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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling fermentations with recombinant microorganisms: Formulation of a structured model (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 802-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple structured model is described and compared with experimental data for fermentations with recombinant. Escherichia coli. The model is a so-called compartment, model, where the different biomass components are lumped together in a few intracellular variables. The model is able to describe, in a biologically reasonable fashion, a majority of the observations that have been made through fermentations with recombinant microorganisms. The model is especially suited for description of dynamic changes in plasmid copy number, e.g., runaway plasmid replication.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370903
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate equations for the vigorous stationary phase fermentation of citric acid by Saccharomycopsis lipolytica (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 985-988 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Saccharomycopsis lipolytica ; rate equations ; fermentation ; citric acid ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260371014
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new biosensor for specific determination of sucrose using an oxidoreductase of Zymomonas mobilis and invertase (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: sucrose ; biosensor ; Zymomonas mobilis ; interfering compounds ; invertase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new biosensor for specific determination of sucrose was developed using an oxidoreductase of Zymomonas mobilis and invertase. Cells of Z. mobilis were permeabilized with toluene in order to utilize the enzymes of glucose-fructose oxidoreductase and gluconolactonase inside the intact cells. Permeabilized cells and invertase were coimmobilized in a gelatin membrane, and a whole cell enzyme electrode was constructed by fixing the membrane on a pH electrode. The production of hydrogen ion was detected using the biosensor-connected microcomputer, and the concentration of sucrose was determined by using both the initial rate and the steady-state methods. Optimum conditions for biosensor response were pH 6.2 and temperature 35°C. The effect of interfering compounds on the electrode response was investigated, and the interference by various sugars was eliminated by determining sucrose concentration using the steady-state method. The biosensor developed is simple and reproducible, and the calibration curve for sucrose is linear up to 70 g/L.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380302
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of Thalictrum rugosum cell suspension in an improved airlift bioreactor: Stimulatory effect of carbon dioxide and ethylene on alkaloid production (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Thalictrum rugosum ; alkaloid production ; berberine ; bioreactor ; airlift ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Airlift bioreactor operations have been studied for the growth-associated production of secondary metabolites from plant cell suspension cultures. The model system used in this work was Thalictrum rugosum producing berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid. The airlift system was well suited for growth of Thalictrum cell suspension cultures unless the cell density was high. At high cell density, the airlift system with a draught tube was not adequate due to large aggregates clogging the recirculation paths. This was overcome by use of a cell scraper in the reactor. For berberine production, gas-stripping also played a significant role and it was discovered that CO2 and ethylene were important for product formation. By supplying a mixture of CO2 and ethylene into the airlift system, the specific berberine content was increased twofold. It is evident that continuous gas sparging was harmful for the production of berberine without supplementation with other gases.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380403
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic analysis of the effects of plasmid multimerization on segregational instability of CoIE1 type plasmids in Escherichia coli B/r (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 1076-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: plasmids-mathematical models ; multimerization ; segregational instability ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of plasmid multimerization on segregational instability was investigated using a structured, segregated model of genetically modified Escherichia coli cells. By including the multimerization of plasmids, the model can predict the proportion of each multimer in the total plasmid population. Simulation results suggest that the plasmid copy number is controlled by the total plasmid content (i.e., total number of plasmid origins) in the host cell and that multimerization reduces the total number of independent, monomeric segregation units. However, multimerization is found to have a minor effect on decreasing plasmid segregational stability for multicopy plasmids with average copy number per cell greater than about 25. Also model predictions were used to test whether or not a nonrandom plasmid distribution at cell fission could cause segregational instability. Even in the case of severely biased partitioning, plasmids whose copy number is above 45 per cell do not show significant segregational instability. The results suggest that when the ColE1-type plasmid does not encode and express any large or disruptive foreign proteins, the copy number of 45 per cell may be the threshold at which only growth rate-dependent instability is responsible for overall plasmid instability.