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Influence of Oil and Gas Emissions on Summertime Ozone in the Colorado Northern Front Range (2016)

Erin E. McDuffie, Peter M. Edwards, Jessica B. Gilman, Brian M. Lerner, William P. Dubé, Michael Trainer, Daniel E. Wolfe, Wayne M. Angevine, Joost de; Gouw, Eric J. Williams, Alex G. Tevlin, Jennifer G. Murphy, Emily V. Fischer, Stuart McKeen, Thomas B. Ryerson, Jeff Peischl, John S. Holloway, Kenneth Aikin, Andrew O. Langford, Christoph J. Senff, Raul J. Alvarez, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Kathy O. Lantz, Steven S. Brown

Wiley

In: Journal of Geophysical Research JGR - Atmospheres

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Publication Date: 2016-07-10

Description: Tropospheric O 3 has been decreasing across much of the eastern U.S. but has remained steady or even increased in some western regions. Recent increases in VOC and NO x emissions associated with the production of oil and natural gas (O&NG) may contribute to this trend in some areas. The Northern Front Range of Colorado has regularly exceeded O 3 air quality standards during summertime in recent years. This region has VOC emissions from a rapidly developing O&NG basin and low concentrations of biogenic VOC in close proximity to urban-Denver NO x emissions. Here, VOC OH reactivity (OHR), O 3 production efficiency (OPE), and an observationally constrained box model are used to quantify the influence of O&NG emissions on regional summertime O 3 production. Analyses are based on measurements acquired over two summers at a central location within the Northern Front Range that lies between major regional O&NG and urban emission sectors. Observational analyses suggest that mixing obscures any OPE differences in air primarily influenced by O&NG or urban emissions sectors. The box model confirms relatively modest OPE differences that are within the uncertainties of the field observations. Box model results also indicate that maximum O 3 at the measurement location is sensitive to changes in NO x mixing ratio but also responsive to O&NG VOC reductions. Combined, these analyses show that O&NG alkanes contribute over 80% to the observed carbon mixing ratio, roughly 50% to the regional VOC OHR, and approximately 20% to regional photochemical O 3 production.

Print ISSN: 0148-0227

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).

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Top-down estimate of methane emissions in California using a mesoscale inverse modeling technique: 1. The South Coast Air Basin (2015)

Yu Yan Cui, Jerome Brioude, Stuart A. McKeen, Wayne M. Angevine, Si-Wan Kim, Gregory J. Frost, Ravan Ahmadov, Jeff Peischl, Nicolas Bousserez, Zhen Liu, Thomas B. Ryerson, Steve C. Wofsy, Gregory W. Santoni, Eric A. Kort, Marc L. Fischer, Michael Trainer

Wiley

In: Journal of Geophysical Research JGR - Atmospheres

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Publication Date: 2015-06-14

Description: Methane (CH 4 ) is the primary component of natural gas and has a larger global warming potential than CO 2 . Recent top-down studies based on observations showed CH 4 emissions in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) were greater than those expected from population-apportioned bottom-up state inventories. In this study, we quantify CH 4 emissions with an advanced mesoscale inverse modeling system at a resolution of 8 km × 8 km, using aircraft measurements in the SoCAB during the 2010 CalNex campaign to constrain the inversion. To simulate atmospheric transport, we use the FLEXPART-WRF Lagrangian particle dispersion model driven by three configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model. We determine surface fluxes of CH 4 using a Bayesian least squares method in a 4-dimensional inversion. Simulated CH 4 concentrations with the posterior emission inventory achieve much better correlations with the measurements (R 2 =0.7) than using the prior inventory (US EPA's National Emission Inventory 2005, R 2 =0.5). The emission estimates for CH 4 in the posterior, 46.3 ± 9.2 Mg CH 4 /hr, is consistent with published observation-based estimates. Changes in the spatial distribution of CH 4 emissions in the SoCAB between the prior and posterior inventories are discussed. Missing or underestimated emissions from dairies, the oil/gas system, and landfills in the SoCAB seem to explain the differences between the prior and posterior inventories. We estimate that dairies contributed 5.9 ± 1.7 Mg CH 4 /hr and the two sectors of oil and gas industry (production and downstream) and landfills together contributed 39.6 ± 8.1 Mg CH 4 /hr in the SoCAB.

