ALBERT

Description: Today, most of the commercial risk radars only have the function to show risks, as same as a set of risk matrixes. In this paper, we develop the Internet of intelligences (IOI) to drive a risk radar monitoring dynamic risks for emergency management in community. An IOI scans risks in a community by 4 stages: collecting information and experience about risks; evaluating risk incidents; verifying; and showing risks. Employing the information diffusion method, we optimized to deal with the effective information for calculating risk value. Also, a specific case demonstrates the reliability and practicability of risk radar.

Description: Cassiterite, the economically most important tin mineral, typically has moderate U and variable common Pb contents, making it amenable for U-Pb dating. Cassiterite has extremely low Th/U ratios (Th/U 〈 0.01) and its 208Pb is dominantly common Pb. This is particularly helpful as there is significant interference of tungsten oxides on 202Hg and 204Pb. The feasibility of the 208Pb correction procedure is discussed in detail. The 208Pb corrected LA-SF-ICP-MS data are in good agreement with intercept ages in the Tera-Wasserburg diagram and 207Pb corrected ages. Twelve cassiterite samples were investigated using the ID-TIMS and LA-SF-ICP-MS methods. The ID-TIMS results of Pit-AB, Rond-A, RG-114, BB#7 and 19GX cassiterite are reported for the first time in this study. RG-114, BB#7 and 19GX cassiterite have very low common Pb contents and are recommended for use as primary reference materials for in situ cassiterite. Pit-AB, Rond-A and Yankee cassiterite contain a small amount of common Pb, produce reliable and consistent ages and are suitable as primary reference materials. The remaining five cassiterite samples (Kard, Zinnwald, Els, XBD-W and Y724) were only investigated using the LA-SF-ICP-MS method and produce ages consistent with published age data from the host rocks associated with the tin deposits and with published U-Pb ages of cassiterite from the same deposits. We present an ID-TIMS Usingle bondPb of 154.3 ± 0.7 Ma for the commonly used cassiterite reference material AY-4. This age differs from previously reported ID-TIMS ages. This age discrepancy is caused by different initial common Pb compositions rather than age heterogeneity.

Description: We present a new procedure for U–Pb dating of vesuvianite using laser ablation sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-SF-ICP-MS). Vesuvianite is a common mineral in skarn ore deposits and in metamorphic and metasomatic argillaceous carbonate rocks. The age of vesuvianite growth directly dates the formation of skarn mineralization, possibly also the metamorphism and metasomatism of argillaceous limestones. Vesuvianite U–Pb dating may provide age information for hydrothermal, metamorphic, and metasomatic processes that may be hard to get by zircon U–Pb dating. We analyzed eleven vesuvianite samples. Matrix effects were corrected by using Ti-bearing andradite (schorlomite) of known age as no well-characterized vesuvianite was available as a U–Pb reference material. The robustness of the analytical protocol was assessed by additional U–Pb dating of four vesuvianite samples by ID-TIMS. The U–Pb ages determined by ID-TIMS and LA-SF-ICP-MS agree well within uncertainties. An additional seven vesuvianite samples yielded in situ U–Pb ages that agree with previously published zircon, cassiterite, or wolframite U–Pb ages from the same area. Therefore, U–Pb dating of vesuvianite by LA-SF-ICP-MS represents a fast, relatively low-cost approach with high spatial resolution that may be particularly suited to date skarn mineralization.

Description: We present an analytical protocol for in situ U–Pb isotope dating of wolframite series minerals [(Fe,Mn)WO4], the main ore mineral for tungsten, by LA-SF-ICP-MS. Precision and accuracy of the protocol was intensively assessed using our newly developed well-characterized U–Pb wolframite reference material. The tungsten oxide interference on Hg and Pb was investigated in detail. The matrix effect between ferberite and hübnerite during laser ablation was thoroughly examined for wolframite series minerals with a different Mn/(Mn + Fe) ratio. The closure temperature of wolframite, with respect to the U–Pb system, was evaluated. The application of eleven wolframite samples, with ages from ∼1780 Ma to ∼26 Ma, robustly demonstrated the feasibility of our approach. Most studied wolframite series minerals yielded U–Pb concordant or subconcordant ages. Samples with a relatively high U content and negligible common Pb content typically had a 206Pb/238U age precision of ca. 1%. The new in situ data agree well with published cassiterite or wolframite ages from the same locations. LA-SF-ICP-MS, with the advantages of high sensitivity, rapidity, and relatively low cost, as well as moderate spatial resolution (i.e., 32 or 44 μm) that is sufficiently high to avoid sulfide inclusions, is the method of choice for in situ wolframite U–Pb microanalysis.

Description: To expand the newly developed ARM glasses as reference materials for in situ microanalysis of isotope ratios and iron oxidation state by a variety of techniques such as SIMS, LA-MC-ICP-MS and EPMA, we report Li-B-Si-O-Mg-Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotope data and Fe2+/ΣFe ratios for these glasses. The data were mainly obtained by TIMS, MC-ICP-MS, IR-MS and wet-chemistry colorimetric techniques. The quality of these data was cross-checked by comparing different techniques or by comparing the results from different laboratories using the same technique. All three glasses appear to be homogeneous with respect to the investigated isotope ratios (except for B in ARM-3) and Fe2+/ΣFe ratios at the scale of sampling volume and level of the analytical precision of each technique. The homogeneity of Li-B-O-Nd-Pb isotope ratios at the microscale (30–120 μm) was estimated using LA-MC-ICP-MS and SIMS techniques. We also present new EPMA major element data obtained using three different instruments for the glasses. The determination of reference values for the major elements and their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level closely followed ISO guidelines and the Certification Protocol of the International Association of Geoanalysts. The ARM glasses may be particularly useful as reference materials for in situ isotope ratio analysis.

