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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (182)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (139)
  • AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • MATERIALS, METALLIC
  • 2010-2014  (81)
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  • 1995-1999  (253)
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  • 1970-1974  (177)
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  • 1974  (177)
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  • 2010-2014  (81)
  • 2005-2009  (45)
  • 1995-1999  (253)
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  • 1970-1974  (177)
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  • 1
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    A geochemical model for the formation of hydrothermal carbonates on Mars (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: It is often argued that substantially more carbon dioxide and water were degassed from the martian interior than can be found at present in the atmosphere, polar caps and regolith. Calculations have shown that atmospheric escape cannot account for all of the missing volatiles. Suggestions that carbon dioxide is stored as marine or lacustrine deposits, are challenged by Earth-based and spacecraft remote-sensing data. Moreover, recent modelling of the martian atmosphere suggests that rainfall or open bodies of water are in any case unlikely to have persisted for extended periods of time. Hydrothermal carbonates therefore provide a possible solution to this dilemma. Using an accessible terrestrial system (Iceland) as a guide to the underlying processes, and a host rock composition inferred from the least-altered martian meteorite, we present a geochemical model for the formation of carbonates in possible martian hydrothermal systems. Our results suggest that an extensive reservoir of carbonate minerals--equivalent to an atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide of at least one bar--could have been sequestered beneath the surface by widespread hydrothermal activity in the martian past.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); Volume 377; 6548; 406-8
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  • 2
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    BATSE observations of gamma-ray burst spectra. 2: Peak energy evolution in bright, long bursts (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We investigate spectral evolution in 37 bright, long gamma-ray bursts observed with the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) spectroscopy detectors. High-resolution spectra are chracterized by the energy of the peak of nu F(sub nu), and the evolution of this quantity is examined relative to the emission intensity. In most cases it is found that this peak energy either rises with or slightly precedes major intensity increases and softens for the remainder of the pulse. Interpulse emission is generally harder early in the burst. For bursts with multiple intensity pulses, later spikes tend to be softer than earlier ones, indicating that the energy of the peak of nu F(sub nu) is bounded by an envelope which decays with time. Evidence is found that bursts in which the bulk of the flux comes well after the event which triggers the instrument tend to show less peak energy variability and are not as hard as several bursts in which the emission occurs promptly after the trigger. Several recently proposed burst models are examined in light of these results and no qualitative conflicts with the observations presented here are found.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 439; 1; p. 307-321
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  • 3
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    Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Gas Release During the 2010 Apparition of Comet 103P/Hartley-2 (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report measurements of eight primary volatiles (H2O, HCN, CH4, C2H6, CH3OH, C2H2, H2CO, and NH3) and two product species (OH and NH2) in comet 103P/Hartley-2 using high dispersion infrared spectroscopy. We present production rates for individual volatiles species, their mixing ratios relative to water, and their spatial distributions in the coma on multiple dates that span the interval Sept. - Dec. 2010. The production rates vary strongly with nucleus rotation, but the mixing ratios remain constant throughout the campaign. The released primary volatiles exhibit diverse spatial properties which favor the presence of separate polar and apolar ice phases in the nucleus, establish dust and gas release from icy clumps (and also, directly from the nucleus), and provide insights into the driver for the cyanogen (CN) polar jet.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC.OVPR.4972.2011 , 43rd Annual DPS Meeting; Oct 02, 2011 - Oct 07, 2011; Nantes; France
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  • 4
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    A magnetic bubble domain flight recorder (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A feasibility model of an all-electronic bubble memory system has been constructed. It uses a small 60k bit bubble recorder consisting of 6 chips of 10k bits each mounted in three separate packages operating as a FIFO at a 150 KHz bubble data rate. In addition to serving as a direct tape recorder replacement, the bubble recorder can be programmed for random access to each individual chip for ranom block access operation or for self-checking or by-passing any malfunctioning memory chip. Read and write operations can be performed asynchronously from very low frequency up to basic recording field frequency. A large 50M bit prototype is planned.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 5
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    A new magnetic spectrometer system for cosmic ray studies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The balloon flight prototype or a cosmic ray superconducting magnet experiment designed for operation on the Space Shuttle is described. The physical and operating parameters of the scintillation, Cerenkov, emulsion and multiwire proportional counters used in the system for charge and rigidity measurements is given as well as the on-board data handling procedures.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 17, 1973 - Aug 30, 1973; Denver, CO
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  • 6
