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  • Copernicus  (10)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (5)
  • 2010-2014  (10)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964  (5)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
  • 2011  (10)
  • 1964  (5)
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  • 2010-2014  (10)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964  (5)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über einige zweikernige Heterocyclen (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 76 (1964), S. 615-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.196407613163
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thiolyse von Sulfurylchlorid (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 330 (1964), S. 130-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of hydrogen sulfide with sulfuryl chloride in the ratio 2:1 leads in benzene solution to hydrogen chloride, water, sulfur, and disulfur monoxide, S2O, which is surprisingly stable under the prevailing conditions. The reaction of sulfuryl chloride with liquid hydrogen sulfide leads to the formation of sulfanes and chlorosulfanes, respectively, besides other products, depending on the molar ratio H2S:SO2Cl2.
    Notes: Schwefelwasserstoff reagiert mit Sulfurylchlorid beim molaren Einsatz 2:1 in benzolischer Lösung unter Bildung von Chlorwasserstoff, Wasser, Schwefel und Dischwefelmonoxid S2O, das unter den herrschenden Reaktionsbedingungen überraschend stabil ist. Mit flüssigem Schwefelwasserstoff bildet SO2Cl2 im Unterschuß u. a. Sulfane, im Überschuß Chlorsulfane.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19643300304
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Versuche zur Trennung von Sulfan-disulfonaten mit Hilfe von Anionenaustauschern (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 330 (1964), S. 188-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The separation of sulfane-disulfonates, sulfite and thiosulfate by anion-exchangers has been studied. Whereas K2S6O6 is decomposed on the column, the salts K2S3O6, K2S4O6 and K2S5O6 may be separated quantitatively.
    Notes: Die Trennung von Sulfan-disulfonaten, Sulfit und Thiosulfat mit Anionenaustauschern wird untersucht. Während K2S6O6 auf der Säule zu rasch zerfällt, lassen sich die Salze K2S3O6, K2S4O6 und K2S5O6 quantitativ voneinander trennen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19643300311
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Reaktion von Jodwasserstoff mit elementarem Schwefel (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 330 (1964), S. 122-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction S + 2 HJ → H2S + J2 of S8 solutions in CCl4 is very slow, but is accelerated very much in the case of S6 or Sx* (formed by splitting of S8 rings under the influence of light). A simultaneous determination of content and oxidation state of sulfur in mixtures of sulfur compounds with elemental sulfur by the “HJ method” therefore is only possible if the elemental sulfur is present in the S8 form and if the violet and ultraviolet part of the spectrum is excluded during the experiment.
    Notes: In CCl4 gelöster S8-Schwefel reagiert mit HJ nur sehr langsam nach S + 2 HJ → H2S + J2. Diese Reaktion verläuft dagegen mit S6 bzw. mit den durch Lichteinfluß erzeugten Spaltprodukt des S8-Ringes, Sx*, rasch, weshalb die „Jodwasserstoffmethode“ zur Ermittlung des Gehaltes und der Oxydationsstufe von Schwefel in Gemischen des Elementes mit seinen Verbindungen nur dann anwendbar ist, wenn unter Ausschluß des violetten und ultravioletten Anteils des Spektrums gearbeitet wird und der elementare Schwefel in seiner energieärmsten Form, also als S8-Molekel, vorliegt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19643300303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Identität der aus Thioschwefelsäure mit Dichlordisulfan und aus Thioschwefelsäure mit salpetriger Säure hergestellten Tetrasulfandisulfonate und zur Existenz eines „Saueren“ Tetrasulfan-disulfonats (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 330 (1964), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The product prepared following the method of GOEHRING and FELDMANN from H2S2O3 and S2Cl2 is not a „spectrum“ of different salts as stated by WEITZ and BECKER, but really K2S6O6, which is also prepared from H2S2O3 and HNO2. Tetrasulfane-disulfonate does not only exist in the neutral form K2S6O6, but also in a „acid“ form with a part of the potassium - nonstoichiometrically - replaced by H+. The two forms have different shape and X-ray spectra.
