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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (384)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (380)
  • SPACE VEHICLES
  • 1990-1994  (618)
  • 1970-1974  (187)
  • 1992  (338)
  • 1990  (280)
  • 1974  (187)
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  • 1990-1994  (618)
  • 1970-1974  (187)
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  • 1
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    Temperature emission spectrum of exoelectrons of lunar regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Thermostimulated exoelectronic emission of eight fragments of regolith returned by the Soviet Luna 16 automatic station was studied. The nature of the exoemission glove-curves was determined by particle type. Fragments of breccia, sinter, slag, anorthosite, glass plate, and leucocratic gabbro after the first heating disclosed a single exoemission maximum, whose temperature position is in the range 115 to 200 C. The data obtained indicate the complex and inhomogeneous energy structure of some regolith fragments. The presence of surface states capable of forming sorptive bonds can be assumed for most particles. The exoemission of anorthosite, olivine, and the glass spherule is due to the presence of formation defects at their surfaces.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 528-537
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  • 2
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    Exoelectronic emission of particles of lunar surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A secondary electron multiplier was used to study the thermostimulated exoelectronic emission of particles of lunar surface material returned by the Soviet Luna 16 automatic station. The natural exoemission from fragments of slag, glass, anorthosite, and a metallic particle was recorded in the isochronic and isothermal thermostimulation regimes. The temperature of emission onset depended on the type of regolith fragment. For the first three particles the isothermal drop in emission is described by first-order kinetic equations. For the anorthosite fragment, exoemission at constant temperature is characterized by a symmetric curve with a maximum. These data indicate the presence of active surface defects, whose nature can be due to the prehistory of the particles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 521-527
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  • 3
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    Some results of track method of investigating Luna 16 lunar material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Preliminary data from an investigation of tracks in olivine crystals, separated from the five zones of a lunar surface material core, are reported. The gradients of track densities, their lengths, and their angular distribution were measured with an optical microscope. Throughout the core depth (35 cm) crystals bearing traces of exposure to low energy solar cosmic rays were found, indicating the occurrence of mixing processes in the surficial layer of lunar surface material. The age of the occurrence of the samples investigated on the lunar surface, calculated from the track density, is in the interval 0.7 to 16 million years.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 379-387
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  • 4
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    Stardust: Studies in microgravity of condensation and agglomeration of cosmic dust analogue (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: A short description of the program Stardust whose goal is to study the formation and properties of high temperature particles and gases, including silicate and carbonaceous materials, that are of interest in astrophysics and planetary science, is given. The international program was carried out in microgravity conditions in parabolic flight. A description of the laboratory equipment, conceived to perform experimental tests in reduced gravity conditions, and which is based on the gas evaporation technique, is given. The gas evaporation technique utilizes one or more heated crucible to vaporize solids materials (SiO, Mg) in a low pressure of inert or reactive gas inside of a vacuum bell jar. The vapor pressures of the materials are controlled by the temperature of the crucibles. The temperature and pressure of inert gas are also controlled. By varying the vapor pressure relative to the gas temperature and pressure, the conditions for substantial grain condensation can be controlled and grain formation measured using light scattering techniques. Thus the partial pressure for grain condensation, can be measured as a function of temperature. The gas evaporation technique has the advantage that complex chemical systems can be studied by using multiple crucibles each containing solid source material. Experimental results and future trends are addressed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ESA, Environment Observation and Climate Modelling Through International Space Projects. Columbus Eight (COSY-8): Utilisation of Earth Orbiting Laboratories; p 325-329
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  • 5
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    Cosmic dust analogue material condensation in microgravity: The Stardust programme - First results and future activities (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Initial results are presented from airborne experiments investigating the vapor phase condensation in microgravity, carried out in the framework of the Stardust international program. Special attention is given to the design and operation of the experimental equipment, which includes the furnace for producing vapors from different materials and the cloud chamber in which the vapor nucleation occurs. A two-part mathematical model was developed to describe the transport processes in the nucleation chamber. Results obtained from three experimental series were conducted with Mg and Zn aboard NASA's KC-135 reduced-gravity research aircraft showed that nucleation front (smoke cloud) was quite different in appearance in microgravity from that typically observed at 1-g condition. The Mg and Zn particles exhibited significant differences in shape; there was some evidence of coagulation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: IAF PAPER 92-0933
