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  • Articles  (182)
  • Animals  (108)
  • Humans  (106)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1985-1989  (182)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1988  (182)
  • Science. 242(4885): 1502.  (2)
  • Science. 239(4835): 21-3.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4835): 25-6.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4835): 57-61.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4836): 162-9.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4837): 257-8.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4838): 351.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4838): 352-3.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4839): 457.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4839): 463-4.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4839): 494-7.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4839): 502-4.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4840): 564.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4840): 573-9.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4840): 597-603.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4840): 628-31.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4840): 648-50.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4841 Pt 1): 725-6.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4841 Pt 1): 769-71.  (1)
  • Science. 239(4841 Pt 1): 775-7.  (1)
  • 25
Collection
  • Articles  (182)
Keywords
Years
  • 1985-1989  (182)
  • 1965-1969
Year
Journal
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1988-11-11
    Description: Increasing mortality in intravenous (IV) drug users not reported to surveillance as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has occurred in New York City coincident with the AIDS epidemic. From 1981 to 1986, narcotics-related deaths increased on average 32% per year from 492 in 1981 to 1996 in 1986. This increase included deaths from AIDS increasing from 0 to 905 and deaths from other causes, many of which were infectious diseases, increasing from 492 to 1091. Investigations of these deaths suggest a causal association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These deaths may represent a spectrum of HIV-related disease that has not been identified through AIDS surveillance and has resulted in a large underestimation of the impact of AIDS on IV drug users and blacks and Hispanics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stoneburner, R L -- Des Jarlais, D C -- Benezra, D -- Gorelkin, L -- Sotheran, J L -- Friedman, S R -- Schultz, S -- Marmor, M -- Mildvan, D -- Maslansky, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 11;242(4880):916-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉AIDS Research Unit, New York City Department of Health, NY 10013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3187532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology/microbiology ; Cause of Death ; Endocarditis/complications ; Hiv ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; New York City ; Pneumonia/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/*complications/epidemiology/mortality ; Tuberculosis/complications
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1988-07-15
    Description: In 1979, a mass poisoning occurred in Taiwan from cooking oil contaminated by thermally degraded polychlorinated biphenyls. Because these chemicals persist in human tissue, children born to female patients after the outbreak were exposed in utero. In 1985, 117 children born to affected women and 108 unexposed controls were examined and evaluated. The exposed children were shorter and lighter than controls; they had abnormalities of gingiva, skin, nails, teeth, and lungs more frequently than did controls. The exposed children showed delay of developmental milestones, deficits on formal developmental testing, and abnormalities on behavioral assessment. These findings are most consistent with a generalized disorder of ectodermal tissue. This syndrome is one of very few documented to result from transplacental exposure to pollutant chemicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogan, W J -- Gladen, B C -- Hung, K L -- Koong, S L -- Shih, L Y -- Taylor, J S -- Wu, Y C -- Yang, D -- Ragan, N B -- Hsu, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):334-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3133768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conjunctivitis/chemically induced/congenital ; Female ; Growth Disorders/chemically induced ; Humans ; Lactation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Nails, Malformed ; Oils/*adverse effects ; Pigmentation Disorders/chemically induced/congenital ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*poisoning ; Pregnancy ; Taiwan
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1988-03-25
    Description: The induction of an immune response in mammals is initiated by specifically reactive T lymphocytes. The specificity of the reaction is mediated by a complex receptor, part of which is highly variable in sequence and analogous to immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain variable domains. The functional specificity of the T cell antigen receptor is, however, markedly different from immunoglobulins in that it mediates cell-cell interactions via the simultaneous recognition of foreign antigens and major histocompatibility complex-encoded molecules expressed on the surface of various lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. The relation between the structure of the receptor and its functional specificity was investigated by analyzing the primary sequences of the receptors expressed by a series of T lymphocyte clones specific for a model antigen, pigeon cytochrome