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  • Physics  (47)
  • Physical Chemistry  (13)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (60)
  • 1970-1974  (60)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1973  (60)
  • 1950
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 11 (1973), S. 457-465 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An approximate model is developed which relates the twisting seen in the spherulitic crystallization of many materials to surface stresses. Expressions are presented for the twist period as a function of the surface stress. These are compared with previous experimental data on polyethylene and data on hippuric acid obtained in the present investigation. In both cases the experimental data are in accord with the predictions of the model.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 11 (1973), S. 391-392 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular core binding energies have been measured by ESCA for the homopolymers of ethylene and the fluoroethylenes. The data are interpreted in terms of semiempirical all-valence electron SCF MO calculations in the CNDO/2 formalism, in conjunction with the charge potential model. The results are used as a basis for interpreting the measured core binding energies of some Viton and Kel F type polymers. The routine application of ESCA to the determination of copolymer compositions is described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 1867-1879 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electroinitiated copolymerization of styrene and diethyl fumarate in methanol solvent with zinc bromide as electrolyte has been investigated at high current strengths (200-500 mA). Unlike the copolymerization behavior observed at lower current strengths (〈 200 mA), it is found that the cathodically produced copolymers deviate from a 1:1 composition and show a significant deficiency in styrene. The copolymer products can be separated into two well-defined fractions: a toluene-soluble fraction (normal copolymer) and a toluene-insoluble one (styrene-deficient copolymer). These deviations in copolymer composition from a 1:1 monomer ratio are attributed to the occurrence of cathodically induced electroreductive hydrolysis side reactions with diethyl fumarate leading to the formation of carboxylate or acid salt species. Reaction of these hydrolyzed species with diethyl fumarate results in the formation of fumarate-rich copolymers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rate parameters for the reaction of ground-state atomic sulfur, S(3P), with the olefins cis-2-butene and tetramethylethylene have been determined over a temperature range of ∽280°K. A major finding of this study was that the rate constants for both reactions showed negative temperature dependencies. When k is expressed in the form of an Arrhenius equation, this necessarily leads to negative activation energies: k1 = (4.68 ± 0.70) × 10-12 exp (+0.23 ± 0.09 kcal/mole)/RT (219°-500°K) k2 = (4.68 ± 1.70) × 10-12 exp (+1.29 ± 0.23 kcal/mole)/RT (252°-500°K) Units are cm3 molec-1s-1. When a threshold energy of 0.0 kcal/mole is assumed for reaction (2), the temperature dependence of the preexponential term has a value of T-2. Making the usual simplifying assumptions, neither collision theory nor transition state theory leads to a preexponential factor with a strong enough negative temperature dependence. A comparison of these results with those derived from studies of the reactions of atomic oxygen, O(3P), with the same olefins shows that in both studies simple bimolecular processes were being examined. Also discussed are the possible experimental and theoretical ramifications of these new results.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 5 (1973), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Absolute rate constants for the reaction of S(3P) with ethylene episulfide were measured over a C2H4S concentration range of 5, a total pressure of 20-200 tort, and a flash intensity range of ˜4. Over this range of variables, the bimolecular rate constant was found to be invariant. Because of limitations imposed by the physical properties of the reactant C2H4S, temperature variations were necessarily held to the range 298-355°K. The bimolecular rate constant was found to be invariant over this limited temperature range, having a value of (4.47 ± 0.26) × 10-11 cm3 molec.-1 sec-1. The possible influence of this reaction in studies of the S(3P)-ethylene system are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 5 (1973), S. 375-384 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the technique of flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence, absolute rate constants have been measured for the reaction of S(3P) with propene and 1-butene. Variations in experimental conditions included the following: temperature (215-500°K); total pressure a factor of 10; olefin concentration, a factor of 6; flash intensity (S atom concentration), a factor of 10. It was found that over these variations in the experimental conditions only the temperature had a measureable effect on the bimolecular rate constant. The derived Arrhenius rate expressions for the reactions (2) and (3) were as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_2 = \left( {6.03 \pm 0.72} \right) \times 10^{ - 12} \exp \left( {\frac{{ - 0.38 \pm 0.09kcal/mol}}{{RT}}} \right) $$\end{document} temperature range 214-500°K \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_3 = \left( {7.41 \pm 1.15} \right) \times 10^{ - 12} \exp \left( {\frac{{ - 0.36 \pm 0.09kcal/mol}}{{RT}}} \right) $$\end{document} Units are cm3 molec-1 s-1.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 11 (1973), S. 1555-1572 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Sorption, diffusion, swelling, and tensile stress relaxation measurements were made at room temperature (23°C) for the systems poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) with liquid methanol and ethanol, and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) with liquid water. Stress relaxation curves for the fully swollen polymers could be superimposed approximately with those for the dry polymers by appropriate shifting along the long axes. For PMA-water the measured curve for stress relaxation with concurrent sorption could be predicted accurately by using a moving boundary theory with data measurements of stress relaxation of the unswollen and swollen polymer combined with sorption data. The modified moving boundary theory is generalized to include the effects of dimension changes through swelling and the larger effects of plasticization associated with sorption of liquids. This improved theory accurately predicts measured curves of stress relaxation with concurrent sorption for the PBMA-alcohol systems from individual stress relaxation, sorption, diffusion and swelling data. The general approach should be applicable to other amorphous polymer-liquid swelling agent systems. The anisotropic nature of swelling of polymer films and its effect on calculated diffusion coefficients are discussed briefly.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 11 (1973), S. 1949-1961 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Cast samples of a phenol-formaldehyde polymer with a crack of length defined by a metallic foil inclusion were fractured in tension. The stress at fracture was inversely proportional to the square root of the crack length, in agreement with the Griffith equation for brittle fracture. The behavior did not conform to the Griffith equation with respect to the experimental value of surface free energy, which was several orders of magnitude higher than a theoretically calculated value. However, as the temperature of tensile testing was raised, the experimental value did approach the calculated value. Consistently the appearance of the fracture surface was observed to change from one showing evidence of plastic deformation at room temperature to a featureless appearance, characteristic of brittle fracture, at higher temperatures.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 11 (1973), S. 2039-2055 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The fracture surface of notched impact specimens of polycarbonate tested in the range 130°C to -196°C have been studied by use of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The morphological features associated with the initiation and propagation of fracture have been determined and interpreted in terms of the processes which occur in association with fracture, notably crazing. The fracture processes are similar to those observed in poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene. The transition from ductile to brittle fracture is attributed to the case of crazing relative to shear yielding.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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