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  • 6
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    Mineralogy, petrology, and chemistry of basalt fragments returned by Luna 16 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mineralogical, petrological, and chemical analyses, along with Rb-Sr age and Ar-40/Ar-39 measurements, were carried out with the B-1 sample returned from the Luna 16 mission. The sample, weighing 62 mg, is a fine-grain basalt of ophitic structure. It differs from the Apollo samples in that the pyroxene and plagioclass contents are almost identical, and the ilmenite content (7%) lies between those of the Apollo-11 and Apollo-12 samples. Chemically, it is characterized by a high Sr content and a high K/U ratio.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 7
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    Volatile and siderophilic trace elements in the soils and rocks of Taurus-Littrow (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Data are reported on 22 elements determined on 11 soils, one soil breccia, and two crystalline rocks from the Apollo 17 Taurus-Littrow landing site. The elements determined include the siderophilic elements Ni, Ge, Ir, and Au. The volatile elements considered include Na, Zn, Cd, and In. Attention is given to the extralunar component in soils and breccias, the orange-glass component in soils and breccias, and the labile elements in lunar soils.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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  • 8
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    Plasma wave observations at Neptune (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Phenomena detected by the plasma wave instrument during the Voyager 2 flyby of Neptune are reviewed. Particular attention given to radio emissions, electron plasma oscillations in the solar wind upstream of the bow shock, electrostatic electron cyclotron waves and upper hybrid resonance (UHR) waves, whistler mode noise, and dust impacts. The radio emissions which occur in a broad range of about 5 to 50 kHz are considered to be generated by mode conversion from UHR waves at the magnetic equator. The inner magnetosphere has relatively low plasma wave intensities (less than 100 microV/m). Many small micron-sized dust particles which were detected striking the spacecraft had the maximum impact rate of about 280 impacts per sec at the bound ring plane crossing, and about 110 impacts per sec at the outbound ring plane crossing. Most of the particles were concentrated in a dense disk, about one thousand km thick, near the equatorial plane.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 12; 11
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  • 9
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    A radio optical reference frame. III - Additional radio and optical positions in the Southern Hemisphere (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Radio and optical positions are presented for southern hemisphere extragalactic sources from the Parkes 2.7 GHz survey. Sixty-one sources were observed with Mark III VLBI at 8.4 GHz between Tidbinbilla, Australia, and Hartebeesthoek, South Africa. The results presented are part of the effort to establish a global reference frame of 400 extragalactic radio sources. Radio positions with about 10 milliarcsec errors have been estimated for 39 sources not previously in the present radio reference frame catalog, and provisional positions were obtained for two additional sources, bringing the total number of catalog sources to 276. The principal source of error is the uncalibrated ionosphere. Of the remaining sources five were completely undetected, six were either too faint or too resolved, and nine had previous catalog positions. Optical positions on the FK5 system have also been measured for four southern sources using prime focus plates from the Anglo-Australian 4 m telescope with an accuracy of 0.06 arcsec. This raises to 40 the number of radio sources with accurately measured positions for their optical counterparts.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 103; 6 Ju
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  • 10
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    Impact craters on Venus: An overview from Magellan observations (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Magellan has revealed an ensemble of impact craters on Venus that is unique in many important ways. We have compiled a database describing 842 craters on 89 percent of the planet's surface mapped through orbit 2578 (the craters range in diameter from 1.5 to 280 km). We have studied the distribution, size-frequency, morphology, and geology of these craters both in aggregate and, for some craters, in more detail. We have found the following: (1) the spatial distribution of craters is highly uniform; (2) the size-density distribution of craters with diameters greater than or equal to 35 km is consistent with a 'production' population having a surprisingly young age of about 0.5 Ga (based on the estimated population of Venus-crossing asteroids); (3) the spectrum of crater modification differs greatly from that on other planets--62 percent of all craters are pristine, only 4 percent volcanically embayed, and the remainder affected by tectonism, but none are severely and progressively depleted based on size-density distribution extrapolated from larger craters; (4) large craters have a progression of morphologies generally similar to those on other planets, but small craters are typically irregular or multiple rather than bowl shaped; (5) diffuse radar-bright or -dark features surround some craters, and about 370 similar diffuse 'splotches' with no central crater are observed whose size-density distribution is similar to that of small craters; and (6) other features unique to Venus include radar-bright or -dark parabolic arcs opening westward and extensive outflows originating in crater ejecta.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Papers Presented to the International Colloquium on Venus; p 100-101
    Format: application/pdf
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