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  • GEOPHYSICS  (137)
  • Humans  (93)
  • Chemical Engineering  (85)
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (52)
  • COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • 1990-1994  (410)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1955-1959  (15)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1994  (410)
  • 1955  (15)
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  • 1990-1994  (410)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1955-1959  (15)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1994-06-03
    Description: Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) has been used to determine the structure of the regulatory enzyme of de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, glutamine 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase, from Bacillus subtilis. This allosteric enzyme, a 200-kilodalton tetramer, is subject to end product regulation by purine nucleotides. The metalloenzyme from B. subtilis is a paradigm for the higher eukaryotic enzymes, which have been refractory to isolation in stable form. The two folding domains of the polypeptide are correlated with functional domains for glutamine binding and for transfer of ammonia to the substrate PRPP. Eight molecules of the feedback inhibitor adenosine monophosphate (AMP) are bound to the tetrameric enzyme in two types of binding sites: the PRPP catalytic site of each subunit and an unusual regulatory site that is immediately adjacent to each active site but is between subunits. An oxygen-sensitive [4Fe-4S] cluster in each subunit is proposed to regulate protein turnover in vivo and is distant from the catalytic site. Oxygen sensitivity of the cluster is diminished by AMP, which blocks a channel through the protein to the cluster. The structure is representative of both glutamine amidotransferases and phosphoribosyltransferases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, J L -- Zaluzec, E J -- Wery, J P -- Niu, L -- Switzer, R L -- Zalkin, H -- Satow, Y -- DK-42303/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM-24658/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK042303/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 3;264(5164):1427-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8197456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amidophosphoribosyltransferase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacillus subtilis/*enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxygen/pharmacology ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1994-04-15
    Description: The first step in oral absorption of many medically important peptide-based drugs is mediated by an intestinal proton-dependent peptide transporter. This transporter facilitates the oral absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors from the intestine into enterocytes lining the luminal wall. A monoclonal antibody that blocked uptake of cephalexin was used to identify and clone a gene that encodes an approximately 92-kilodalton membrane protein that was associated with the acquisition of peptide transport activity by transport-deficient cells. The amino acid sequence deduced from the complementary DNA sequence of the cloned gene indicated that this transport-associated protein shares several conserved structural elements with the cadherin superfamily of calcium-dependent, cell-cell adhesion proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dantzig, A H -- Hoskins, J A -- Tabas, L B -- Bright, S -- Shepard, R L -- Jenkins, I L -- Duckworth, D C -- Sportsman, J R -- Mackensen, D -- Rosteck, P R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 15;264(5157):430-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8153632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; CHO Cells ; Cadherins/*chemistry ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Cephalexin/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Mucosa/*metabolism ; Leucine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1994-04-29
    Description: Of several thousand peptides presented by the major histocompatibility molecule HLA-A2.1, at least nine are recognized by melanoma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify and to sequence one of these peptide epitopes. Melanoma-specific CTLs had an exceptionally high affinity for this nine-residue peptide, which reconstituted an epitope for CTL lines from each of five different melanoma patients tested. Recognition by multiple CTL lines suggests that this may be a promising candidate for use in peptide-based melanoma vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cox, A L -- Skipper, J -- Chen, Y -- Henderson, R A -- Darrow, T L -- Shabanowitz, J -- Engelhard, V H -- Hunt, D F -- Slingluff, C L Jr -- AI33993/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA57653/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM37537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 29;264(5159):716-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7513441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*immunology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Epitopes/immunology ; HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Melanoma/*immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Hubble Space Telescope's fine guidance sensors (FGS's) are unique in the performance levels being attempted; spacecraft control and astrometric research with accuracies better than 3 milli-arcseconds (mas) are the ultimate goals. This paper presents a review of the in-flight calibration of the sensors, describing both the algorithms used and the results achieved to date. The work was done primarily in support of engineering operations related to spacecraft pointing and control and secondarily in support of the astrometric science calibration effort led by the Space Telescope Astrometry Team. Calibration