Print ISSN: 0148-0227

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Inversion estimates of lognormally distributed methane emission rates from the Haynesville‐Bossier oil and gas production region using airborne measurements (2019)

Yu Yan Cui, Daven K. Henze, Jerome Brioude, Wayne M. Angevine, Zhen Liu, Nicolas Bousserez, Jonathan Guerrette, Stuart A. McKeen, Jeff Peischl, Bin Yuan, Thomas Ryerson, Gregory Frost, Michael Trainer

Wiley

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

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Publication Date: 2019

Description: Abstract Quantifying methane (CH4) emissions from the oil and natural gas (O/NG) production sector is an important regulatory challenge in the United States. In this study, we conduct a set of inversion calculations using different methods to quantify lognormal distributed CH4 surface fluxes in the Haynesville‐Bossier O/NG production basin in Texas and Louisiana, combining three statistical cost functions, four meteorological configurations, and two days of aircraft measurements from a 2013 field campaign. We aggregate our posterior flux estimates to derive our best estimate of the basin‐wide CH4 emissions, 76 metric tons/hr, with a 95% highest density interval (HDI) of 51‐104 metric tons/hr), in agreement with previous estimates using mass balance and eddy covariance approaches with the same aircraft measurements. Our inversion estimate of basin‐wide CH4 emissions is 133% (89%‐182%, 95% HDI) of a gridded EPA's inventory for 2012, and the largest discrepancies between our study and this inventory are located in the northeastern quadrant of the basin containing active unconventional O/NG wells. Our inversion approach provides a new spatio‐temporal characterization of CH4 emissions in this O/NG production region and shows the usefulness of inverse modeling for improving O/NG CH4 emission estimates.

Print ISSN: 2169-897X

Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

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Top-down estimate of methane emissions in California using a mesoscale inverse modeling technique: The San Joaquin Valley (2017)

Yu Yan Cui, Jerome Brioude, Wayne M. Angevine, Jeff Peischl, Stuart A. McKeen, Si-Wan Kim, J. Andrew Neuman, Daven K. Henze, Nicolas Bousserez, Marc L. Fischer, Seongeun Jeong, Hope A. Michelsen, Ray P. Bambha, Zhen Liu, Gregory W. Santoni, Bruce C. Daube, Eric A. Kort, Gregory J. Frost, Thomas B. Ryerson, Steven C. Wofsy, Michael Trainer

Wiley

In: Journal of Geophysical Research JGR - Atmospheres

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Publication Date: 2017-03-10

Description: We quantify methane (CH 4 ) emissions in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) using four days of aircraft measurements from a field campaign during May-June 2010 together with a Bayesian inversion method and a mass-balance approach. For the inversion estimates, we use the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) to establish the source-receptor relationship between sampled atmospheric concentrations and surface fluxes. Our prior CH 4 emissions estimates are from the California Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurements (CALGEM) inventory. We use three meteorological configurations to drive FLEXPART and subsequently construct three inversions to analyze the final optimized estimates and their uncertainty (one standard deviation) . We conduct May and June inversions independently, and derive similar total CH 4 emissions estimates for the SJV: 135 ± 28 Mg/hr in May and 135 ± 19 Mg/hr in June. The inversion result is 1.7 times higher than the prior estimate from CALGEM. We also use an independent mass-balance approach to estimate CH 4 emissions in the northern SJV for one flight when meteorological conditions allowed. The mass-balance estimate provides a confirmation of our inversion results, and these two independent estimates of the total CH 4 emissions in the SJV are consistent with previous studies. In this study, we provide optimized CH 4 emissions estimates at 0.1° horizontal resolution. Using independent spatial information on major CH 4 sources, we estimate that livestock contribute 75–77% and oil/gas production contributes 15–18% of the total CH 4 emissions in the SJV. Livestock explain most of the discrepancies between the prior and the optimized emissions from our inversion.

Print ISSN: 0148-0227

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

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