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  • Articles  (657)
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (657)
  • 1978  (657)
  • Computer Science  (657)
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  • Articles  (657)
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (657)
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  • 1
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    Brain tumors in owl monkeys inoculated with a human polyomavirus (JC virus) (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: Owl monkeys were inoculated intracerebrally, subcutaneously, and intravenously with JC, BK, or SV40 virus. Two of four adult owl monkeys inoculated with JC virus, a human polyomavirus, developed brain tumors at 16 and 25 months after inoculation, respectively. A grade 3 to grade 4 astrocytoma (resembling a human glioblastoma multiforme) was found in the left cerebral hemisphere and brainstem of one monkey. The second monkey developed a malignant tumor in the left cerebral hemisphere containing both glial and neuronal cell types. Impression smears prepared from unfixed tissue of this tumor showed cells that contained polyomavirus T antigen. Virion antigens were not detected. Tumor cells cultured in vitro also contained T antigen but were negative for virion antigen. Infectious virus was not isolated from extracts of this tumor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉London, W T -- Houff, S A -- Madden, D L -- Fuccillo, D A -- Gravell, M -- Wallen, W C -- Palmer, A E -- Sever, J L -- Padgett, B L -- Walker, D L -- ZuRhein, G M -- Ohashi, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1246-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/211583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Brain Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology ; Immunosuppression ; Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology/pathology ; *Polyomavirus/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of active versus passive dendritic membranes on the transfer properties of a simulated neuron (1978)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 31 (1978), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a simulated neuron with a dendritic tree, the relative effects of active and passive dendritic membranes on transfer properties were studied. The simulations were performed by means of a digital computer. The computations calculated the changes in transmembrane voltages of many compartments over time as a function of other biophysical variables. These variables were synaptic input intensity, critical firing threshold, rate of leakage of current across the membrane, and rate of longitudinal current spread between compartments. For both passive and active dendrites, the transfer properties of the soma studied for different rates of longitudinal current spread. With low rates of current spread, graded changes in firing threshold produced correspondingly graded changes in output discharge. With high rates of current spread, the neuron became a bistable operator where spiking was enhanced if the threshold was below a certain level and suppressed if the threshold was above that level. Since alterations in firing threshold were shown to have the same effect on firing rate as alterations in synaptic input intensity, the neuron can be said to change from graded to contrast-enhancing in its response to stimuli of different intensities. The presence or absence of dendritic spiking was found to have a significant effect on the integrative properties of the simulated neuron. In particular, contrast enhancement was considerably more pronounced in neurons with passive than with active dendrites in that somatic spike rates reached a higher maximum when dendrites were passive. With active dendrites, a less intense input was needed to initiate somatic spiking than with passive dendrites because a distal dendritic spike could easily propagate by means of longitudinal current spread to the soma. Once somatic spiking was initiated, though, spike rates tended to be lower with active than with passive dendrites because the soma recovered more slowly from its post-spike refractory period if it was also influenced by refractory periods in the dendrites. The experiment of comparing neurons with active and passive dendrites was repeated at a different, higher value of synaptic input. The same differences in transfer properties between the active and passive cases emerged as before. Spiking patterns in neurons with active dendrites were also affected by the time distribution of synaptic inputs. In a previous study, inputs had been random over both space and time, varying about a predetermined mean, whereas in the present study, inputs were random over space but uniform over time. When inputs were made uniform over time, spiking became more difficult to initiate and the transition from graded to bistable response became less sharp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344236
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Joit torque and energy patterns in normal gait (1978)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 29 (1978), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted on normal level gait to determine the synergistic patterns present in the forces causing joint moments and those associated with the generation, absorption and transfer of mechanical energy. The following generalizations can be made about the patterns: (i) During swing phase three forces (gravitational, muscle and knee joint acceleration) are responsible for shank rotation, and are shown to act together during both acceleration and deceleration.—(ii) The patterns of generation, absorption and transfer of mechanical energy at the joints are detailed. These patterns demonstrate inter-segment transfers of energy through the joint centres, and through the muscles, as well as the more recognized generation and absorption by the muscles themselves.—As a result of the complexity shown in these patterns it is cautioned that fundamental relationships that may have been derived from controlled biomechanical experiments (such as horizontal flexion and extension of the forearm) are not likely to apply to more normal movements such as gait.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337349
