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  • Chemistry  (14)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • 1990-1994
  • 1970-1974  (15)
  • 1972  (15)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1990-1994
  • 1970-1974  (15)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 761-779 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temperature dependence of the circular dichroism and ultraviolet absorbance of calf thymus DNA and poly dAT were measured in aqueous solutions of various 1-1 electrolytes. Although there was very little change in absorbance, the circular dichroism changed dramatically as a function of both temperature and solvent. There is a correlation of the heat of hydration of the cation and the magnitude of the temperature dependence of the circular dichroism. Our results are interpreted in terms of a large number (possibly a continuum) of intermediate secondary structures.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 94-101 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of heat transfer (and, by analogy, mass transfer) between immiscible fluids in laminar parallel flow is analyzed as a conjugated boundary value problem. Exact solutions are developed in terms of known functions by solving for the temperature fields in the two phases separately for constant boundary conditions, then generalizing the results to obtain solutions for the interfacial temperature distribution and the complete temperature field for the conjugated system. The analysis and the results of calculations for heat transfer between two immiscible films flowing down an adiabatic inclined plane are presented. It is shown that axial conduction can be included, and the effects of axial conduction in one stream are examined. The predicted Nusselt numbers are plotted versus axial position for various parameters, and the interfacial temperatures and mixed mean fluid temperatures for the two phases are plotted to elucidate the heat transfer characteristics.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1257-1260 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 663-665 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 152 (1972), S. 121-132 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Bildung von Copolymeren durch Reaktion von α-Methylstyrol (M) in Tetrahydrofuran mit Lithium in Gegenwart von Dihalogenalkanen (RX2) wird beschrieben. Der Einfluß der experimentellen Parameter auf die Struktur der Copolymeren wird untersucht, wobei das Dihalogenid durch das entsprechende Monohalogenid ersetzt ist. Die Untersuchung beschränkt sich auf n-Alkylbromide. Die relativen Mengen an HR-RH und HRMnRH mit n = 1, 2 und 3 wurden gaschromatographisch bestimmt. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Reaktion diffusionkontrolliert abläuft und daß die Geschwindigkeit der Lithium-oberfläche proportional ist. Bei einem molaren Ausgangsverhältnis von Monomerem zu Monohalogenid von 1 : 1 (entsprechend einem Verhältnis von 2 : 1 für das SystemMonomeres/Dihalogenid) wurden ca. 90% HRM2RH gefunden. Dies zeigt, daß unter den gegebenen Bedingungen ein sehr einheitliches Copolymeres mit der vorherrschenden Sequenz [M-M-R] entsteht. Das System ist sehr empfindlich gegenüber einer Änderung des Ausgangsverhältnisses der Komponenten. Geringe Abweichungen vom molaren Verhältnis 1 : 1 bewirken eine starke Verringerung der Ausbeute an Dimeren.
    Notes: The title polymerisation involves the reaction in tetrahydrofuran of α-methylstyrene (M) with lithium in the presence of an alkyl dihalide (RX2) to form copolymers. This paper describes a method of studying the effect of changing the experimental parameters on the structure of these copolymers by replacing the dihalide with the corresponding monohalide (HRX). The study is confined to n-alkyl bromides and the relative amounts of the molecules HR-RH and HRMnRH (where n = 1, 2, and 3) have been determined by g.l.c. By this means it is shown that the reaction is diffusion controlled and the rate proportional to lithium surface area. At 1 : 1 monomer : monohalide stoichiometry (equivalent to 2 : 1 monomer : dihalide in the polymer system) the product is ∼ 90% HRM2RH indicating that the copolymer under these conditions is highly regular with the repeat unit [M-M-R] predominating. The system is extremely sensitive to the reactant ratio and small deviations from stoichiometry result in significant reductions in dimer yield.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Darstellung von Copolymeren durch Reaktion von α-Methylstyrol (M) in Tetrahydrofuran mit Lithium in Gegenwart von Dihalogenalkanen (RX2) wird untersucht. Die Verwendung von Monohalogenalkanen (RX) führt zu kleinen Molekülen, deren Mengenverhältnisse über den Polymerisationsprozeß und die Struktur der Copolymeren Aufschluß geben. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Ergebnisse bei Verwendung von n-Alkyljodiden, -chloriden und sec- und tert-Bromiden.n-Alkyljodide verhalten sich ähnlich wie n-Alkylbromide (Teil I). Beim molaren Verhältnis 1 : 1 von Monomeren: Halogenid wird das Dimere HRM2RH in hohen Ausbeuten erhalten. n-Alkylchloride dagegen geben zahlreiche zusätzliche Produkte unter diesen Bedingungen. Die Analyse ihrer Struktur zeigte, daß sie durch Reaktion mit n-Alkyllithium entstehen, das seinerseits durch Reaktion des n-Alkylchlorids mit Lithium gebildet wird. Das unterschiedliche Reaktionsverhalten der Halogenide wird durch die relativ hohe Bindungsstärke der C-Cl-Bindung erklärt. Hieraus folgt, daß Copolymere, die mit Dichloriden als einer Komponente dargestellt werden, weniger einheitlich aufgebaut sind als solche, die aus Dibromiden gewonnen werden. sec- und tert-Bromide führen ebenfalls zu sahlreichen Produkten bei äquimolarem Umsatz mit α-Methylstyrol. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß dies auf die β-Elirninierung von Wasserstoff zurückzuführen ist. Bei tert-Bromiden tritt die Wasserstoff-Eliminierung am deutlichsten auf, die zu 60% für den Abbruch des Dimeren verantwortlich ist.
