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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patch-clamp analysis of voltage- and ligand-activated whole-cell currents in freshly dissociated neurons of the locust optic lobe (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 182 (1998), S. 677-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Electrophysiology ; Brain ; Insect ; Histamine ; GABA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from 116 freshly dissociated neuronal somata from the optic lobe of adult locusts (Schistocerca gregaria). Prerequisites were a papain treatment and the directed transfer of somata to the recording chamber by dabbing. Of the recorded somata, 65 were from lamina and 51 from other optic lobe neurons. All somata supported voltage-activated outward currents and some (24% of optic lobe, 3% of lamina neurons) also fast inward currents. Most lamina neurons supported an outward current that activated (V 1/2=−8.5 mV) and inactivated rapidly and a sustained outward current. Some lamina and most optic lobe neurons expressed only a sustained outward current (V 1/2=−9.4 mV). GABA and histamine elicited inward currents at negative holding potentials. Most optic lobe (95%) but only 18% of lamina neurons showed a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) current, whereas a similar percentage of optic lobe (50%) and lamina neurons (67%) expressed a histamine current. Both currents reversed near the chloride equilibrium potential, were reversibly reduced by picrotoxin, and did not show rundown. Thus, they likely represent chloride currents mediated by ionotropic receptors. Our data indicate that the lamina neurons recorded mainly represent monopolar cells postsynaptic to histaminergic photoreceptors. The optic lobe neurons, on which GABA and histamine apparently act as inhibitory neurotransmitters, are more heterogeneous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050212
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic features of the x-ray spectra of a plasma produced by heating CO2 clusters by intense femtosecond laser pulses with λ=0.8 and 0.4 μm (1998)
    Springer
    JETP letters 68 (1998), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 52.50.Jm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The x-ray spectra of a plasma produced by heating CO2 clusters with intense femtosecond laser pulses with λ=0.8 μm and λ=0.4 μm are investigated. Spatially resolved x-ray spectra of the cluster plasma are obtained. The observed characteristic features of the x-ray emission spectra show unequivocally that such a plasma contains quite a large relative number of ions (≃10−2–10−3) with energies of 0.1–1 MeV. The contour of the OVIII Lyα line is found to have characteristic features that are especially conspicuous when the clusters are heated with second-harmonic pulses. These features cannot be explained by any mechanisms known to the authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.567894
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low glutathione pools in the original pso3 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are responsible for its pleiotropic sensitivity phenotype (1998)
    Springer
    Current genetics 33 (1998), S. 4-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Petite mutation ; Error-prone repair ; Paraquat ; Psoralen photo-induced DNA-damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The original pso3-1 mutant isolate of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits a pleiotropic mutagen-sensitivity phenotype that includes sensitivity to UVA-activated 3-carbethoxypsoralen, to UVC-light, to mono- and bi-functional nitrogen mustard, to paraquat, and to cadmium; on the other hand, it shows hyper-resistance (HYR) to nitrosoguanidine when compared to established wild-type strains. Also, the original pso3-1 mutant exhibits a low UVC-induced mutability and mitotic gene conversion and a high rate of spontaneous and UVC-induced petite mutations. Since the HYR to the nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) phenotype resembles that of low glutathione-containing yeast cells, the original pso3-1 mutant was crossed to a gsh1 knock-out mutant that lacks the enzyme for the first step in glutathione biosynthesis and the resulting diploid was tested for complementation. While there was none for HYR to nitrosoguanidine, and other low glutathione-related phenotypes, some other phenotypic characteristics of pso3-1, e.g. UVC sensitivity and UVC-induced mutability were restored to a wild-type level. Tetrad analysis of a diploid derived from a cross of the original haploid pso3-1 isolate with a repair-proficient, normal glutathione-containing, PSO3 GSH1 wild-type led to the separation of a leaky gsh1 mutation phenotype from that of the repair-deficient pso3-1 phenotype. Linkage studies by tetrad and random spore analyses indicated no linkage of the two genes. This shows that the low glutathione content in the original pso3-1 isolate is due to a second, additional, mutation in the GSH1 locus and is unrelated to the pso3-1 mutation. Thus, the original pso3-1 isolate is a pso3-1 gsh1 double mutant with most of the particular characteristics of the pleiotropic sensitivity phenotype contributed by either the pso3-1 or the gsh1-leaky mutant allele. The expression of a few phenotypic characteristics of pso3, however, were most pronounced in pso3-1 mutants with a low glutathione pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050301
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The high-pressure stability of zoisite and phase relationships of zoisite-bearing assemblages (1998)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 130 (1998), S. 162-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The fluid-absent reaction 12 zoisite = 3 lawsonite + 7 grossular + 8 kyanite + 1 coesite was experimentally reversed in the model system CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O (CASH) using a multi-anvil apparatus. The upper pressure stability limit for zoisite was found to extend to 5.0 GPa at 700 °C and to 6.6 GPa at 950 °C. Additional experiments both in the H2O-SiO2-saturated and in the H2O-Al2O3-saturated portions of CASH provide further constraints on high pressure phase relationships of lawsonite, zoisite, grossular, kyanite, coesite, and an aqueous fluid. Consistency of the present experiments with the H2O-saturated breakdown of lawsonite is demonstrated by thermodynamic analysis using linear programming techniques. Two sets of data consistent with databases of Berman (1988) and Holland and Powell (1990) were retrieved combining experimental phase relationships, calorimetric constraints, and recently measured elastic properties of solid phases. The best fits result in G f ,1,298 ∘,zoisite=−6,499,400 J and S 1,298 ∘,zoisite=302 J/K, and G f ,1,298 ∘,lawsonite=−4,514,600 J and S 1,298 ∘,lawsonite=220 J/K for the dataset of Holland and Powell, and G f ,1,298 ∘,zoisite=−6,492,120 J and S 1,298 ∘,zoisite=304 J/K, and G f ,1,298 ∘,lawsonite=−4,513,000 J and S 1,298 ∘,lawsonite= 218 J/K for the dataset of Berman. Examples of the usage of zoisite as a geohygrometer and as a geobarometer in rocks metamorphosed at eclogite facies conditions are worked, profiting from the thermodynamic properties retrieved here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050357
