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  • Chemistry  (339)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (64)
  • 1990-1994  (299)
  • 1965-1969  (98)
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  • 1993  (299)
  • 1969  (98)
  • 1898  (6)
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  • 1990-1994  (299)
  • 1965-1969  (98)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1890-1899  (6)
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  • 1
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    On magnetodynamic effects initiated by a high-speed impact of a large cosmic body upon the Earth's surface (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-25
    Beschreibung: The impact of a large cosmic body with typical size R approximately = 1 km (mass M approximately = 4-10 Gt for a stony or icy body) moving with velocity V approximately = 50-70 km/s (kinetic energy of the order of 10 exp 21 J or 10 exp 6 Mt of TMT) on the Earth's surface leads to a full vaporization of a body and of a significant part of substance of the upper layers of the Earth and even to the ionization of this vapor cloud. As a result, a hypersonic jet of air and erosion plasma is formed. The kinetic energy E sub J is far above the total energy of the geomagnetic field of the Earth (approximately equivalent to the energy of 100 Mt) and the total mass of a fast-moving part of the jet M sub j approximately = 10 exp 12 kg is far above the mass of atmosphere in the jet expansion cone. Thus, the jet will propagate practically inertially with the constant mean velocity U approximately = 10-20 km/s and even higher. The interaction of this plasma jet with the Earth's magnetic field causes magnetodynamic effects similar to those which are produced by cosmic nuclear explosions but of a larger scale. The preliminary results of experimental and numerical modeling of the plasma jet-magnetosphere interaction are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: N-Z; p 1063-1064
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  • 2
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    A ROSAT observation of NGC 5548 (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We present a detailed spectral and temporal analysis of a long ROSAT PSPC pointing centered on the bright Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548. The spectrum is particularly complex, with a two-component model favored, confirming the existence of the soft excess in this source. In addition, an absorption feature arising from highly ionized oxygen in the line of sight has been detected, consistent with an origin in the 'warm absorber' which has been found to be a common feature in Seyfert galaxies observed by Ginga. The energy and depth of the feature should allow us to constrain the density and geometry of the absorbing gas, which may lie close to the central continuum source. NGC 5548 was in a low X-ray state during the observation, brightening by a factor of about 2 on a time-scale of about 2 d. Time-resolved spectral analysis shows a change in the ratio of the hard and soft fluxes, consistent with reprocessing models.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711); 260; 3; p. 504-512.
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Atmospheric breakup of a small comet in the Earth's atmosphere (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-25
    Beschreibung: The aerodynamic stresses can lead to the deformation and even to destruction of the meteoroids during their flight through the atmosphere. The pressure at the blunt nose of the cosmic body moving at very high speed through the dense layers of the atmosphere may be much larger than the tensile or the compressive strength of the body. So the usage of the hydrodynamics theory is validated. The estimates show that the transverse velocity of the substance of the body U is of the order of (rho(sub a)/rho(sub o))(sup 1/2)V where V is the velocity of the body and rho(sub o) is its density, rho(sub a) is the density of the atmosphere. The separation of the fragments is larger than the diameter of the body D if D is less than D(sub c) = 2H(square root of rho(sub a)/rho(sub o)), where H is the characteristic scale of the atmosphere. For an icy body one obtains U = 1/30(V) and critical diameter D(sub C) = 500 m. The process of the disintegration of the body is still not fully understood and so one can use the numerical simulation to investigate it. Such simulations where conducted for the Venusian atmosphere and the gaseous equation of state of the body was used. For the Earth atmosphere for the velocity V = 50 km/s the pressure at the blunt nose of the body is 25 kbar, and is of the order of bulk modulus of compressibility of the water or ice. The realistic EOS of water in tabular form was used. It was assumed that the initial shape of the body was spherical and the initial diameter D(sub o) of the body is 200 m and so it is smaller than the critical diameter D(sub C). The initial kinetic energy of the icy body is equivalent to the energy of the explosion 1200 Mt of TNT. The results of the simulation of the deformation of the body during its vertical flight through the atmosphere and during its impact into the ocean are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: N-Z; p 1417-1418
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Chaunskij: The most highly metamorphosed, shock-modified and metal-rich mesosiderite (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-25
    Beschreibung: The 1990 g Chaunskij meteorite was found in 1985 and classified as an anomalous ungrouped iron. It contains approximately 10 vol. percent mono- and polymineralic troilite-phosphate-silicate inclusions, microns to centimeters in size. We proposed its affinity with mesosiderites; here we present mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic data establishing that Chaunskij is the most highly metamorphosed, shock-modified, and metal-rich of the mesosiderites. The most striking manifestation of metamorphism in Chaunskij is the presence in it of a cordierite-bearing assemblage substituting for basalt lithology.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: N-Z; p 1131-1132
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Relativistic electron-positron beams in gamma-ray bursters (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-14
    Beschreibung: Beams of relativistic electrons and/or positrons leaving the surface of a strongly magnetized neutron star may give rise to gamma-ray bursts. The beams could be accelerated by strong, magnetically aligned electric fields that are produced by oscillations of the stellar surface. Here we investigate the particle acceleration in these electric fields, the resulting electron-positron pair cascade, and the gamma-ray emission. We find that beams of electrons and positrons moving parallel to the magnetic field are generated, with a reported differential energy distribution. These beams produce the bulk of the gamma-ray burst radiation below about 1 MeV by the resonant Compton scattering of thermal photons emitted from the stellar surface. The escaping synchrotron radiation from the cascade dominates the radiation spectrum above about 1 MeV.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 410; 1; p. 315-322.