    Notes: Bei dem nach GOEHRING und FELDMANN aus H2S2O3 und S2Cl2 dargestellten Produkt handelt es sich nicht, wie von WEITZ und BECKER angegeben, um ein „Spektrum“ verschiedener Salze, sondern um einheitliches K2S6O6, wie es auch aus H2S2O3 und HNO2 erhalten wird. Tetrasulfan-disulfonat existiert neben der neutralen Form K2S6O6 noch in einer „saueren“ Form, bei der ein Teil des Kaliums - nichtstöchiometrisch - durch H+ ersetzt ist. Die beiden Formen unterscheiden sich in Aussehen und Röntgenspektrum voneinander.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19643300310
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  • 6
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    Source attribution of the changes in atmospheric methane for 2006–2008 (2011)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-20
    Description: The recent increase of atmospheric methane is investigated by using two atmospheric inversions to quantify the distribution of sources and sinks for the 2006–2008 period, and a process-based model of methane emissions by natural wetland ecosystems. Methane emissions derived from the two inversions are consistent at a global scale: emissions are decreased in 2006 (−7 Tg) and increased in 2007 (+21 Tg) and 2008 (+18 Tg), as compared to the 1999–2006 period. The agreement on the latitudinal partition of the flux anomalies for the two inversions is fair in 2006, good in 2007, and not good in 2008. In 2007, a positive anomaly of tropical emissions is found to be the main contributor to the global emission anomalies (~60–80%) for both inversions, with a dominant share attributed to natural wetlands (~2/3), and a significant contribution from high latitudes (~25%). The wetland ecosystem model produces smaller and more balanced positive emission anomalies between the tropics and the high latitudes for 2006, 2007 and 2008, mainly due to precipitation changes during these years. At a global scale, the agreement between the ecosystem model and the inversions is good in 2008 but not satisfying in 2006 and 2007. Tropical South America and Boreal Eurasia appear to be major contributors to variations in methane emissions consistently in the inversions and the ecosystem model. Finally, changes in OH radicals during 2006–2008 are found to be less than 1% in inversions, with only a small impact on the inferred methane emissions.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7324
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 7
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    A new estimation of the recent tropospheric molecular hydrogen budget using atmospheric observations and variational inversion (2011)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-11
    Description: This paper presents an analysis of the recent tropospheric molecular hydrogen (H2) budget with a particular focus on soil uptake and European surface emissions. A variational inversion scheme is combined with observations from the RAMCES and EUROHYDROS atmospheric networks, which include continuous measurements performed between mid-2006 and mid-2009. Net H2 surface flux, then deposition velocity and surface emissions and finally, deposition velocity, biomass burning, anthropogenic and N2 fixation-related emissions were simultaneously inverted in several scenarios. These scenarios have focused on the sensibility of the soil uptake value to different spatio-temporal distributions. The range of variations of these diverse inversion sets generate an estimate of the uncertainty for each term of the H2 budget. The net H2 flux per region (High Northern Hemisphere, Tropics and High Southern Hemisphere) varies between −8 and +8 Tg yr−1. The best inversion in terms of fit to the observations combines updated prior surface emissions and a soil deposition velocity map that is based on bottom-up and top-down estimations. Our estimate of global H2 soil uptake is −59±9 Tg yr−1. Forty per cent of this uptake is located in the High Northern Hemisphere and 55% is located in the Tropics. In terms of surface emissions, seasonality is mainly driven by biomass burning emissions. The inferred European anthropogenic emissions are consistent with independent H2 emissions estimated using a H2/CO mass ratio of 0.034 and CO emissions within the range of their respective uncertainties. Additional constraints, such as isotopic measurements would be needed to infer a more robust partition of H2 sources and sinks.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7324
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 8
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    Calibration of TCCON column-averaged CO2: the first aircraft campaign over European TCCON sites (2011)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-02
