ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Revegetation techniques along the trans-Alaska pipeline as employed by Alyeska Pipeline Service Company during the 1975-1978 summers were observed. Objectives included determining the success of treatments, identifying problem areas, and noticing long-term implications. Observations and photographs at 60 sites located along the trans-Alaska pipeline indicated frequent occurrence of successful revegetation as well as frequent problems, such as erosion, slope instability, poor scheduling of seed application, occurrence of weed species, failure to optimally reuse topsoil and fine-grained soil, and low rates of native species reinvation. Alyeska's visual impact engineering was observed to be very successful, as shown by high first-season survival. However, a related program for establishing willow cuttings was unsuccessful in 1977 but appeared very promising in 1978 largely due to improved management and more favorable growing conditions. Terrain disturbances due to the construction of the fuel gas line, snowpads, and oil spills were examined to identify and describe related environmental impacts on natural vegetation. Proper construction and use of snowpads minimized the extent and severity of disturbance. Crude oil spills, although damaging to vegetation did not cause total kill of vegetation, and certain types of spills may have only short-term effects. Results of restoration research by CRREL along the trans-Alaska pipeline are discussed.

Description / Table of Contents: During the growing seasons of 1977, 1978, and 1979, revegetation techniques were studied on the Chena River Lakes Project, a flood control dam and levee near Fairbanks, Alaska, to find an optimal treatment for establishing permanent vegetation cover on the gravel structures. The treatments tested on plots at the dam andor levee involved three main variables 1 vegetation grass and clover seed andor willow cuttings, 2 mulch, mulch blanket, andor sludge, and 3 substrate gravel or fine-grained soil over the gravel base. The mulches were hay, wood-cellulose-fiber, peat moss, and Conwed Hydro Mulch 2000, which is a wood-cellulose-fiber mulch with a polysaccharide tackifier. A constant rate of fertilizer was applied to all plots except the control. A section of each plot was refertilized again in their third growing season to compare annual and biannual fertilization. The high fertilization rate produced above-average growth. Fescue, brome, and foxtail were the most productive species on the dam, while alsike cover was the most productive on the wetter levee site. When grass seed and willow cuttings were planted at the same time, willow survival and growth were reduced. Fertilization is required for at least two years to produce an acceptable permanent vegetation cover, although fine- grained soil or sludge reduces the amount of fertilizer needed in the second year. Third-year fertilization may not be necessary since the benefits of the second fertilization continue for at least two years. A sludge treatment refertilized during its second growing season produces the highest biomass recorded in this study.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Subaqueous mass movements in the context of observations of contemporary slope failure / Joshu J. Mountjoy, Aggeliki Georgiopoulou, Jason Chaytor, Michael A. Clare, Davide Gamboa and Jasper Moernaut / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 1-12, 26 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-237 --- Section A: consequences and implications --- Revisiting the tsunamigenic volcanic flank collapse of Fogo Island in the Cape Verdes, offshore West Africa / Rachel Barrett, Elodie Lebas, Ricardo Ramalho, Ingo Klaucke, Steffen Kutterolf, Andreas Klügel, Katja Lindhorst, Felix Gross and Sebastian Krastel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 13-26, 13 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-187 --- The sedimentology and tsunamigenic potential of the Byron submarine landslide off New South Wales, Australia / Kendall C. Mollison, Hannah E. Power, Samantha L. Clarke, Alan T. Baxter, Emily M. Lane and Thomas C. T. Hubble / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 27-40, 7 April 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-160 --- Effects of rotational submarine slump dynamics on tsunami genesis: new insight from idealized models and the 1929 Grand Banks event / T. Zengaffinen, F. Løvholt, G. K. Pedersen and C. B. Harbitz / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 41-61, 11 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-201 --- A scenario-based assessment of the tsunami hazard in Palermo, northern Sicily, and the southern Tyrrhenian Sea / Jack Dignan, Aaron Micallef, Christof Mueller, Attilio Sulli, Elisabetta Zizzo and Daniele Spatola / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 63-80, 31 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-181 --- A workflow for the rapid assessment of the landslide-tsunami hazard in peri-alpine lakes / Michael Strupler, Flavio S. Anselmetti, Michael Hilbe, Katrina Kremer and Stefan Wiemer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 81-95, 18 