    Notes: The title polymerisation involves the reaction in tetrahydrofuran of α-methylstyrene (M) with lithium in the presence of an alkyl dihalide (RX2) to form copolymers. Replacement of the dihalide by the analogous monohalide RX gives small molecules, the relative amounts of which furnish information on the polymerisation process and the resulting structures of the copolymers. This paper describes the use of n-alkyl iodides and chlorides, and sec- and tert-bromides in this regard.n-Alkyl iodides were found to behave in a similar manner to n-alkyl bromides (Part I) with high yields of the dimer HRM2RH being obtained at 1 : 1 M stoichiometry. On the other hand, n-alkyl chlorides gave a variety of additional products under these conditions and a structural analysis of these materials showed that they resulted from reactions involving n-alkyl lithium which was formed by the chloride reacting directly with the lithium. This difference in behaviour is explained in terms of the high strength of the carbon-chlorine bond and implies that copolymers prepared with dichlorides are less regular than those obtained with dibromides.sec- and tert-bromides also gave a variety of products at equimolar stoichiometry and this was shown to be due to the β-hydrogen elimination reaction becoming significant. Elimination was most prominent with the tert-bromides, accounting for about 60% of der termination reaction of the dimer.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The degradation and biocompatibility of seveal commercially available glasses, glass-ceramics, and ceramics have been evaluated in soft tissue. Tissue compatibility was investigated by histological and toxicological determinations. Materials degration was evaluated by weight loss and surface replica electron microscopic techniques. High lead and arsenic-selenium-sulfur glasses are found to be unsuitable materials for implantation due to high corrosion and toxicity. Certain borosilicate glasses are also found unacceptable because of severe corrosion. Fused quartz, aluminosilicates, certain borosilicates, alkali resistant glass, soda-lime glass, titania frit, arsenic trisulfide, lithium and magnesium aluminosilicate, glass-ceramics, and calcium-fluorapatite all appear to be well tolerated and seem acceptable for soft tissue implantation on the basis of the present data. Because of the lack of sensitivity of weight change as a parameter to measure low corrosion rates, we have no data on which to estimate the actual corrosion rate. The detailed changes in surface structurte produced during the corrosion process only provide information about the corrosion mechanism and may not be correlated with the corrosion rate. A more sensitive method to study low corrosion rates in glasses may be to use radioactive tracer techniques to measure the loss in radioactivity of glasses when implanted in the peritoneal cavity rather than subcutaneously.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 4 (1972), S. 367-382 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence technique has been used to measure the reaction of ground-state sulfur atoms with molecular oxygen as a function of both temperature and total pressure. The most suitable source of S(3P) for this study was found to be COS in the presence of CO2, as a diluent gas and with the photolysis flash filtered so as to remove all radiation of wavelengths below 1650 Å. Under these conditions, it was found that over the temperature range of 252-423°K the rate data could be fit to a simple Arrhenius-type equation of the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$k_1 = (2.24 \pm 0.27) \times 10^{ - 12} {\rm exp}\left({\frac{{{\rm - 0}{\rm .00} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .10 kcal/mole}}}{{RT}}} \right)$$\end{document} Units are cm3 molec-1 s-1. The small A-factor for this reaction, the lack of any pressure dependence, and the direct observation of the production of O(3P) with increasing reaction time suggest that the S(3P) atom attacks the O2(3Σ) molecule end-on forming SOO which rapidly falls apart to form SO (3Σ) and O(3P).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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