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    The unusual helium variable AM Canum Venaticorum (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The unusual variable star AM CVn has puzzled astronomers for over 40 years. This object, both a photometric and spectroscopic variable, is believed to contain a pair of hydrogen-deficient white dwarfs of extreme mass ratio, transferring material via an accretion disk. We examine the photometric properties of AM CVn, analyzing 289 hours of high-speed photometric data spanning 1976 to 1992. The power spectrum displays significant peaks at 988.7, 1248.8, 1902.5, 2853.8, 3805.2, 4756.5, and 5707.8 microHz (1011.4, 800.8, 525.6, 350.4, 262.8, 210.2, and 175.2 s). We find no detectable power at 951.3 microHz (1051 s), the previously reported main frequency. The 1902.5, 2853.9, and 3805.2 microHz peaks are multiplets, with frequency splitting in each case of 20.77 +/- 0.05 microHz. The 1902.5 microHz seasonal pulse shapes are identical, within measurement noise, and maintain the same amplitude and phase as a function of color. We have determined the dominant frequency to be 1902.50902 +/- 0.00001 microHz with dot P = +1.71 (+/- 0.04) x 10(exp -11) s/s. We discuss the implications of these findings on a model for AM CVn.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 445; 2; p. 927-938
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  • 7
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    Chromospheric variations in main-sequence stars (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The fluxes in passbands 0.1 nm wide and centered on the Ca II H and K emission cores have been monitored in 111 stars of spectral type F2-M2 on or near the main sequence in a continuation of an observing program started by O. C. Wilson. Most of the measurements began in 1966, with observations scheduled monthly until 1980, when observations were schedueld sevral times per week. The records, with a long-term precision of about 1.5%, display fluctuations that can be idntified with variations on timescales similar to the 11 yr cycle of solar activity as well as axial rotation, and the growth and decay of emitting regions. We present the records of chromospheric emission and general conclusions about variations in surface magnetic activity on timescales greater than 1 yr but less than a few decades. The results for stars of spectral type G0-K5 V indicate a pattern of change in rotation and chromospheric activity on an evolutionary timescale, in which (1) young stars exhibit high average levels of activity, rapid rotation rates, no Maunder minimum phase and rarely display a smooth, cyclic variation; (2) stars of intermediate age (approximately 1-2 Gyr for 1 solar mass) have moderate levels of activity and rotation rates, and occasional smooth cycles; and (3) stars as old as the Sun and older have slower rotation rates, lower activity levels and smooth cycles with occasional Maunder minimum-phases.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 438; 1; p. 269-287
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  • 8
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    A multiwire proportional counter system for high energy astrophysics (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Resolution tests of multiwire proportional counter delay line readout systems are reported. The system is being developed at NASA/JSC for use in a large balloon borne magnet spectrometer. The system is ultimately intended for use in Space Shuttle missions. Tests of two different types of delay line and associated electronics carried out in minimum ionizing particle beams (accelerator and sea level cosmic ray) are reported. Resolution performance is shown to be strongly dependent on type of gas mixture and in the case of inclined events upon the propagation velocity of the delay line. The resolution performance achieved for magic gas chamber filling (100 um at normal incidence) is far superior to any other state of the art technique capable of being applied to large geometry factor systems.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 17, 1973 - Aug 30, 1973; Denver, CO
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  • 9
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    Characterization and Petrologic Interpretation of Olivine-Rich Basalts at Gusev Crater, Mars (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Rocks on the floor of Gusev crater are basalts of uniform composition and mineralogy. Olivine, the only mineral to have been identified or inferred from data by all instruments on the Spirit rover, is especially abundant in these rocks. These picritic basalts are similar in many respects to certain Martian meteorites (olivine-phyric shergottites). The olivine megacrysts in both have intermediate compositions, with modal abundances ranging up to 20-30%. Associated minerals in both include low-calcium and high-calcium pyroxenes, plagioclase of intermediate composition, iron-titanium-chromium oxides, and phosphate. These rocks also share minor element trends, reflected in their nickel-magnesium and chromium-magnesium ratios. Gusev basalts and shergottites appear to have formed from primitive magmas produced by melting an undepleted mantle at depth and erupted without significant fractionation. However, apparent differences between Gusev rocks and shergottites in their ages, plagioclase abundances, and volatile contents preclude direct correlation. Orbital determinations of global olivine distribution and compositions by thermal emission spectroscopy suggest that olivine-rich rocks may be widespread. Because weathering under acidic conditions preferentially attacks olivine and disguises such rocks beneath alteration rinds, picritic basalts formed from primitive magmas may even be a common component of the Martian crust formed during ancient and recent times.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 10
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    The Ganymede Interior Structure, and Magnetosphere Observer (GISMO) Mission Concept (2011)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The NASA Planetary Science Summer School (PSSS) at JPL offers graduate students and young professionals a unique opportunity to learn about the mission design process. Program participants select and design a mission based on a recent NASA Science Mission Directorate Announcement of Opportunity (AO). Starting with the AO, in this case the 2009 New Frontiers AO, participants generate a set of science goals and develop a early mission concept to accomplish those goals within the constraints provided. As part of the 2010 NASA PSSS, the Ganymede Interior, Surface, and Magnetosphere Observer (GISMO) team developed a preliminary satellite design for a science mission to Jupiter's moon Ganymede. The science goals for this design focused on studying the icy moon's magnetosphere, internal structure, surface composition, geological processes, and atmosphere. By the completion of the summer school an instrument payload was selected and the necessary mission requirements were developed to deliver a spacecraft to Ganymede that would accomplish the defined science goals. This poster will discuss those science goals, the proposed spacecraft and the proposed mission design of this New Frontiers class Ganymede observer.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 07, 2011 - Mar 11, 2011; The Woodlands, TX; United States
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