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-166 --- Towards a national-scale assessment of the subaqueous mass movement hazard in Canada / D. Gwyn Lintern, Jessica Rutherford, Philip R. Hill, Calvin Campbell and Alexandre Normandeau / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 97-113, 11 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-206 --- Structural constraints on the subduction of mass-transport deposits in convergent margins / Jacob Geersen, Andrea Festa and Francesca Remitti / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 115-128, 13 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-174 --- Evaluating the sealing potential of young and thin mass-transport deposits: Lake Villarrica, Chile / Jasper Moernaut, Gauvain Wiemer, Achim Kopf and Michael Strasser / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 129-146, 13 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-155 --- Influence of mass transport deposit (MTD) surface topography on deep-water deposition: an example from a predominantly fine-grained continental margin, New Zealand / Suzanne Bull, Greg H. Browne, Malcolm J. Arnot and Lorna J. Strachan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 147-171, 28 April 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-192 --- Section B: initiation, triggers and preconditioning --- A multi-disciplinary investigation of the AFEN Slide: the relationship between contourites and submarine landslides / Ricarda Gatter, Michael A. Clare, James E. Hunt, Millie Watts, B. N. Madhusudhan, Peter J. Talling and Katrin Huhn / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 173-193, 28 April 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-184 --- Indonesian Throughflow as a preconditioning mechanism for submarine landslides in the Makassar Strait / Rachel E. Brackenridge, Uisdean Nicholson, Benyamin Sapiie, Dorrik Stow and Dave R. Tappin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 195-217, 1 April 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-171 --- Morphological signature of gully development by rapid slide retrogression in a layered coarse-grained delta foreslope / Jacques Locat, Ali Azizian, Jim Stronach, Aurélien Hospital, Chris Young, Dominique Turmel and Andrew Bevan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 219-234, 13 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-159 --- Morphology and spatio-temporal distribution of lacustrine mass-transport deposits in Wörthersee, Eastern Alps, Austria / Christoph Daxer, Maddalena Sammartini, Ariana Molenaar, Thomas Piechl, Michael Strasser and Jasper Moernaut / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 235-254, 19 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-179 --- A numerical investigation of excess pore pressures and continental slope stability in response to ice-sheet dynamics / Morelia Urlaub, Isabel Kratzke and Berit Oline Hjelstuen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 255-266, 13 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-185 --- Impact of sea-level fluctuations on the sedimentation patterns of the SE African margin: implications for slope instability / Aaron Micallef, Aggeliki Georgiopoulou, Andrew Green and Vittorio Maselli / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 267-276, 13 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-172 --- Geomechanical behaviour of gassy soils and implications for submarine slope stability: a literature analysis / P. Kaminski, M. Urlaub, J. Grabe and C. Berndt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 277-288, 13 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-149 --- From gravity cores to overpressure history: the importance of measured sediment physical properties in hydrogeological models / Davide Mencaroni, Jaume Llopart, Roger Urgeles, Sara Lafuerza, Eulàlia Gràcia, Anne Le Friant and Morelia Urlaub / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 289-300, 22 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-176 --- The influence of clay content on submarine slope failure: insights from laboratory experiments and numerical models / M. M. W. Silver and B. Dugan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 301-309, 26 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-186 --- Subduction of an extinct rift and its role in the formation of submarine landslides in NW South America / Carlos A. Vargas, Gustavo A. Gutiérrez and Gustavo A. Sarmiento / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 311-322, 12 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-189 --- Section C: characterization and regional controls --- Mass wasting on Alpha Ridge in the Arctic Ocean: new insights from multibeam bathymetry and sub-bottom profiler data / Kai Boggild, David C. Mosher, Paola Travaglini, Catalina Gebhardt and Larry Mayer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 323-340, 13 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-196 --- The Last Glacial Maximum Balearic Abyssal Plain megabed revisited / Antonio Cattaneo, Shray Badhani, Cristina Caradonna, Massimo Bellucci, Estelle Leroux, Nathalie Babonneau, Sébastien Garziglia, Jeffrey Poort, Grigorii G. Akhmanov, Germain Bayon, Bernard