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the time required for reference count management in retention block-structured languages. Part 2 (1978)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 7 (1978), S. 91-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Block-structured languages ; retention vs. deletion ; contour model ; stack model ; reference counts ; lifetime checks ; time estimates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, two implementations of generalized block-structured languages are presented and compared for time requirements. One implementation, the Lifetime Stack Model, implements the deletion strategy with lifetime checks; the other, the Partial Reference Count Contour Machine, implements the retention strategy. For a large subset of the lifetime well-stacking programs, those that run correctly on the first model, the two models are shown to require nearly the same order of magnitude of time. The use of full label values is shown to have a detrimental effect on the time efficiency of the latter model. Part 1, in Volume 7, Number 1, of this journal, gives a general description of the machines, some of their definitions, and proof of the results. Part 2, in this issue, serves as an appendix to Part 1 and contains most of the formal definitions of the machines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00975882
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time required for reference count management in retention block-structured languages. Part 1 (1978)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 7 (1978), S. 11-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Block-structured languages ; retention vs. deletion ; contour model ; stack model ; reference counts ; lifetime checks ; time estimates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, two implementations of generalized block-structured languages are presented and their time requirements compared. One implementation, the lifetime stack model (LSM), implements the deletion strategy with lifetime checks; the other, the partial reference count contour machine (PRCCM), implements the retention strategy. For a large subset of the lifetime well-stacking programs, which are precisely those that run correctly on the first model, the two models are shown to require nearly the same order of magnitude of time. The use of full-label values is shown to have a detrimental effect on the time efficiency of the latter model. Part 1, in this issue, gives a general description of the machines and part of their definitions, and proves the results. Part 2, in the next issue, serving as an appendix to Part 1, contains most of the formal definitions of the machines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00991939
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  • 6
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    Dieldrin-induced mortality in an endangered species, the gray bat (Myotis grisescens) (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Brains of juvenile gray bats, Myotis grisescens, found dead beneath maternity roosts in two Missouri caves contained lethal concentrations of dieldrin. One colony appeared to be abnormally small, and more dead bats were found a year after the juvenile bats had been collected. This is the first report to link the field mortality of bats directly to insecticide residues acquired through the food chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, D R Jr -- LaVal, R K -- Swineford, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1357-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/564550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldrin/adverse effects ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Brain Chemistry ; *Chiroptera ; Dieldrin/*adverse effects/analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Lactation ; Male ; Missouri ; Pesticide Residues ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The cyril burt question: new findings (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: Cyril Burt presented data in his classic paper "Intelligence and social mobility" that were in perfect agreement with a genetic theory of IQ and social class. A detailed analysis of these data reveals, beyond reasonable doubt, that they were fabricated from a theoretical normal curve, from a genetic regression equation, and from figures published more than 30 years before Burt completed his surveys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dorfman, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1177-86.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17801372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation is mediated by a platelet plasma membrane-bound lectin (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: Throbin-activated human platelets cause agglutination of trypsinized, formalinized bovine erythrocytes. This lectin activity of stimulated platelets was blocked by galactosamine, glucosamine, mannosamine, lysine, and arginine, but not by N-acetylated sugars, other neutral sugars, or other amino acids. Inhibitors of the thrombin-induced lectin activity also blocked thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. It appears that a membrane surface component that has lectin activity mediates platelet aggregation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gartner, T K -- Williams, D C -- Minion, F C -- Phillips, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1281-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agglutinins ; Amino Acids/pharmacology ; Amino Sugars/pharmacology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cytochalasin B/pharmacology ; *Hemagglutinins ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/blood ; Platelet Aggregation/*drug effects ; Prostaglandins E/pharmacology ; Species Specificity ; Thrombin/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus from overwintering Culex pipiens mosquitoes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Two strains of St. Louis encephalitis virus were isolated from overwintering mosquitoes collected in Maryland and Pennsylvania during January and February 1977. There isolations from Culex pipiens constitute evidence that a mosquito-borne flavivirus can persist in a vector mosquito in temperate climates during the winter season.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bailey, C L -- Eldridge, B F -- Hayes, D E -- Watts, D M -- Tammariello, R F -- Dalrymple, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1346-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culex/*microbiology ; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/*isolation & purification ; Encephalitis Viruses/*isolation & purification ; Female ; Insect Vectors/*microbiology ; Maryland ; Pennsylvania ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Planck's Principle (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-17
    Description: Two views about the Darwinian revolution are tested: that nearly all scientists in Great Britain had been converted to a belief in the evolution of species within 10 years after the publication of the Origin of Species, and that younger scientists were converted much more rapidly than older scientists. Both views are shown to be less than accurate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hull, D L -- Tessner, P D -- Diamond, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 17;202(4369):717-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17807228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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