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  • GEOPHYSICS  (50)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (34)
  • 1990-1994  (72)
  • 1970-1974  (12)
  • 1993  (33)
  • 1990  (39)
  • 1974  (12)
  • 1
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    HALOE Antarctic observations in the spring of 1991 (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: HALOE observations of O3, CH4, HF, H2O, NO, NO2, and HCl collected during the October 1991 Antarctic spring period are reported. The data show a constant CH4 mixing ratio of about 0.25 ppmv for the altitude range from 65 km down to about 25 km at the position of minimum wind speed in the vortex: i.e., the vortex center, and depressions in pressure versus longitude contours of NO, NO2, HF, and HCl in this same region. Water vapor, HF, and HCl enhancement are also observed in the vortex center region above about 25 km. Between 10 and 20 km, the expected mixing ratio signatures exist within the vortex, i.e., low ozone and dehydration. The water vapor increased by 50 percent, and the ozone level doubled inside the vortex between October 11 and 24 in the 15-20 km layer. These changes imply a time constant for recovery from ozone hole conditions of 19 and 30 days for O3 and H2O, respectively. The data further show the presence of air inside the vortex between 3 and 30 mb which has mixing ratios characteristic of midlatitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 8; p. 719-722.
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Observations of aerosol by the HALOE experiment onboard UARS - A preliminary validation (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The HALOE experiment measures vertical profiles of aerosol extinction at five infrared wavelengths. Four of these observations are obtained using a combination of gas filter and broadband radiometer measurements in bands of HF, HCl, CH4, and NO centered at wavelengths of 2.45, 3.40, 3.45, and 5.26 microns, respectively. The fifth is obtained using broadband radiometer measurements of CO2 transmission at 2.79 microns. Error analysis shows that the random extinction uncertainties are generally less than 10 percent in the aerosol layer, increasing to over 20 percent at the profile tops. HALOE spectral extinction measurements are shown to be consistent with predicted spectral extinction for stratospheric sulfate aerosol. Profile comparisons between HALOE and independent sources result in generally good agreement in the shape and magnitude of peak extinction and the altitude where the peak extinction occurs. In addition, global aerosol distributions obtained from the data are consistent with expected aerosol morphology. Although the validation is preliminary, the HALOE aerosol data appear to be of excellent quality and to accurately represent optical characteristics and distribution of the aerosols.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 12; p. 1291-1294.
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    The Halogen Occultation Experiment (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) uses solar occultation to measure vertical profiles of O3, HCl, HF, CH4, H2O, NO, NO2, aerosol extinction, and temperature versus pressure with an instantaneous vertical field of view of 1.6 km at the earth limb. Latitudinal coverage is from 80 deg S to 80 deg N over the course of 1 year and includes extensive observations of the Antarctic region during spring. The altitude range of the measurements extends from about 15 km to about 60-130 km, depending on channel. Experiment operations have been essentially flawless, and all performance criteria either meet or exceed specifications. Internal data consistency checks, comparisons with correlative measurements, and qualitative comparisons with 1985 atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy (ATMOS) results are in good agreement. Examples of pressure versus latitude cross sections and a global orthographic projection for the September 21 to October 15, 1992, period show the utility of CH4, HF, and H2O as tracers, the occurrence of dehydration in the Antarctic lower stratosphere, the presence of the water vapor hygropause in the tropics, evidence of Antarctic air in the tropics, the influence of Hadley tropical upwelling, and the first global distribution of HCl, HF, and NO throughout the stratosphere. Nitric oxide measurements extend through the lower thermosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; D6; p. 10,777-10,797.
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  • 4
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    Heterogeneous reaction probabilities, solubilities, and the physical state of cold volcanic aerosols (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: On 19 January 1992, heterogeneous loss of HNO3, ClNO3, and HCl was observed in part of the Mount Pinatubo volcanic cloud that had cooled as a result of forced ascent. Portions of the volcanic cloud froze near 191 kelvin. The reaction probability of ClNO3 and the solubility of HNO3 were close to laboratory measurements on liquid sulfuric acid. The magnitude of the observed loss of HCl suggests that it underwent a heterogeneous reaction. Such reactions could lead to substantial loss of HCl on background sulfuric acid particles and so be important for polar ozone loss.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 261; 5125; p. 1136-1140.