Description: Allanite is a common accessory mineral that generally incorporates considerable amounts of Th, U and light rare Earth elements in its structure, making it a useful mineral for in situ U-Th-Pb geochronology and Sm-Nd isotope measurements. Here, we present in situ U-Th-Pb ages and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions for nine allanite samples considered as potential reference materials (CAPb, Tara, Daibosatsu, LE40010, LE2808, A007, A011, A012 and SQ-51), with ages ranging from ~ 2650 Ma to ~ 12 Ma. Our study indicates that Daibosatsu and LE40010 have relatively homogeneous 147Sm/144Nd and 143Nd/144Nd isotopic compositions (147Sm/144Nd ratio variation is less than 2%) and, thus, can serve as primary reference materials for Sm-Nd microanalysis. In contrast, CAPb, Tara, LE2808, A007, A011 and A012 all show homogeneous calculated initial 143Nd/144Nd isotopic compositions, but with variable 147Sm/144Nd compositions, and thus can be used only as secondary reference materials for Sm-Nd microanalysis. Of these materials, LE40010 allanite can serve as a suitable primary reference material for in situ U-Pb dating, CAPb allanite can serve as a suitable primary reference material for in situ Th-Pb dating, and LE2808, LE40010, A007, A011 and A012 can serve as suitable secondary reference materials for in situ U-Pb geochronology. In addition, Daibosatsu is suitable as a secondary reference material for Cenozoic Th-Pb dating to monitor data reproducibility.

Description: The recent July 7-8 2022, Nov 3-4, 2021 events present a good opportunity to examine many aspects of the geomagnetic storm event with new model and available satellite missions. We will focus on the penetrating electric field. Using a new magnetosphere and ionosphere coupled model call MAGE (Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment), we are able to simulate fast reaction of the ionosphere to the dynamic input from the magnetosphere. We have used this model studied some winter events (Nov 3-4, 2021). The July 7-8, 2022 summer event presents different ionosphere condition in the northern hemisphere. Because of the availability of the COSMIC 2 ionosphere data, we will also examine the negative phase during these events.

Description: The Sun has an obvious quasi-11-year cycle and numerous short-term eruptive activities. From the aspect of energy, there are four processes of energy transmission in the effectuation chain of solar forcing to the climate system: the solar energy input to the atmosphere, the atmospheric absorption to the input energy, the transformation of the absorbed energy to dynamic and thermodynamic responses in the atmosphere, and the coupling among all the layers affected by solar forcings. However, the four processes have not been discussed in their entirety. In this present paper, studies in recent decade on how the solar radiation varies during the solar cycle as well as the eruptions, and correspondingly how the terrestrial atmosphere absorbs the input solar energy are reviewed.

Description: The Alna district in Oslo, Norway is a high profile (residential, commercial and industrial) area exposed to multiple hazards, in particular to quick clay landslides. Quick clay is a marine clay sediment where the salt that binds the clay together has been washed away over time. Thus, the structure becomes unstable, and increased point loads or erosion of waterways can trigger landslides. In case of a landslide, the quick clay becomes liquefied, and major material damage and danger to life can occur. To support the authorities in selecting the optimal risk-mitigation action, this study develops the multi-criteria decision-making methodology, which accounts for the stakeholders' preferences. The Decision Support System framework includes three key steps: 1) Identify criteria for assessing the impacts of multi-hazard scenario; 2) Identify possible measures that can reduce the impacts; 3) Give objective/subjective weighting of the identified criteria, reflecting the stakeholders’ preferences. The framework is demonstrated in a multi-hazard scenario (i.e., quick clay, flood and fire) of interest to the Oslo stakeholders. The impact of the considered scenario is evaluated in terms of five categories (i.e., life and health, nature and environment, economy, societal stability, and governance and control) and 13 single criteria. Through workshops with stakeholders, possible alternatives as well as the respective cost and mitigated impacts were estimated, and stakeholders’ preferences were collected. The optimal action under given circumstances is identified quantitatively and is highly dependent on stakeholders' preferences. Further details of the impact analysis are needed to understand the risk landscape of different alternatives.

Description: The modeled geophysical angular momentum excitation functions (including the contributions of atmosphere, ocean, and hydrology) differ from the geodetic angular momentum excitation function (GAM). The former can simulate historical or forecast data based on the dynamic meteorological models with geodetic observations, while the latter can only get historical data through geodetic techniques such as global navigation satellite system (GNSS), very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), and satellite laser ranging (SLR). Because of potential observational errors and model deficiencies, gaps still exist between the two types of excitation functions in various timescale components. Thus, we must consider the effect of such gaps on the Earth orientation parameters (EOP) prediction. The key to further improving the prediction accuracy of EOP may rest in exploiting specific data processing approaches to address these gaps, so we conduct a detailed study on this issue. We analyze the differences and relations between the two types of excitation functions based on the Earth's rotation equation and its various timescale variational mechanisms. On this basis, we attempt to establish various matching schemes to reduce the gaps between the two types of excitation functions, exploit these schemes in the Earth's polar motion prediction, and compare the prediction results.