Dennielou, Gwenäel Jouet, Sébastien Migeon, Marina Rabineau, Laurence Droz and Michael Clare / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 341-357, 14 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-188 --- Integrated geophysical, sedimentological and geotechnical investigation of submarine landslides in the Gulf of Lions (Western Mediterranean) / Shray Badhani, Antonio Cattaneo, Stefano Collico, Roger Urgeles, Bernard Dennielou, Estelle Leroux, Florent Colin, Sebastien Garziglia, Marina Rabineau and Laurence Droz / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 359-376, 14 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-175 --- Characterization of recent deep-sea debrites in the eastern Mediterranean based on foraminiferal taphonomy / Oded Katz, Leeron Ashkenazi, Shani Sultan-Levi, Sigal Abramovich, Ahuva Almogi-Labin and Orit Hyams-Kaphzan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 377-391, 11 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-170 --- Widespread mass-wasting processes off NE Sicily (Italy): insights from morpho-bathymetric analysis / Daniele Casalbore, Romano Clementucci, Alessandro Bosman, Francesco Latino Chiocci, Eleonora Martorelli and Domenico Ridente / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 393-403, 15 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-195 --- Geomorphology and event-stratigraphy of recent mass-movement processes in Lake Hallstatt (UNESCO World Heritage Cultural Landscape, Austria) / Michael Strasser, T. Berberich, S. Fabbri, M. Hilbe, J-J. S. Huang, S. Lauterbach, M. Ortler, H. Rechschreiter, A. Brauer, F. Anselmetti and K. Kowarik / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 405-426, 31 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-178 --- Slope stability hazard in a fjord environment: Douglas Channel, Canada / Cooper D. Stacey, D. Gwyn Lintern, John Shaw and Kim W. Conway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 427-451, 20 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-191 --- Submarine canyons, slope failures and mass transport processes in southern Cascadia / Jenna C. Hill, Janet T. Watt, Daniel S. Brothers and Jared W. Kluesner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 453-475, 20 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-169 --- Tectonic and geomorphic controls on the distribution of submarine landslides across active and passive margins, eastern New Zealand / S. J. Watson, J. J. Mountjoy and G. J. Crutchley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 477-494, 13 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-165 --- Geological and tectonic controls on morphometrics of submarine landslides of the Spanish margins / Ricardo León, Roger Urgeles, Raul Pérez-López, Emilio Payo, Amanda Vázquez-Izquierdo, Carmen Julia Giménez-Moreno and David Casas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 495-513, 20 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-153 --- Section D: mobility and kinematics --- Megaclasts within mass-transport deposits: their origin, characteristics and effect on substrates and succeeding flows / Jefferson Nwoko, Ian Kane and Mads Huuse / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 515-530, 31 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-146 --- Line length balancing to evaluate multi-phase submarine landslide development: an example from the Storegga Slide, Norway / Suzanne Bull and Joseph A. Cartwright / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 531-549, 23 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-168 --- A new depositional model for the Tuaheni Landslide Complex, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand / Benjamin Couvin, Aggeliki Georgiopoulou, Joshu J. Mountjoy, Lawrence Amy, Gareth J. Crutchley, Morgane Brunet, Sebastian Cardona, Felix Gross, Christoph Böttner, Sebastian Krastel and Ingo Pecher / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 551-566, 19 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-180 --- Mass transport deposits in the Donegal Barra Fan and their association with British–Irish Ice Sheet dynamics / Srikumar Roy, Aggeliki Georgiopoulou, Sara Benetti and Fabio Sacchetti / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 567-586, 18 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-177 --- Short- and long-term movement of mudflows of the Mississippi River Delta Front and their known and potential impacts on oil and gas infrastructure / Jason D. Chaytor, Wayne E. Baldwin, Samuel J. Bentley, Melanie Damour, Douglas Jones, Jillian Maloney, Michael D. Miner, Jeff Obelcz and Kehui Xu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 587-604, 26 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-183 --- Lessons learned from the monitoring of turbidity currents and guidance for future platform designs / Michael Clare, D. Gwyn Lintern, Kurt Rosenberger, John E. Hughes Clarke, Charles Paull, Roberto Gwiazda, Matthieu J. B. Cartigny, Peter J. Talling, Daniel Perara, Jingping Xu, Daniel Parsons, Ricardo Silva Jacinto and Ronan Apprioual / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 605-634, 22 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-173