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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (12)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1960-1964  (12)
  • 1963  (12)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1990-1994
  • 1960-1964  (12)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß einiger Kolloide auf die Korrosion von Messing in Essigsäure (1963)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 14 (1963), S. 739-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of some colloids on the corrosion of brass in acetic acidA detailed discussion of the theories hitherto developed on the effectiveness of organic inhibitors is followed by a report on tests with Ms 70/30 brass in 0.2 n acetic acid. In declining order, the effectiveness of organic colloids was found to be as follows: agar, acacia, dextrin, egg albumen, gelatin, potato starch; the effectiveness is also greatly dependent on the concentration of the inhibitors. Usually, there is, for each individual inhibitor, a characteristic inhibition maximum at a certain concentration. Generally, the inhibiting effect in acetic and citric acid is greater then in malic acid, with the exception of acacia and egg albumen which are about equally effective in all three acids. It is only in a few cases, and in low concentration ranges, that the laws of adsorption apply.
    Notes: Nach einer eingehenden Diskussion der bisher vorliegenden Theorien der Wirksamkeit organischer Inhibitoren wird über Versuche mit Messing Ms 70/30 in 0,2 n-Essigsäure berichtet. Die Wirksamkeit der organischen Kolloide nahm in der Reihenfolge Agar 〉 Acacia 〉 Dextrin 〉 Ei-Albumin 〉 Gelatine 〉 Kartoffelstärke ab und ist auch stark von der Konzentration der Inhibitoren abhängig, Meist gibt es ein für den jeweiligen Inhibitor charakteristisches Maximum der Hemmwirkung bei einer bestimmten Konzentration. Allgemein ist die Hemmwirkung in Essig- und Citronensäure stärker als in Äpfelsäure. Nur Acacia und Ei-Albumin sind in allen drei Säuren etwa gleich wirksam, Die Adsorptionsgesetze sind nur in wenigen Fällen und in kleinen Konzentrationsbereichen erfüllt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19630140903
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of polyacrylonitrile in cotton fabricsPresented at the Symposium on Carbohydrates, Cellulose and Cellulose Industries, organized by the Chemical Research Committee of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India, at Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association, Ahmedabad, India, January 1962. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1581-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: With a sodium thiosulfate-potassium persulfate redox system, in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile was studied in cellulosic materials. Traces of copper are found to accelerate the rate of polymerization, giving higher yields on the treated materials. Other variables studied were (a) material/liquor ratios, (b) monomer concentrations, and (c) initiator concentrations. It is found that high material/liquor ratios and higher initiator concentrations cause increased polymer yields on cotton fabrics. Fabrics containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are resistant to microbial degradation. Acrylonitrile was polymerized in secondary cellulose acetate, mercerized cotton, and cellophane. Studies of the insolubility behavior of the treated cellulose acetate samples in acetone and dimethylformamide, and of mercerized cotton and cellophane in cuprammonium hydroxide, were carried out for the purpose of examining the presence of cellulose-PAN grafts. In the latter case, a constant ratio of cellulose to PAN was obtained in the cuprammonium hydroxide-insoluble fraction over a wide range of polymer add-ons. Alkaline saponification of the nitrile groups in the treated cotton fabrics, followed by a treatment with formaldehyde at pH 9-9.5 and subsequent curing in the presence of an acid catalyst, yield highly crosslinked fabrics which exhibit a considerable improvement in the wet crease recovery with slight loss in tensile and tear strengths. It is believed that these changes are brought about by the formation of a —CO · NH · CH2. O—cellulose type of crosslink. These results strongly support the presence of a cellulose-PAN graft.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070502
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusibility and solubility of gases in ethylcellulose and nitrocellulose (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1743-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Permeability of ethylcellulose and nitrocellulose films to thirteen different gases and vapors was determined. The solubility of these gases and vapors in ethylcellulose and nitrocellulose was also measured by gravimetric and volumetric methods of equilibrium sorption. From these data for permeability and solubility, diffusion coefficients of the gases and vapors in the polymeric films were calculated by means of the relation, P = DS, in which P and S are the permeability and solubility constants, respectively. It was found that the diffusion coefficient D decreased linearly with an increase of molecular weight; however, the shape factor of the molecules played an important role in the diffusion process. The solubility constants increased linearly with an increase of the Lennard-Jones force constants ∊/k when solubility was expressed on a weight basis rather than a volume basis. Both ethylcellulose and nitrocellulose are noncrystalline. Higher solubility, diffusibility, and permeability of ethylcellulose than that of nitrocellulose are considered to be due to the molecular packing in the films.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070515
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical structure of radiation-induced graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate on polyvinyl alcoholDedicated to K. ZIEGLER on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 69 (1963), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methylmethacrylat wurde auf Polyvinylalkohol-Filme aufgepfropft, die einer Vorbestrahlung mit Co-60-γ-Strahlung unterzogen worden waren. Das rohe Pfropfcopolymere enthielt 96,1% Pfropfanteil; es wurde acetyliert und in Benzol gelöst. Das Copolymeracetat wurde unter Benutzung von n-Butanol als Fällungsmittel fraktioniert. Zusammensetzung und Viskositätszahl jeder Fraktion wurden bestimmt. Durch Verseifung der Fraktionen wurde die Grundkette in PVA überführt, der mit Perjodsäure gespalten wurde. Die Viskositätszahlen der Acetate wurden vor und nach der Spaltung bestimmt. Obwohl der scheinbare Pfropfanteil am rohen Pfropfcopolymeren hoch ist, zeigen die Ergebnisse, daß 96% der Grundketten nicht gepfropft wurden und alle Pfropfcopolymeren einen langen PMMA-Zweig auf ein PVA-Molekül enthalten.
