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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (5)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (5)
  • 1979  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of monomer preemulsification on formation of particles from monomer drops in emulsion polymerization (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 703-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Evidence was obtained supporting the theory that monomer droplets can become a locus of initiation and propagation in emulsion polymerization. This was done by reducing the size of the monomer droplets prior to initiation of polymerization using different preemulsification techniques for a typical latex recipe containing a common anionic surfactant. Monomer droplet size reduction caused an increase in the total surface area of the monomer droplets and thereby increased the competitiveness of these droplets for capturing active free radicals which are generated in the aqueous phase. As the total surface area of the monomer droplets was increased by preemulsification, a corresponding increase in the number of large particles formed by polymerization of these monomer droplets was experimentally measured. This work shows that monomer droplets are a locus of emulsion polymerization. However, the importance of monomer droplet polymerization is limited by their total surface area because of the competition for free radicals with other surfaces and/or particle nucleation processes. The results offer a basis for explaining why broad, and sometimes bimodal, particle size distributions are obtained in some commercial processes where the reactants are preemulsified prior to being charged into a reaction vessel.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240308
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Korrosionsresistenz von einigen gebräuchlichen Aluminiumwerkstoffen in MeerwasserVortrag vor dem Fachausschuß für „Korrosions- und Bewuchsforschung“ der Schiffbautechnischen Gesellschaft e. V., Hamburg, Oktober 1978. (1979)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 673-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of Corrosion Resistance of Typical Aluminium Materials in Sea-WaterThe aluminium alloys Al99,5; AlMn 1 Mg 0,5, AlMg 2 Mn 0,8; AlMg3; AlMg 4,5 Mg 1 were subjected to polarization measurements as well as immersion tests on unpolarized samples in artificial sea water. The Free Corrosion Potential and the surface attack were measured.The determined values for the pitting potential of Al99,5 as well as the investigated alloys AlMg and AlMgMn, were found to be nearly independent of the composition. Differences between the alloys were found in immersion test by measurement of the Free Corrosion Potential. These differences can also be seen in the change of potential and surface conditions. The different investigations permit a general concept of the partial corrosion reactions.The results indicate that in aerated artificial sea water the investigated aluminium materials are generally cathodically controlled.
    Notes: An den Aluminiumwerkstoffen Al99,5: AlMn 1 Mg 0,5: AlMg 2 Mn 0,8; AlMg 3; AlMg 4,5 Mn und AlZn 4,5 Mg 1 wurden in künstlichem Meerwasser sowohl potentiostatische Polarisationsmessungen als auch Dauertauchversuche an unpolarisierten Proben unter Registrierung des Freien Korrosionspotentials durchgeführt und die Oberflächenveränderungen mikroskopisch ausgemessen.Die ermittelten Werte für das Lochfraßpotential von Al99,5 sowie von den untersuchten AlMg- und AlMgMn-Legierungen waren unter den genannten Bedingungen nahezu legierungsunabhängig. Bei den Dauertauchversuchen mit Messung des Freien Korrosionspotentials wurden graduelle Unterschiede im Korrosionsverhalten festgestellt, die in der Verlagerung der Potentiale und im Oberflächenbefund erkennbar waren. Die verschiedenen Untersuchungen lassen im Zusammenhang Rückschlüsse über den Ablauf der einzelnen Teilreaktionen der Korrosion zu. Ihre Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß bei den untersuchten Aluminiumwerkstoffen die Korrosionsreaktionen in lufthaltigem bzw. belüftetem künstlichem Meerwasser von 22°C überwiegend kathodisch gesteuert werden.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19790301002
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic model for pyrolysis of cellulose (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 3271-3280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It has been shown that the pyrolysis of cellulose at low pressure (1.5 Torr) can be described by a three reaction model. In this model, it is assumed that an “initiation reaction” leads to formation of an “active cellulose” which subsequently decomposes by two competitive first-order reactions, one yielding volatiles and the other char and a gaseous fraction. Over the temperature range of 259-341°C, the rate constants of these reactions, ki (for cellulose → “active cellulose”), kv (for “active cellulose” → “volatiles”), and kc (for “active cellulose” → char + the gaseous fraction) are given by ki = 1.7 × 1021e- (58,000/RT) min -1, kv = 1.9 × 1016e- (47,300/RT) min-1, and kc = 7.9 × 1011e- (36,600/RT) min-1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070231112
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of cellulose in air and nitrogen at low temperatures (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1431-1442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal analysis and kinetic studies have shown that oxidative reactions are responsible for acceleration in the rates of weight loss and depolymerization of cellulose on pyrolysis in air at temperatures below 300°C. The oxidative reactions include production of hydroperoxide, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups, which have been investigated at lower temperatures along with the rates of depolymerization and production of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The experimental results are consistent with an autoxidation mechanism involving initiation, propagation, and decomposition reactions. At temperatures above 300°, the rate of pyrolysis is essentially the same in both air and nitrogen, indicating that thermal degradation is independent of the oxidative reactions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230513
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation resistance of some candidate composite biomaterials (1979)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 13 (1979), S. 783-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The degradation resistance of matrix, fiber and composite systems which we have been studying as candidate orthopedic materials has been examined in two appropriate environments. Both resistance to steam sterilization in an autoclave environment and resistance to a simulated physiologic solution have been studied. In the autoclave study, samples were placed in a pressure cooker at 123°C for differing amounts of time and tested for retention of mechanical properties. Results indicate that most of the materials tested could be autoclaved several times, as along as autoclave times did not exceed 1 hr. Longer autoclave times result in an accelerated degradation and loss of strength of all materials except the polypropylene. Polysulfone degrades after even the shortest autoclave duration. Resistance to the simulated physiologic environment was tested by measuring retention of mechanical properties after immersion times in pseudo-extracellular fluid (PECF) at 37°C for as long as three years. None of the materials showed any significant changes in properties after immersion in the PECF.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820130509
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