c. Within this set of T lymphocyte clones there was a striking selection for amino acid sequences in the receptor beta-chain in the region analogous to the third complementarity-determining region of immunoglobulins. Thus, despite the functional differences between T cell antigen receptors and immunoglobulin molecules, analogous regions appear to be important in determining ligand specificity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedrick, S M -- Engel, I -- McElligott, D L -- Fink, P J -- Hsu, M L -- Hansburg, D -- Matis, L A -- AI00662/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI21372/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM35880/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 25;239(4847):1541-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Clone Cells/immunology ; Columbidae ; Cytochrome c Group/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/immunology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1988-05-13
    Description: Treatment of chick embryos in ovo with crude and partially purified extracts from embryonic hindlimbs (days 8 to 9) during the normal cell death period (days 5 to 10) rescues a significant number of motoneurons from degeneration. The survival activity of partially purified extract was dose-dependent and developmentally regulated. The survival of sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and a population of cholinergic sympathetic preganglionic neurons was unaffected by treatment with hindlimb extract. The massive motoneuron death that occurs after early target (hindlimb) removal was partially ameliorated by daily treatment with the hindlimb extract. These results indicate that a target-derived neurotrophic factor is involved in the regulation of motoneuron survival in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oppenheim, R W -- Haverkamp, L J -- Prevette, D -- McManaman, J L -- Appel, S H -- NS 20402/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 23058/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):919-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, Wake Forest University, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3363373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ammonium Sulfate ; Animals ; Cell Survival ; Chemical Fractionation ; Chick Embryo ; Growth Substances/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Hindlimb ; Motor Neurons/*cytology ; Muscles/analysis/embryology/innervation ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Tissue Extracts/isolation & purification/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1988-08-26
    Description: In situ hybridization was used to assess total amyloid protein precursor (APP) messenger RNA and the subset of APP mRNA containing the Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI) insert in 11 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 7 control brains. In AD, a significant twofold increase was observed in total APP mRNA in nucleus basalis and locus ceruleus neurons but not in hippocampal subicular neurons, neurons of the basis pontis, or occipital cortical neurons. The increase in total APP mRNA in locus ceruleus and nucleus basalis neurons was due exclusively to an increase in APP mRNA lacking the KPI domain. These findings suggest that increased production of APP lacking the KPI domain in nucleus basalis and locus ceruleus neurons may play an important role in the deposition of cerebral amyloid that occurs in AD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmert, M R -- Golde, T E -- Cohen, M L -- Kovacs, D M -- Tanzi, R E -- Gusella, J F -- Usiak, M F -- Younkin, L H -- Younkin, S G -- 5T32GM07250/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AG06656/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH43444/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 26;241(4869):1080-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuropathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2457949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Amyloid/*genetics ; Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Locus Coeruleus/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Operator Regions, Genetic ; Plasmids ; Protein Precursors/*genetics ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Complementary ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Trypsin Inhibitors/genetics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Cell types associated with angiotensinogen mRNA in rat brain were identified in individual brain sections by in situ hybridization with tritiated RNA probes or with a sulfur-35--labeled oligonucleotide combined with immunocytochemical detection of either glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for astrocytes or microtubule-associated protein (MAP-2) for neurons. Autoradiography revealed silver grains clustered primarily over GFAP-reactive soma and processes; most grain clusters were not associated with MAP-2--reactive cells. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to other known neuropeptide precursors, angiotensinogen is synthesized by glia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stornetta, R L -- Hawelu-Johnson, C L -- Guyenet, P G -- Lynch, K R -- R01 HL33513/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1444-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensinogen/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis ; Histocytochemistry ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1988-02-12