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Tentative identification of formaldehyde in the Martian atmosphere (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: Solar occultation observations of the Martian atmosphere near the limb of the planet were performed during the Phobos mission by means of the Auguste infrared spectrometer in the ranges 2707-2740 and 5392-5272/cm with a resolving power of approximately = 1300. The spectra exhibit features at 2710 and 2730/cm which have not been identified previously. After applying a set of corrections to the data and examining the spectra of various molecules, we are led to conclude that the best candidate for the above-mentioned features is formaldehyde (CH2O). It was observed in eight of the nine successful occultation sequences, mainly between 8 and 20 km with an average mixing ratio of 0.5 (+0.8, - 0.3) ppm (there are no good data below 8 km). The observations are performed in equatorial spring conditions. The altitude distribution of formaldehyde reveals correlation with the permanent haze opacity.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 41; 6; p. 441-451
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Über die Reaktion von Ketiminen mit Phosgen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2972-2976 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Am Stickstoff nicht substituierte Ketimine reagieren mit Phosgen zu N-Chlorcarbonyl ketiminen (1), die mit α-Chlor-alkylisocyanaten im Gleichgewicht stehen. Die Umsetzung von 1 mit Alkoholen und primären Aminen führt zu den Verbindungen 3-6, Derivaten der zwei tautomeren Formen. N-Fluorcarbonyl-ketimine liegen nach IR-und 19F-NMR-Spektren vollständig in der Struktur 2 vor, reagieren aber mit primären Aminen zu Derivaten beider Tautomeren.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020912
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increased oxygen mass transfer rates from single bubbles in microbial systems at low reynolds numbers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 647-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The presence of microorganisms have been shown to increase by over 40% the mass transfer rates from small oxygen bubbles at low Reynolds number flow. This increase was found to be due only to the microbe cells as inert particles disrupting the quasi-static liquid surface film surrounding the gas bubble and thus decreasing the gas-liquid interfacial resistance. The observed increase in oxygen mass transfer rates was not dependent on cell viability, no effect was noted due to cell-liquid interfacial resistance, nor was the phenomenon due to altering the physical properties of the liquid during cell propagation. These results were obtained in a unique plexiglass apparatus designed for observing under a microscope a small (0.4 mm dia.) stationary oxygen bubble collapsing into a flowing fluid. The oxygen bubble was injected by a small hypodermic needle and the fluid was suspensions of the yeast Candida intermedia, the bacterium Pseudomonas ovalis, 0.3μ alumina, as well as base points of cell free broth and pure water. Several well-known chemical inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation were used to limit cell oxygen uptake. Calculations of oxygen mass transfer rates were compared with the semi-empirical model of Frössling, the circulating sphere model of Levich, and the rigid sphere concentration boundary layer model of Fried-lander, the latter two showing strong Reynolds number dependence that may be due to radial fluid motion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110411
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of heat evolution and correlation with oxygen consumption during microbial growthThis paper was presented in part at the 154th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, III., Sept. 11, 1967. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 269-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A procedure for measuring the rate of heat production from a fermentation has been developed. The method is based on measuring the rate of temperature rise of the fermentation broth resulting from metabolism, when the temperature controller is turned off. The heat accumulation measured in this manner is then corrected for heat losses and gains. A sensitive thermistor is used to follow the temperature rise with time. This procedure is shown to be as accurate as previous methods but much simpler in execution. Using this technique, the rate of heat production during metabolism was found to correlate with the rate of oxygen consumption. Experiments were performed using bacteria (E. coli and B. subtilis), a yeast (C. intermedia), and a mold (A. niger). The substrates investigated included glucose, molasses, and soy bean meal. The proportionality constant for the correlation is independent of the growth rate, slightly dependent on the substrate, and possibly dependent On the type of organism growth. This correlation has considerable potential for predicting heat evolution from the metabolism of microorganisms on simple or complex substrates and providing quantitative parameters necessary for heat removal calculations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110302
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peroxidase and laccase as catalysts for removal of the phenylhydrazide protecting group under mild conditions (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 1137-1141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): peroxidase ; laccase ; phenylhydrazide protecting group ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new method is proposed for the removal of the phenylhydrazide protecting group by the action of peroxidase or laccase, the enzymes attributed to the class of oxidoreductases. The deblocking procedure is performed under mild oxidative conditions, i.e., aqueous solution and neutral or close to neutral pH. Such mild oxidizing agents as 1 mM H2O2 and air oxygen are used for unmasking. The method is available for the deblocking of both α- and γ-carboxyl groups. The enzyme-catalyzed removal of the phenylhydrazide protecting group causes no oxidative modification nor destruction of methionine or tryptophan side chains. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260421002
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