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  • Light microscopy  (3)
  • Springer  (3)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1935-1939
  • 1974  (2)
  • 1972  (1)
  • 1937
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (3)
  • American Institute of Physics
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1974  (2)
  • 1972  (1)
  • 1937
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vital staining ; Fibroblasts ; Autophagic vacuoles ; Influence of fixatives ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fibroblastenkulturen wurden mit Mepacrin (Atebrin®), Neutralrot und Toluidinblau unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen vitalgefärbt. Die Farbstoffe induzieren die Bildung autophagischer Vakuolen (Autolysosomen) im Cytoplasma. Die Eignung von sieben verschiedenen Fixantien zur Erhaltung dieser im lichtmikroskopischen Sinn neugebildeten Strukturen wurde untersucht. Kriterien der jeweiligen Fixationsleistung waren einmal die Erhaltung der autophagischen Vakuolen an sich, zum anderen die Erhaltung ihrer farbstoffabhängigen, morphologischen Individualität. Als wenig leistungsfähig haben sich erwiesen die Lösungen nach Carnoy und Bouin sowie Formol. Glutaraldehyd bewahrt die Lysosomenstruktur befriedigend, jedoch nicht ausreichend stabil für weitere, etwa histochemische, Eingriffe. Kaliumbichromat gewährleistet bessere Stabilität, jedoch nur geringe Lebensähnlichkeit der Autolysosomen. OsO4 und NaMnO4 sind den anderen Fixantien hinsichtlich der Erfüllung beider Kriterien deutlich überlegen. Die Befunde werden mit dem lipidstabilisierenden Effekt, den beide Metalloxydverbindungen an den phospholipidreichen Autolysosomen ausüben, in Zusammenhang gebracht. Unterschiede in der Wirkung ließen sich nach Anwendung von OsO4 und NaMnO4 an den AV nachweisen: Mepacrin-AV werden durch OsO4 etwas lebensähnlicher erhalten als durch NaMnO4. Die Neutralrot-AV und Toluidinblau-AV mit deutlicher vakuolärer Struktur werden nur durch Permanganat im Zusammenhang erhalten, mit deutlicher Abgrenzung der Toluidinblau-induzierten von den Neutralrot-induzierten Autolysosomen. Nach Osmium- und Permanganatfixation zeigen die Zellkulturen starke Affinität zu Methylenblau, nicht Eosin. Nur die OsO4-fixierten Autolysosomen halten gegenüber Alkoholeinwirkung ihre Anfärbung im wesentlichen bei. Die Befunde werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Fibroblasts grown in monolayer were subjected to vital staining by mepacrine (Atebrine®), neutral red and toludine blue under comparable conditions. These dyes induce the formation of autophagic vacuoles (autolysosomes) in the cytoplasm. The preservation of these structures, which are considered to be newly formed in the dimension of the light microscope, by seven different fixatives has been examined. The criteria employed to assess the performance of each fixative consisted of 1. the preservation of the autophagic vacuoles per se and 2. their dye-dependent morphological characteristics. Fixation by Carnoy's or Bouin's solution as well as by formaline gave poor results. Glutaraldehyde preserved lysosomal structure satisfactorily, but not adequately for further application of histochemical methods. Potassium dichromate has a stabilizing effect on autophagic vacuoles, however, structures are not equivalent to those observed in living cells. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) and sodium permanganate (NaMnO4) are superior to the other fixatives with regard to the afore mentioned criteria. These observations are explained by the wellknown lipid-stabilizing effect which both metal oxides are expected to exert on autolysosomes with their high content of phospholipids. After fixation with OsO4 and NaMnO4 diverging effects on autophagic vacuoles could be ascertained. Mepacrine-induced autophagic vacuoles are preserved somewhat more accurately by OsO4 than by NaMnO4. Autolysosomes induced by neutral red and toluidine blue display a more vacuolated appearance and are preserved as a whole only by permanganate. Distinct differences exist between autophagic vacuoles induced by toluidine blue and those induced by neutral red. After fixation by OsO4 and NaMnO4 cells from culture display a strong affinity to methylene blue, but not to eosin. The staining of autolysosomes by methylene blue is resistant to ethanol after fixation in OsO4 only. The results are discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 249-257 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromosomes ; Action of colchicine ; Botryllus schlosseri (Ascidia) ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The course of c-mitosis in early embryos ofBotryllus schlosseri is arrested in a bizarre c-metaphase configuration in which the chromosome arms are tightly paired and sister kinetochores are well separated. This new type of c-metaphase chromosomes occurs because kinetochores are normally separated during prometaphase and sister c-chromatids tend to adhere to each other. Abnormal activity of sister kinetochores, chromosome fragmentation, adherence between chromosomes, overcondensation of chromosomes and bipolar arrangement of the c-pairs, are some additional effects induced by colchicine treatment of oocyte cleaving eggs ofB. schlosseri that have been studied. The behaviour of both normal and c-chromosomes ofB. schlosseri suggests that the forces acting upon kinetochores reach a minimum at metaphase and that they are not diminished by colchicine treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 537-549 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect haemocytes ; Classification ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simplified insect haemocyte classification has been formulated by a light microscopic examination of the haemolymph of insects from fifteen Orders. Six cell types or developmental stages can be distinguished: (1) Prohaemocytes, (2) Plasmatocytes, (3) Granular Cells, (4) Spherule Cells, (5) Cystocytes, and (6) Oenocytoids. The structure and occurrence of these haemocytes are described together with the structural variations which occur in each cell type. Due to considerable overlap in structure and the presence of numerous intermediates the six cell types may represent different developmental and/or functional stages of one basic cell type. The available evidence for this unitarian hypothesis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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