a result of bonellin treatment, cleavage is prevented while nuclear divisions proceed. The possibility is discussed that the alteration of the cortical structures may interfere with the assembly of the surface microfilaments and hence with the formation of the cleavage furrows.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120020308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations specific to spore maturation in the asexual fruiting body of dicytostelium discoideum (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 355-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum ; spore maturation ; spore specific mutations ; cell patterning ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three mutations affecting spore maturation in the asexual fruiting body of Dictyostelium discoideum are assigned to a new locus, sprJ, on linkage group IV. Strains carrying mutations at the sprJ locus do not form mature spores, yet the cell patterning (spore, stalk and disc cell ratios) is apparently normal. These mutations will be useful to delineate branch points between the cell patterning and spore maturation pathways. There are some unusual features of the sprJ-containing mutants. In particular each of the parent strains of the three mutants has incomplete spore maturation as determined by colony-forming ability after heat shocking at 45°C. A mutation allowing growth in the presence of benlate (600 μg/ml), benA351, is mapped to linkage group I.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue microenvironment and the genetic control of hair pigment patterns in mice (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 167-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: agouti locus ; hair pigment patterns ; melanocyte metabolism ; tissue microenvironment ; eumelanin ; phaeomelanin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study was conducted to assess microenvironmental variability within integumental tissue of genetically identical mice with respect to a specific cellular response: cyclic synthesis of yellow and black pigment by hair bulb melanocytes. Crosses were performed within and between inbred strains of mice that were isogenic with the exception of a single gene substitution at the agouti locus. Agouti locus genes included the Avy, Aw, A, atd, at, ax, am, and a alleles. The pigment patterns of dorsal, flank, and ventral hairs of the first and third hair generations and of hairs growing in special integumentary areas such as the pinna, tail, and hind foot were studied. It was found that the amount of yellow pigment synthesized by hair bulb melanocytes within genetically identical mice is both agedependent and conditioned by the integumentary environment. Furthermore, the special integumentary regions produce hairs with a variety of pigment patterns in which the distribution and relative amounts of black and yellow pigments do not necessarily conform to dominance relationships expected among agouti locus alleles as judged by their effects on the pigmentation of the dorsal pelage. We conclude that within genetically uniform integumental tissues, microenvironmental differences occur and are reflected as alterations in the metabolic pattern of differentiated cells.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural features of the retina and optic nerve of Strombus luhuanus, a marine gastropod (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 89-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The retina and optic nerve of Strombus luhuanus were examined by transmission electron microscopy in order to provide an ultrastructural basis for their electrophysiological responses, described elsewhere. The retina exhibits a distinct rhabdomeric layer and layers of cell nuclei and neuropile. These layers are comprised predominantly of three cell types that can be readily distinguished on the basis of their shape, their nuclei and cytoplasmic inclusions such as vesicles and filaments. One type of cell, apparently a photoreceptor that depolarizes in response to photic stimulation, possesses a long distal segment with microvilli; such distal segments comprise the bulk of the rhabdomeric layer. A second cell type, which appears to be supportive in function, contains a bundle of tightly packed tonofilaments that extend across the retina from the capsule to the vitreous body; this cell is quite narrow except in the region near the rhabdomeric layer, where it is expanded and wraps around the other cell types. A third type of cell possesses many short microvilli that project from its apical end into the rhabdomeric layer; it may be a second type of photoreceptor or another type of neuron. The retina also contains bundles of cilia that appear to project from a possible fourth type of cell. The layer of neuropile contains numerous processes that exhibit a variety of vesicle types and structures generally associated with synapses; these appear to play a role in mediating inhibitory and excitatory interactions between the retinal neurons. The optic nerve exhibits two populations of fiber distinguishable on the basis of mean diameter. Fibers in these two populations apparently yield “on” and “off” discharges in response to photic stimulation of the eye.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051590108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mandibular function in Galago crassicaudatus and Macaca fascicularis: An in vivo approach to Stress Analysis of the mandibleThis investigation was supported by the following: NIH Research Career Development Award (DE 00027), NIH Research Grant (DE 4531) and a NSF Research Grant (BNS 76-11924). (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 253-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Single-element and/or rosette strain gages were bonded to mandibular cortical bone in Galago crassicaudatus and Macaca fascicularis. Five galago and eleven macaque bone strain experiments were performed and analyzed. In vivo bone strain was recorded from the lateral surface of the mandibular corpus below the postcanine tooth row during transducer biting and during mastication and ingestion of food objects.In macaques and galagos, the mandibular corpus on the balancing side is primarily bent in the sagittal plane during mastication and is both