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260371113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous glycerolysis of olive oil by Chromobacterium viscosum lipase immobilized in liposome in reversed micelles (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1159-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: continuous glycerolysis ; lipase adsorbed on liposome ; microemulsion ; reversed micelles ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chromobacterium viscosum lipase which has adsorbed on liposome and solubilized in microemulsion droplets of glycerol containing a little amount of water could catalyze the glycerolysis of olive oil. Studies on the continuous glycerolysis of olive oil by the immobilized enzyme was done at 37°C in continuous stirred vessel bioreactor with polysulfone membrane. The effect of the flow rate of substrate (olive oil) in isooctane on the conversion and composition of the outlet was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The conversion increased with decrease in the flow rate. And we studied the effect of water content in the glycerol-water-lipase solution on the glycerolysis reaction. The conversion to desirable products, mono- and di-olein, was improved without a substantial production of oleic acid at lower water concentrations, i.e., below 8.0% (w/v) which corresponds to a wo value of 0.97. At water concentration higher than 8.0% (w/v), the amount of free fatty acid was dramatically increased. Higher operational stability of the enzyme reactor, and the half-line of the enzyme continuous reaction was about 7 weeks.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260381007
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promotion of oxygen transfer in three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactors by floating bubble breakers (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 580-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: promotion of oxygen transfer ; three-phase fluidized beds ; bubble breaker ; viscous liquid media ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of the present study was to investigate a method to enhance the volumetric rate of oxygen transfer in three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactors. The rates of oxygen transfer from air bubbles to viscous liquid media were promoted by floating bubble breakers in three-phase fluidized beds operated in the bubble coalescing regime. The liquid-phase volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient has been recovered by fitting the axial dispersion model to the resultant data, and its dependence on the experimental variables, such as the gas and liquid flow rates, particle size, concentration of bubble breakers, and liquid viscosity, has been examined. The results indicate that the liquid-phase volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient can be enhanced up to 20-25%. The coefficient exhibits a maximum with respect to the volume ratio of the floating bubble breakers to the fluidized solid particles; it increases with increases in the gas and liquid flow rates and size of fluidized particles, while it decreases with an increase in the liquid viscosity. An expression has been developed to correlate the liquid-phase volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient with the experimental variables.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370613
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microcarrier culture of bowes melanoma cells in serum-free medium with Human plasma fraction IV-4+ V (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: serum-free medium ; fractionated human plasma ; plasminogen activator ; growth stimulatory activities ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bowes melanoma cells were cultivated successfully in a serum-free medium which was constructed by the concept of maximum retention of proteins from fractionated human plasma having growth stimulatory activities. The cells could be cultivated in the serum-free medium without any adaptation period. The major serum-free component of the medium was the fraction IV-4 + V of the Cohn fractionation process of human plasma. Approximately six times increase of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity as compared with that in serum-free medium even though the cell growth was much slower. In addition, the growth stimulatory activities of thrombin and fibronectin were investigated during the cultivation of Bowes melanoma cells in this serum-free medium. These proteins contributed significantly to the enhanced growth of cells by reducing doubling time to 25 and 35 h as compared with 55 h in the serum-free medium without them. Especially, fibronectin supported cells to propagate near to the maximum cell density achieved in the medium with 10% FBS.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380306
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of dispersion structure of fermentation media by dynamic gas disengagement method (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 288-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370312
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of plasmid content, transcription efficiency, and translation efficiency on the productivity of a cloned gene protein in Escherichia coli (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1271-1279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: PL promoter ; plasmid content ; 45S RNA ; gene expression ; continuous culture ; two-stage ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to investigate how plasmid content, transcription efficiency, and translation efficiency affect the productivity of a cloned gene protein, a new vector (pPLc-RP4.5) was constructed. The vector has PL promoter and lacZ as a structure gene 4.5S RNA gene between PL promoter and lacZ gene. We took advantage of the characteristic that the 4.5S RNA is accumulated inside E. coli cells and can be quantitatively measured. A two-stage continuous culture system in combination with a temperature-sensitive gene switching system was used to study the performance of the recombinant fermentation. It was found that the plasmid content as varied by the dilution rate in the production stage showed a different pattern from that in the growth stage. The result showed that promoter strength had a greater influence on the overall gene expression efficiency of a cloned gene than the plasmid content, and the overall gene expression efficiency was largely dependent upon translation efficiency when a multicopy plasmid (pBR322 derivative and rop-) and a strong promoter (PL) were used to express a heterologous protein in E. coli.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260381103
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