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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence on the fatigue corrosion behaviour of the steel X20Cr13 in chloride containing media by molybdenum additionsThe fatigue corrosion behaviour of a 13% Cr steel (used for turbine blades) has been studied in terms of its dependence on carbide shape and molybdenum additions in aqueous NaCl solutions of various concentrations at temperatures between room temperature and 200°C. Further tests in autoclaves were carried out in order to study the surface layers formed above 150°C without mechanical loads. Addition of 1% molybdenum yields a considerable increase of corrosion fatigue strength at room temperature, while there is no influence attributable to different shapes of graphite precipitations. At 150°C the corrosion fatigue strength is largely independent from sodium chloride concentration (0,1 to 27%); this means that very small quantities of sodium chloride are sufficient to produce heavy corrosion in wet steam at 〉 106 cycles. A range particularly suitable for such tests is the load range between ± 150 and ± 200 N/mm2 at 150°C, because these conditions approach those encountered in practice. The passivating layers are very thin (interference phenomena). Considering the increase of corrosion resistance produced by 1% Mo it is expected that 2.5% Mo will produce a further improvement, in particular with regard to pitting corrosion since rupture generally starts at the pits.
    Notes: Das Schwingungsrißkorrosionsverhalten von 13% Cr-Stahl (eingesetzt für Turbinenschaufeln) wurde in Abhängigkeit von der Carbidausbildung und vom Molybdänzusatz ermittelt, und zwar in wässerigen NaCl-Lösungen verschiedener Konzentrationen bei Temperaturen zwischen Raumtemperatur und 200°C. Weitere Versuche in Autoklaven wurden durchgeführt, um die oberhalb 150°C ohne Belastung entstehenden Deckschichten zu untersuchen. Durch Zusatz von 1% Mo wird die Korrosionszeitfestigkeit bei Raumtemperatur wesentlich erhöht, während sich Unterschiede in der Carbidausbildung nicht auswirken. Bei 150°C ist die Korrosionszeit-festigkeit weitgehend unabhängig von der NaCl-Konzentration (0,1 bis 27%), d. h. daß schon geringe NaCl-Mengen genügen, um bei Lastspielzahlen über 106 starke Korrosion in Naßdampf hervorzurufen. Besonders geeignet für Untersuchungen ist der Belastungsbereich zwischen ± 150 und ± 200 N/mm2 bei 150°C, da diese Bedingungen betriebsnah sind. Die Passivierungsschichten sind sehr dünn (Interferenzerscheinungen). Aufgrund der Verbesserung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit bei 1% Mo-Zusatz wird erwartet, daß 2,5% Mo eine deutliche weitere Verbesserung bringen, besonders im Hinblick auf die Lochkorrosion, da der Bruch an Lochkorrosionsstellen seinen Ausgang nimmt.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Eine sehr wichtige Aufgabe bei der Verfahrensentwicklung ist die Ausarbeitung und Festlegung der „richtigen“ Reaktionsführung. Von den verschiedenen Kriterien des „richtig“ ist die Vergrößerbarkeit nur ein, wenn auch wichtiges Kriterium. Am Beispiel der Entwicklung eines kontinuierlichen Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Phthalimid aus Phthalsäureanhydrid und Ammoniak wird gezeigt, in welchen typischen Schritten eine solche auf die chemische Reaktionstechnik gerichtete Verfahrensentwicklung verläuft. Wichtige Merkmale der Reaktion können schon im Laboratoriumsmaßstab untersucht werden. Solche Merkmale sind Wärmetönung, chemisches Gleichgewicht und Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit. Die Laboratoriumsversuche führten zu dem Ergebnis, daß eine mehrstufige Bodenkolonne, der am Kopf geschmolzenes Phthalsäureanhydrid und im Sumpf gasförmiges Ammoniak zugeführt wird, der geeignetste Reaktor sein würde. Ein Versuchsbetrieb nach diesem Prinzip in sehr kleinem Maßstab lieferte ein Urteil über die relative Bedeutung von Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und Stoffübergang. Aus den Ergebnissen des Versuchsbetriebes konnten alle wesentlichen Unterlagen zum Bau einer großtechnischen Anlage ermittelt werden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 10 (1976), S. 929-938 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The addition of up to 10 g gentamicin sulfate antibiotic powder to 60 g units of Simplex-P acrylic bone cement caused gradual, proportional decreases in the bulk mechanical properties of compressive and diametral tensile stengths. Water leaching of the antibiotic from the cement did not significantly decrease these strengths.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed the antibiotic to reside in the acrylic matrix as discrete particles not usually associated with internal porosity. The surface-sensitive flexural strength of a proprietary bone cement was lowered immediately by small quantities of antibiotic powder, and continued to decrease as doses of up to 10 g/unit were admixed. Water leaching caused channeling as the antibiotic was removed from the surface, but it did not create further changes in flexural strength.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Admixing of several antibiotic powders which were insoluble in methyl methacrylate did not decrease the compressive and diametral tensile strengths of two acrylic bone cements when tested after setting for 1 day and after leaching 40 days in water at 37°C. When antibiotics were added as water solutions, the included water resulted in a significant decrease in these bulk mechanical properties.Storage in water for 40 days caused surface irregularities only on specimens of the set antibiotic admixtures. Approximately 0.5% of the admixed dosage of these water-soluble antibiotics could be leached from the set cements. The observed surface channels, presumably left by the loss of antibiotic, suggest further study of surface-sensitive mechanical properties may be needed.The bulk mechanical strengths presented here are conclusive only for the particular combinations of antibiotics and cements investigated, and should not be generalized at this time to any or all antibiotic admixtures or other mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 14 (1976), S. 903-911 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal degradation of polyoxymethylene produced by the solid-state polymerization of trioxane crystals has been studied. Changes in small-angle and wide-angle x-ray patterns, weight loss, and density have been measured in specimens heated in air at 175°C, 185°C, and 195°C. The polyoxymethylene contained material in two different crystallographic orientations, which behaved differently. Material in the so-called “twin” orientation melted preferentially at 185°C and 195°C, and at 185°C resolidified on cooling in parallel to the main orientation, in a lamellar structure. At 195°C, randomly oriented material was produced on resolidification. At 175°C, there was no evidence of melting or the formation of a lamellar structure, but the twin material was preferentially degraded so that only material in the main orientation remained after a time of 1500 min. The more rapid loss by degradation of the twin material was attributed to its having a lower molecular weight than the material in the main orientation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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