twisted about its long axis and bent in the sagittal plane during transducer biting. On the working side, it is primarily twisted about its long axis and directly sheared perpendicular to its long axis, and portions of it are bent in the sagittal plane during mastication and molar transducer biting. In macaques, the mandibular corpus on each side is primarily bent in the sagittal plane and twisted during incisal transducer biting and ingestion of food objects, and it is transversely bent and slightly twisted during jaw opening. Since galagos usually refused to bite the transducer or food objects with their incisors, an adequate characterization of mandibular stress patterns during these behaviors was not possible. In galagos the mandibular corpus experiences very little transverse bending stress during jaw opening, perhaps in part due to its unfused mandibular symphysis.Marked differences in the patterns of mandibular bone strain were present between galagos and macaques during the masticatory power stroke and during transducer biting. Galagos consistently had much more strain on the working side of the mandibular corpus than on the balancing side. These experiments support the hypothesis that galagos, in contrast to macaques, employ a larger amount of working-side muscle force relative to the balancing-side muscle force during unilateral biting and mastication, and that the fused mandibular symphysis is an adaption to use a maximal amount of balancing-side muscle force during unilateral biting and mastication.These experiments also demonstrate the effects that rosette position, bite force magnitudes, and types of food eaten have on recorded mandibular strain patterns.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051590208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemoreceptors in the cibario-pharyngeal pump of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 160 (1979), S. 7-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of contact chemoreceptors in the cibariopharyngeal pump of the moth Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is described. Two types of receptors designated A and B are located on the floor of the pump. Two groups of 9-12 A receptors are located in the anterior part of the pump, and two groups of two B receptors are in the posterior part of the pump. Five sensory dendrites extend to the tip of each A receptor and four to each B receptors. Available evidence indicates that these receptors are contact chemoreceptors and do not serve as mechanoreceptors. The receptors are compared to those of other insects.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051600103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of germanium on the morphology of silica deposition in a freshwater sponge (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 343-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of germanium on the secretion of siliceous spicules by the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris was investigated by exposing germinating and hatching gemmules to varying concentrations of germanium (Ge) in the presence of silicon (Si). Results were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively and demonstrate that a [Ge]/[Si] (= molar ratio) of 1.0 completely inhibits silicon deposition. Intermediate ratios (0.5, 0.1, 0.01) which are permissive to spicule appearance result in fewer, shorter, and thinner spicules, in proportionately fewer microscleres, and in short bulbous megascleres. The size of the bulb increases with increasing [Ge]/[Si], while the length of the bulbous megascleres decreases with increasing [Ge]/[Si]. Microscleres do not demonstrate these graded responses suggesting that they are secreted in an all or none manner. Swellings produced in pond water and bulbs produced in germanium appear to decrease in size with time indicating a spreading of the accumulated silica. The effect of germanium on spicule secretion can be partially explained by its ability to uncouple the growth in length of the axial filament from the growth of the surrounding silicalemma. Under these conditions excess silicalemma is produced in which silica accumulates as bulbs in short spicules. Continuous exposure to Ge is necessary to produce this altered morphology. It is conjectured that the bulbs may be retained due to an inhibition of spreading. which in turn may be caused by the incorporation of germanium into the silica.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051590305
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The initiation and elongation steps in protein synthesis: Relative rates in chinese hamster ovary cells during and after hyperthermic and hypothermic shocks (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 98 (1979), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relative rates of the initiation and elongation phases of protein synthesis have been determined in heat- and cold-shocked CHO cells from measurements of the incorporation of 35S-methionine into N-terminal and internal positions of growing peptides by a modified Edman degradation. When the cells are shifted from 37°C to temperatures between 10°C and 34°C, the rate of initiation is at first reduced more extensively than that of elongation. After 20 to 30 minutes at the lower temperature, however, the cells undergo a metabolic adjustment which includes increasing the rate of initiation until it corresponds to the rate of elongation at that temperature. Calculated apparent energies of activation for initiation and elongation are in reasonable agreement with those determined in other mammalian cells. When the cooled cells are returned to 37°C, the rates of initiation and elongation recover immediately but do not exceed the control values. Exposure to elevated temperature (43°C) causes an immediate cessation of initiation and thus a delayed inhibition of elongation; upon return to 37°C, the rate of initiation is transiently elevated above the control rate, and the rate of elongation returns to the control rate after a 2- to 3-minute delay. Hence, a factor which leads to supranormal rates of initiation may accumulate at high but not at low temperatures.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040980120
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