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  • GEOPHYSICS  (181)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (231)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964  (23)
  • 1992  (231)
  • 1964  (23)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (231)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964  (23)
Year
  • 1
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    Remote sensing of mesospheric winds with the High-Resolution Doppler Imager (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Observations of the winds in the upper atmosphere obtained with the High-Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are discussed. This instrument is a very stable high-resolution triple-etalon Fabry-Perot interferometer, which is used to observe the slight Doppler shifts of absorption and emission lines in the O2 Atmospheric bands induced by atmospheric motions. Preliminary observations indicate that the winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere are a mixture of migrating and non-migrating tides, and planetary-scale waves. The mean meridional winds are dominated by the 1,1 diurnal tide which is easily extracted from the daily zonal means of the satellite observations. The daily mean zonal winds are a mixture of the diurnal tide and a zonal flow which is consistent with theoretical expectations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 40; 12; p. 1599-1606.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    A nonlinear dynamical analogue model of geomagnetic activity (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Consideration is given to the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction within the framework of deterministic nonlinear dynamics. An earlier dripping faucet analog model of the low-dimensional solar wind-magnetosphere system is reviewed, and a plasma physical counterpart to that model is constructed. A Faraday loop in the magnetotail is considered, and the relationship of electric potentials on the loop to changes in the magnetic flux threading the loop is developed. This approach leads to a model of geomagnetic activity which is similar to the earlier mechanical model but described in terms of the geometry and plasma contents of the magnetotail. The model is characterized as an elementary time-dependent global convection model. The convection evolves within a magnetotail shape that varies in a prescribed manner in response to the dynamical evolution of the convection. The result is a nonlinear model capable of exhibiting a transition from regular to chaotic loading and unloading. The model's behavior under steady loading and also some elementary forms of time-dependent loading is discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A8, A; 12
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Summertime tropospheric observations related to N(x)O(y) distributions and partitioning over Alaska - Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition 3A (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Measurements of NO, NO2, PAN and NO(y) are presented for the summertime middle/lower troposphere over northern high latitudes. Chemical signatures from concurrent measurements of O3, CO, C2H2, C2H6, C3H8, C2Cl4, and H2O are used to characterize factors affecting the budget and distribution of N(x)O(y) in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic tropospheric air masses sampled over Alaska during the NASA Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3A). The results implicate biomass burning in Siberia as the probable source of about one-third of the NO(y) abundance within the middle lower troposphere over Alaska and the downward transport of air from altitude in the vicinity of the tropopause as a major contributor to the abundance of NO(y) within the lower 6 km column over Alaska.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D15; p. 16,481-16,509.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Global average concentration and trend for hydroxyl radicals deduced from ALE/GAGE trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) data for 1978-1990 (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An optimal estimation inversion scheme is utilized with atmospheric data and emission estimates to determined the globally averaged CH3CCl3 tropospheric lifetime and OH concentration. The data are taken from atmospheric measurements from surface stations of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and show an annual increase of 4.4 +/- 0.2 percent. Industrial emission estimates and a small oceanic loss rate are included, and the OH concentration for the same period (1978-1990) are incorporated at 1.0 +/- 0.8 percent/yr. The positive OH trend is consistent with theories regarding OH and ozone trends with respect to land use and global warming. Attention is given to the effects of the ENSO on the CH3CCl3 data and the assumption of continuing current industrial anthropogenic emissions. A novel tropical atmospheric tracer-transport mechanism is noted with respect to the CH3CCl3 data.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; 2445-246
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of total and active immobilized enzyme distribution in porous solid supports (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 679-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: immobilized enzyme distribution ; diffusion cell ; active-site titration ; controlled-pore glass ; cell profile ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The total and active immobilized enzyme (IME) distributions in porous supports are studied both theoretically and experimentally. In order to determine experimentally the enzyme distribution profiles within a single particle, we construct a diffusion cell containing controlled-pore glass particles such that the cell would mimic a large pellet support. Our purpose is to study the interplay between the diffusion process within the interparticle void space and immobilization process in the controlled-pore glass particles onto the evolution of the (total and active) enzyme distributions. A mathematical model is developed to describe the interaction of various processes within the diffusion cell. The immobilized enzymes are determined for a system of trypsin and controlled-pore glass particles. The total amount of enzymes are determined by the amino acid analysis, and the active fraction is obtained by an active-site titration. The experimentally measured total IME profiles compare very well with that predicted by the model. The determined active enzyme profile is found to be nonuniform one, and it represents about 40% of the total enzyme immobilized in the support particles.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390613