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Error indicators and mesh refinements for finite-element-computations of elastoplastic deformations (1998)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 22 (1998), S. 225-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Many interesting tasks in technology need the solution of complex boundary value problems within the mathematical theory of elastoplasticity. Error controlled adaptive strategies should be used in order to achieve a prescribed accuracy of the computed solutions at minimum cost. Local error indicators in the primal form of the finite-element-method for Hencky- and Prandtl–Reußplasticity without and with nonlinear hardening are presented, controlling global errors of equilibrium, plastic strain rates, the yield condition and the numerical integration of the flow rule. A 2D finite element code was extended for the transfer of physical parameters between meshes and for a combined space and time adaptive strategy. All error indicators are tested with the benchmark example of a rectangular plane strain problem with a hole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050356
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sub-nanomol per second flow measurement near atmospheric pressure (1998)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 25 (1998), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  We present a measurement technique designed to accurately measure small flow rates near atmospheric pressure, and demonstrate the ability to measure flows on the order of 10-10 mol/sec. The technique is based upon a modification of a constant-volume mass accumulation scheme where the flow rate is measured by monitoring the change in pressure of a known volume of gas. We identify two phenomena, thermally-induced fluctuations and thermodynamically-induced fluctuations, which will affect the resolution and dynamic range of the instrumentation and discuss how the problems associated with them can be mitigated. We estimate the resolution to be approximately 2.0×10-13 mol/s, and the maximum measurable flow rate to be to the order 2×10-9 mol/s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über das Verhalten von Tabaksorten und Nicotianaarten gegen den Erreger des „Wildfeuers”,Pseudomonas tabaci, mit Berücksichtigung züchterischer Fragen (1935)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 7 (1935), S. 208-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01812060
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manufacturing pinhole arrays for X-ray source diagnostics using LIGA (1998)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 4 (1998), S. 184-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The manufacturing of pinhole arrays with diameters 10 μm up to 60 μm in 100–300 μm gold foils is described using LIGA. These structures are used to characterize the electron beam in a storage ring by means of the emitted synchrotron radiation. The source inside the bending magnet 13 at BESSY I (single bunch mode, 70 mA ring current, pinholes: ∅60 μm) is (448±40) μm in height and (768±40)μm in horizontal width. For BESSY II pinholes with ∅ 10–20 μm will be used utilizing bending magnet radiation (resolution ∼10 μm), single pinholes with 1–5 μm in diameter are dedicated to insertion device characterization (coherence).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050127
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freezing in confined suspensions (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Confined fluids ; freezing transitions ; colloidal suspensions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The freezing transition of hard sphere colloids confined between two parallel hard plates is studied for different plate distances ranging from one to two particle diameters. Using Monte Carlo simulations and free volume theory, the full phase diagram is obtained exhibiting solid-to-solid transitions between buckled, rhombic and layered crystals involving several triangular or square layers. While the fluid freezing transition is always strongly first order, both strong and extremely weak transitions occur between different crystalline structures. These predictions should be experimentally observable in confined suspensions of sterically stabilized or highly salted charge-stabilized colloidal particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182418
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyorganosiloxane-microgels as probes for forced Rayleigh scattering (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 129-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polyorganosiloxane ; microgels-colloids ; forced Rayleigh scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the synthesis of microgel spheres of 10 nm radius which are suitable as probes to study diffusion by forced Rayleigh scattering (FRS), a holographic grating technique. Those particles are obtained by a copolycondensation in microemulsion. The main advantage of organosiloxanes compared to purely organic monomers as styrene or methacrylate is the simple chemical functionalization of the particles. A rich choice of silane monomers which may be copolycondensated with the standard monomer trimethoxymethylsilane are commercially available. One of those, chlorobenzyltrimethoxysilane, is used as a coupling agent to attach the photoreactive dye orthonitrostilbene (ONS) to the microgel spheres. All samples are characterized by light scattering, GPC and electron microscopy. In addition, we determined the content of photoreactive dye chemically attached to the spherical particles by UV/visible absorption-spectroscopy. Our nano-particles are redispersible in organic solvents such as toluene or THF up to weight fractions as high as 50 wt%. To prove applicability of the particles as FRS probes we show some preliminary results obtained from FRS measurements of highly concentrated toluene solutions (particle concentration 45–50 wt%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182428
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