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of MMA onto PVA film was carried out using a pre-irradiation technique with γ-rays of Co. 60. Raw graft copolymer was obtained with percent graft of 96.1%, which was acetylated and dissolved in benzene. Fractionation of the copolymer acetate was performed using n-butanol as a precipitant. The composition analysis and viscosity measurements were undertaken for each fraction. By saponification of each fraction, the backbone was converted back into PVA, and the PVA chain was cleaved with periodic acid. The viscosities of the acetates were compared before and after the cleaving. The results indicate that, though the apparent percent graft of raw graft copolymer is high, 96% of backbone polymer was not grafted, and all of the graft copolymers have one branch of long PMMA in one PVA molecule.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1963.020690108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentiometrische untersuchungen von polyelektrolytenHerrn Kollegen G. NATTA zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 61 (1963), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mainly in order to get a better understanding of the effects of the near-neighbor interaction on the behavior of aqueous solutions of polyelectrolytes, potentiometric titrations of polyelectrolytes with various stereostructures and distributions of ionised groups in the polymer chain were carried out; copolymeric electrolytes with unionisable comonomer were also measured. In connection with these experiments, it was tried to prepare polyelectrolytes of various tacticity with the use of radical polymerisations at higher temperature. The effect of a small amount of branching in polyelectrolyte molecules on the solution properties, and the swelling behaviors of slightly crosslinked polyelectrolytes were also investigated. The results show that the solution properties of polyelectrolytes can be affected appreciably by the near-neighbor interaction and hypercoiling; furthermore it was concluded that the stereoregularity could be controlled fairly well by the condition of radical polymerisation.
    Notes: Insbesondere um den Einfluß der Wechselwirkung zwischen Nachbargruppen auf das Verhalten wäßriger Polyelektrolytlösungen zu verstehen, wurden potentiometrische Messungen an Polyelektrolyten mit verschiedener Stereostruktur und verschiedener Verteilung der ionisierenden Gruppen auf der Polymerkette, auch an copolymerisierten Elektrolyten mit nichtionisierbaren Comonomeren, durchgeführt. Auf Grund solcher Untersuchungen wurde die Herstellung von Polyelektrolyten mit etwas veränderter Taktizität durch radikalische Polymerisation bei höherer Temperatur versucht. Der Einfluß einiger Seitenzweige der Makromoleküle auf das Verhalten der Polyelektrolytlösungen und die Quellung von vernetzten Polyelektrolyten wurden ebenfalls untersucht. Aus den Ergebnissen ist zu schließen, daß das Verhalten der Polyelektrolytlösungen von der Wechselwirkung zwischen Nachbargruppen und von der Hyperknäuelung stark beEinflußt werden kann. Unsere Experimente zeigen außerdem, daß die Bedingungen der Radikalpolymerisation die Stereoregularität der Polymerisate erheblich beeinflussen können.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1963.020610101
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on cellulose-polyacrylonitrile grafts (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 1 (1963), S. 509-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.110010913
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoregularity of polymethacrylonitrile (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 1 (1963), S. 409-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.110010802
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced solid state polymerization of tetraoxane (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 1 (1963), S. 427-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.110010807
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of vinyl ether with magnesium compounds. II. Catalytic reactivity of magnesium compounds other than halides (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 1 (1963), S. 2371-2381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Magnesium compounds, especially Grignard reagents were studied as catalysts in the polymerization of vinyl ethers. The Grignard reagent and diethyl magnesium possessed no activity for polymerization of vinyl ether. However, if the Grignard reagent is combined with some sort of third substances, it shows good activity. For these substances, oxygen, aldehydes, some metal oxides, and halogenated hydrocarbons seemed to be effective. The molecular weight of the polyvinyl ether obtained from this combined catalyst system is markedly higher than those of polymers obtained with the Friedel-Crafts type of catalyst, but the polymer of vinyl ether obtained from this mixed catalyst possesses little crystalline structure. The possible mechanism of the polymerization with this mixed catalyst is thought to be a cationic initiation type, because the true active species are regarded to be intermediate compounds which are analogous to magnesium halides or alkoxymagnesium halides. In this connection, alkoxymagnesium halides and magnesium oxide were examined. They had a good activity for polymerization but did not yield a high polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.100010714
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting vinyl polymers onto cellulose by high energy radiation. I. High energy radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene onto cellulosePresented at the Symposium on Block and Graft Copolymers of Cellulose and Polysaccharides, Divison of Cellulose Chemistry, 138th National Meeting, American Chemical Society, New York, N. Y., September 1960. (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 1 (1963), S. 1257-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Styrene has been grafted onto cellulose in the form of cotton linters, cotton cloth, and rayon by ionizing radiation. Styrene was brought into intimate contact with cellulose by extension of the “inclusion” technique of Staudinger and Krässig, and graft copolymers were prepared by exposure to high energy electrons or to gamma-rays from Co60. Substantial grafting was obtained by irradiation in air, nitrogen, or in vacuum. The products were purified by exhaustive extraction with benzene in a Soxhlet apparatus to remove the polystyrene homopolymer. The graft copolymers were characterized by removing the cellulose backbone by hydrolysis and determining the molecular weights of the residual polystyrene. Molecular weights of the grafted polystyrene were found to be considerably higher than those of the extracted homopolymer polystyrene or the polystyrene formed by irradiating styrene in bulk. Calculations based on the molecular weights of cellulose and polystyrene in the graft copolymer indicate that despite the substantial grafting, only one in 5,000-10,000 anhydroglucose units or one in 10-20 cellulose chains carried a grafted polystyrene chain.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.100010416
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