    Description: Mesoderm induction in the amphibian embryo can be studied by exposing animal region explants (destined to become ectoderm) to appropriate stimuli and assaying the appearance of mesodermal products like alpha-actin messenger RNA. Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2), but not TGF-beta 1, was active in alpha-actin induction, while addition of fibroblast growth factor had a small synergistic effect. Medium conditioned by Xenopus XTC cells (XTC-CM), known to have powerful mesoderm-inducing activity, was shown to contain TGF-beta-like activity as measured by a radioreceptor binding assay, colony formation in NRK cells, and growth inhibition in CCL64 cells. The activity of XTC-CM in mesoderm induction and in growth inhibition of CCL64 cells was inhibited partially by antibodies to TGF-beta 2 but not by antibodies to TGF-beta 1. Thus, a TGF-beta 2-like molecule may be involved in mesoderm induction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosa, F -- Roberts, A B -- Danielpour, D -- Dart, L L -- Sporn, M B -- Dawid, I B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 12;239(4841 Pt 1):783-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3422517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Amphibians/*embryology ; Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Mesoderm/*physiology ; Peptides/pharmacology/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Xenopus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1988-05-20
    Description: Class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules have an immunoregulatory role. These cell-surface glycoproteins present fragments of protein antigens (or peptides) to thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells). Nucleotide sequence polymorphism in the genes that encode the class II MHC products determines the specificity of the immune response and is correlated with the development of autoimmune diseases. This study identifies certain class II polymorphic amino acid residues that are strongly associated with susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and pemphigus vulgaris. These findings implicate particular class II MHC isotypes in susceptibility to each disease and suggest new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Todd, J A -- Acha-Orbea, H -- Bell, J I -- Chao, N -- Fronek, Z -- Jacob, C O -- McDermott, M -- Sinha, A A -- Timmerman, L -- Steinman, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 20;240(4855):1003-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Microbiology, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3368786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology ; Autoantibodies/*genetics ; Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology ; HLA-D Antigens/*genetics ; Humans ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pemphigus/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: The development of electrophysiological properties of isolated, identified ascidian blastomeres was followed from the fertilized egg to the neurula, and the stage at which cells of different lineages first express different functional ion channel populations was determined. Little has been known about such events because of the difficulties of making voltage-clamp recordings from small embryonic cells and of identifying their developmental fates in dissociated preparations. The problem of small cell size was circumvented by using the whole-cell patch clamp, and identification was facilitated by the use of a species of ascidian, Boltenia villosa, in which endogenous pigment marks cells of specific developmental fates. Within approximately 3 hours after gastrulation, muscle-lineage blastomeres in these embryos developed a voltage-dependent calcium current while surrounding blastomeres of other lineages did not. At about the same time, all cells developed delayed outward potassium currents and lost the inwardly rectifying potassium currents present at earlier stages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simoncini, L -- Block, M L -- Moody, W J -- HD 17486/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS07775/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1572-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2849207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Gastrula/physiology ; Muscles/embryology/physiology ; Potassium Channels/physiology ; Urochordata/*embryology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: Regulation of the synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulin mu heavy chains at the level of RNA processing is an important element for B cell development. The precursor mu RNA is either polyadenylated at the upstream poly(A) site (for the secreted form) or spliced (for the membrane-bound form) in a mutually exclusive manner. When the mouse mu gene linked to the SV40/HSV-TK hybrid promoter was microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, the mu messenger RNA (mRNA) was altered by coinjection of nuclei of mouse surface IgM-bearing B-lymphoma cells to include the synthesis of the membrane-bound form. An increase in the membrane-bound form was not observed when nuclei of IgM-secreting hybridoma cells or fibroblast cells were coinjected. Deletion of the upstream poly(A) site did not eliminate the effect of B-lymphoma nuclei suggesting that membrane-specific splicing is stimulated. Further, splicing of other mu gene introns was not affected by coinjection of B-lymphoma nuclei. These results suggest that mature B cells contain one or more transacting nuclear factors that stimulate splicing specific for membrane-bound mu mRNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsurushita, N -- Ho, L -- Korn, L J -- AI21298/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3124268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Hybridomas/ultrastructure ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Introns ; Lymphoma/*immunology/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xenopus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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