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of serum concentration on hybridoma viable cell density and production of monoclonal antibodies in cstrs and on shear sensitivity in air-lift loop reactors (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 891-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: air-lift loop reactor ; shear ; serum ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The death rate of hybridoma cells, grown in a continuous culture, has been studied in a small air-lift loop reactor as a function of reactor height and injected gas flow rate. The first-order death-rate constant was found to be proportional to the reciprocal height and to the gas flow rate, in accordance with the hypothetical killing volume model for insect cells in bubble columns. Furthermore, the effect of the serum concentration on viable cell concentration and cell productivity has been investigated in a continuous culture. A serum component became growth limiting when the serum concentration was decreased from 2% to 1%. No effect of the serum concentration on specific cell productivity could be measured. Samples from this culture were also studied in the air-lift loop reactor to determine the effect of serum concentration on the shear sensitivity. The cells' shear sensitivity increased with decreasing serum concentration. The protective effect of serum was found to be physical as well as physiological.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390902
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation of cellulose by the major Thermomonospora fusca cellulases, Trichoderma reesei CBHI, and their mixtures (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 1019-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cellulases ; cellulose ; fragmentation ; hydrolysis ; synergism ; Thermomonospora fusca ; Trichoderma reesei ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this study, the fragmentation activities of Thermomonospora fusca cellulases E2, E3, E5, Trichoderma reesei CBHI, and their mixtures were measured to study synergism in fragmentation. Fragmentation studies revealed that only two pure cellulases, T. fusca E2 and E5 had significant fragmentation activity. T. fusca E3 shows strong synergism in fragmentation both in the production of reducing sugars and in fragmentation with both T. fusca endoglucananses and with T. reesei CBHI. Most mixtures containing CBHI produced higher rates of fragmentation than comparable mixtures containing E3. The highest rate and extent of reducing sugar formation and the highest fragmentation activity were obtained with a mixture of E2, E3, and CBHI. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400905
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlating the effect of pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of straw (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: enzymic hydrolysis models ; pretreated lignocellulosics hydrolysis ; Fusarium oxysporum cellulases ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Avicell, Alkali-treated straw cellulose (ATSC), and wheat straw were ball-milled to reduce crystallinity; wheat straw was delignified by hot (120°C) sodium hydroxide solutions of various concentrations. The physically and chemically pretreated cellulosic materials were hydrolyzed by the cellulases of Fusarium oxysporum strain F3. Enzymic hydrolysis data were fitted by the hyperbolic correlation of Holtzapple, which involves two kinetic parameters, the maximum conversion (Xmax), and the enzymic hydrolysis time corresponding to 50% of Xmax (t1/2). An empirical correlation between Xmax and cellulose crystallinity, lignin content, and degree of delignification has been found under our experimental conditions. Complete cellulose hydrolysis is shown to be possible at less than 60% crystallinity indices or less than 10% lignin content.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390116
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of intraparticle immobilized enzyme distribution under moderate diffusion conditions (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 743-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: immobilized enzyme ; active enzyme ; diffusion ; controlled-pore glass ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The method Presented earlier by Hossain and Do determine the active enzyme distribution and relevant rate parameters under the condition of strong diffusional resistance is extended in this article to cover the cases of comparable diffusion and reaction rates (3 〈 φ 〈 20). The theory proposed herein is tested wtih the experimental data of hydrogen perioxide-catalase immobilized on controlled-pore glass (CPG) particles of small size (150 μm). © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400614
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme activity and shikonin production in Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell cultures (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Lithospermum erythrorhizon ; nitrate ; PAL and HMGR activity ; shikonin dervative production ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The activities of the biosynthetic enzmes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-reductase (HMGR) were measured in cells transferred from growth to production medium in a two-stage batch culture. It was found that both these enzymes showed transient increases, PAL (three- to fourfold) and HMGR (two- to four-fold), at or near the point of exhaustion of nitrogen source (NO3). Production of shikonin derivatives also started at this time. The addition of excess nitrate to the medium shortly before nitrate exhaustion (days 6-8) markedly reduced the final product yield (by 70-80%) while addition of excess nitrate in the later stationary growth phase (days 14-16) had no significant effect. When the production rate of shikonin derivatives was correlated with PAL activity, it was observed that production rate is very low (less than 1 mg/L · day) at low levels of PAL activity (below 0.1 unit/mg protein). Once a threshold level of PAL activity (about 0.15 unit/mg protein) is reached, the biosynthetic rate of shikonin derivatives increases. Such a relationship could not be deduced for HMGR activity. It was concluded that the production of shikonin derivatives may be limited at the phenylalanine deaminating step at low levels of PAL activity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400111
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