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Small-scale plasma, magnetic, and neutral density fluctuations in the nightside Venus atmosphere (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The evolution of the Venus small-scale waves as they propagate into the nightsite is examined, and the small-scale structures are compared with the waves in the three components of the magnetic field, magnetic dip angle, and neutral density. It is demonstrated that the small-scale fluctuations evolve between the transterminator and antisolar regions. It is shown that atmospheric gravity waves may also be producing some of the fluctuations observed at longer wavelengths. The electron temperature and density are shown to be approximately 180 deg out of phase and exhibiting the highest correlation of any pair of variables. Waves in the electron and neutral densities are found to be correlated moderately on most orbits, while the average electron temperature is higher when the average magnetic field is more horizontal.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 4085-410
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Calibration correction of an active scattering spectrometer probe to account for refractive index of stratospheric aerosols (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The use of the active scattering spectrometer probe (ASAS-X) to measure sulfuric acid aerosols on U-2 and ER-2 research aircraft has yielded results that are at times ambiguous due to the dependence of particles' optical signatures on refractive index as well as physical dimensions. The calibration correction of the ASAS-X optical spectrometer probe for stratospheric aerosol studies is validated through an independent and simultaneous sampling of the particles with impactors; sizing and counting of particles on SEM images yields total particle areas and volumes. Upon correction of calibration in light of these data, spectrometer results averaged over four size distributions are found to agree with similarly averaged impactor results to within a few percent: indicating that the optical properties or chemical composition of the sample aerosol must be known in order to achieve accurate optical aerosol spectrometer size analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Aerosol Science and Technology (ISSN 0278-6826); 12; 992-1002
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    The electron edge of the low latitude boundary layer during accelerated flow events (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Magnetosheath plasma entering the earth's magnetosphere to populate the low latitude boundary layer, LLBL, is often accelerated to speeds considerably greater than are observed in the adjacent magnetosheath. Measurements made during such accelerated flow events reveal separate electron and ion edges to the LLBL, with the electron edge being found earthward of the ion edge. Plasma electron velocity distributions observed at the earthward edge of the LLBL are often highly structured, exhibiting large asymmetries parallel and antiparallel, as well as perpendicular, to the local magnetic field. These features can consistently be interpreted as time-of-flight effects on recently reconnected field lines, and thus are strong evidence in support of the reconnection interpretation of accelerated plasma flow events.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 1833-183
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Cold ion beams in the low latitude boundary layer during accelerated flow events (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Measurements made with the Fast Plasma Experiment on ISEE 1 and 2 reveal that accelerated beams of cold (1-30 eV for H/+/) ions are present sporadically on reconnected field lines within the low latitude boundary layer (LLBI). H(+) normally is the major constituent of these beams, but He(+) and O(+) are also occasionally detected in variable concentrations. Because of the low temperatures and the compositional makeup of these beams, the ionosphere must ultimately be the source of these ions. Observed beam speeds (between 120 and 250 km/s) are always less than that of the magnetosheath ions which penetrate into the LLBL on reconnected field lines, but both ion populations share the same E x B convective drift. Analysis reveals that reflection at the magnetopause cannot be the mechanism accelerating these ions. A more likely possibility is that the ions are accelerated primarily by the large transverse drift of recently reconnected field lines.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 2245-224
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    International Jupiter Watch - A program to study the time variability of the Jovian system (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The International Jupiter Watch is a program for the encouragement and coordination of the study of temporal variations in the Jovian system. It consists of six discipline working groups concerned with: the Io torus under N. Schneider; the Jovian atmosphere under R. West; the magnetosphere and radio emissions under I. de Peter and M. Klein; aurora under J. Caldwell; the Galilean satellites under W. Sinton and J. Goguen; and laboratory measurement and theory under B. Lutz. To date the IJW has held two workshops and selected several Jupiter Watch periods for coordinated observations. The next Jupiter Watch workshop is tentatively scheduled for 1990 in association with the next COSPAR meeting.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 10; 1, 19
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    An interim reference model for the variability of the middle atmosphere water vapor distribution (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A reference model for the middle atmosphere water vapor distribution for some latitudes and seasons was developed using two data sets. One is the seven months of Nimbus LIMS data obtained during November 1978 to May 1979 over the range 64 deg S - 84 deg N latitude and from about 100-mb to 1-mb altitude, and the other is represented by water vapor profiles from 0.2 mb to 0.01 mb in the mid-mesosphere, measured on ground at several fixed mid-latitude sites in the Northern Hemisphere, using microwave-emission techniques. This model provides an interim water vapor profile for the entire vertical range of the middle atmosphere, with accuracies of better than 25 percent. The daily variability of stratospheric water vapor profiles about the monthly mean is demonstrated, and information is provided on the longitudinal variability of LIMS water vapor profiles about the daily, weekly, and monthly zonal means.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 10; 6, 19
    Format: text
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