    Description: The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a ground-based network of Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sites around the globe, where the column abundances of CO2, CH4, N2O, CO and O2 are measured. CO2 is constrained with a precision better than 0.25% (1-σ). To achieve a similarly high accuracy, calibration to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards is required. This paper introduces the first aircraft calibration campaign of five European TCCON sites and a mobile FTS instrument. A series of WMO standards in-situ profiles were obtained over European TCCON sites via aircraft and compared with retrievals of CO2 column amounts from the TCCON instruments. The results of the campaign show that the FTS measurements are consistently biased 1.1% ± 0.2% low with respect to WMO standards, in agreement with previous TCCON calibration campaigns. The standard a priori profile for the TCCON FTS retrievals is shown to not add a bias. The same calibration factor is generated using aircraft profiles as a priori and with the TCCON standard a priori. With a calibration to WMO standards, the highly precise TCCON CO2 measurements of total column concentrations provide a suitable database for the calibration and validation of nadir-viewing satellites.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
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    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
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    Radon activity in the lower troposphere and its impact on ionization rate: a global estimate using different radon emissions (2011)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-03
    Description: The radioactive decay of radon and its progeny can lead to ionization of air molecules and consequently influence aerosol size distribution. In order to provide a global estimate of the radon-related ionization rate, we use the global atmospheric model ECHAM5 to simulate transport and decay processes of the radioactive tracers. A global radon emission map is put together using regional fluxes reported recently in the literature. Near-surface radon concentrations simulated with this new map compare well with measurements. Radon-related ionization rate is calculated and compared to that caused by cosmic rays. The contribution of radon and its progeny clearly exceeds that of the cosmic rays in the mid- and low-latitude land areas in the surface layer. During cold seasons, at locations where high concentration of sulfuric acid gas and low temperature provide potentially favorable conditions for nucleation, the coexistence of high ionization rate may help enhance the particle formation processes. This suggests that it is probably worth investigating the impact of radon-induced ionization on aerosol-climate interaction in global models.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7324
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
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    Temporal and spatial variability of the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric molecular hydrogen: observations at six EUROHYDROS stations (2011)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-20
    Description: Despite the potential of isotope measurements to improve our understanding of the global atmospheric molecular hydrogen (H2) cycle, few H2 isotope data have been published so far. Now, within the EUROpean network for atmospheric HYDRogen Observations and Studies project (EUROHYDROS), weekly to monthly air samples from six locations in a global sampling network have been analysed for H2 mixing ratio (m(H2)) and the stable isotopic composition of the H2 (δ(D,H2), hereafter referred to as δD). The time series thus obtained now cover one to five years for all stations. This is the largest set of ground station observations of δD so far. Annual average δD values are higher at the Southern Hemisphere (SH) than at the Northern Hemisphere (NH) stations; the maximum is observed at Neumayer (Antarctica), and the minimum at the non-arctic NH stations. The maximum seasonal differences in δD range from ≈18 ‰ at Neumayer to ≈45 ‰ at Schauinsland (Southern Germany); in general, seasonal variability is largest at the NH stations. The timing of minima and maxima differs per station as well. In Alert (Arctic Canada), the variations in δD and m(H2) can be approximated as simple harmonic functions with a ≈5-month relative phase shift. This out-of-phase seasonal behaviour of δD and m(H2) can also be detected, but delayed and with a ≈6-month relative phase shift, at Mace Head and Cape Verde. However, no seasonal δD cycle could be observed at Schauinsland, which likely reflects the larger influence of local sources and sinks at this continental station. At the two SH stations, no seasonal cycle could be detected in the δD data. If it is assumed that the sink processes are the main drivers of the observed seasonality in m(H2) and δD on the NH, the relative seasonal variations can be used to estimate the relative sink strength of the two major sinks, deposition to soils and atmospheric oxidation by the hydroxyl (OH) radical. For the NH coastal and marine stations this analysis suggests that the relative contribution of soil uptake to the total annual H2 removal increases with latitude.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7324
    Topics: Geosciences
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