items of principal interest are distortion, sensor magnification, and relative alignment. An initial in-flight calibration of the FGS's was performed in December 1990; this calibration has been used operationally over the past few years. Followup work demonstrated that significant, unexpected temporal variations in the calibration parameters are occurring; provided good characterization of the variation; and set the stage for a distortion calibration designed to achieve the full design accuracy for one of the FGS's. This full distortion calibration, using data acquired in January 1993, resulted in a solution having single-axis residuals with a standard deviation of 2.5 mas. Scale and alignment calibration results for all of the FGS's have been achieved commensurate with the best ground-based astrometric catalogs (root-mean-square error approximately 25 mas). A calibration monitoring program has been established to allow regular updates of the calibration parameters as needed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Flight Mechanics(Estimation Theory Symposium, 1994; p 111-122
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Near the tail boundary beyond about 100 Re, GEOTAIL often measures irregular, long-period oscillations in plasma velocity and density. Flow speed and density oscillate between magnetosheath values and values an order of magnitude less. The oscillations can persist for days. A typical oscillation lasts 100 minutes, but the range is large. The oscillations are highly asymmetric in that the increasing phase of the oscillation is an order of magnitude faster than the decreasing phase. This asymmetry shows that they are a distinct class of oscillations, not previously explicitly reported, and that they are not mere consequences of tail flapping in a variable solar wind. The changes in flow direction through an oscillation imply that the oscillation results from a motion of the boundary toward and away from the spacecraft with an amplitude between 5 and 10 R(sub e). A consideration of options suggests that the most plausible cause of these oscillations is the 'breathing' of the magnetotail that attends the substorm cycle.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 25; p. 2979-2982
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Near the tail boundary beyond about 100 R(sub e), GEOTAIL often encounters a plasma mantle-like boundary layer in which the plasma flowing tailward transitions smoothly from magnetosheath values of speed and density to much smaller values, more characteristic of the tail lobe. This boundary layer had earlier been recognized on the basis of International Sun Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE 3) measurements. GEOTAIL confirms the existence of this layer and extends the documentation on its behavior. Boundary oscillations sweep the boundary layer over the spacecraft enabling GEOTAIL to 'sound' the layer's profile of plasma parameters. The density-versus-speed correlogram of the mantle-like part -- a useful diagnostic for comparisons -- is reasonably well simulated by a 1-D, MHD slow-mode expansion fan model of the plasma mantle. Flow directions are consistent with an open plasma mantle on the northern, duskside flank of the tail, as expected for the standard magnetic merging model of mantle formation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 25; p. 2975-2978
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 407-418 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A population-balance-equation model is employed for the analysis of liquid-liquid extraction columns. This model considers drop breakage, coalescence, and exit phenomena for the drop phase caused by drop-drop and drop-continuous phase interactions. Drop breakage and coalescence rates are employed from a previous study on liquid dispersions in stirred-tank contactors. A drop exit frequency is developed based on a stochastic modeling approach. The model is tested by drop size distribution and dispersed-phase volume fraction (holdup) data obtained for a multistage column contactor of pilot-plant scale. Steady-state drop size distribution and transient holdup measurements are obtained by a photomicrographic technique and an ultrasonic technique, respectively. The model can predict flooding of the column. The effect of mass transfer on the hydrodynamic parameters of the contactor is also examined. The population-balance-equation model can be used for the control of extraction columns and can be extended to include mass-transfer calculations for the prediction of extraction efficiency.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 395-406 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A substantial effort has been made by numerous investigators to describe droplet breakage and coalescence in turbulent dispersions. An attempt is made here to improve these models based on existing frameworks and recent advances described in the literature. Two-step mechanisms are considered for both the breakage and coalescence models. The drop breakage function is structured as the product of the drop-eddy collision frequency and breakage efficiency which reflect the energetics of turbulent liquid-liquid dispersions. The coalescence function retains the former structure of the product of drop-drop collision frequency and coalescence efficiency. The coalescence efficiency model has been modified to account for the effects of film drainage for drops with partially mobile interfaces. These models overcome several inconsistencies observed in previous efforts and are applicable for dense dispersions (about φ[0.10-0.30]). For the daughter drops produced by breakage, a probability density is proposed based on the energy requirements for the formation of daughter drops.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1757-1760 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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