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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State of the Art in Deep Geothermal Energy in Europe : With Focus on Direct Heating (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Geotechnical engineering. ; Geophysics. ; Renewable energy sources. ; Geology. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Geophysics. ; Renewable Energy. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to Geothermal Systems -- Geothermal Potential across Europe -- Technologies for Deep Geothermal Energy -- Risks and Barriers -- Summary and Conclusions.
    Abstract: Since nearly 50 % of Europe's energy demand is in the heating and cooling sector, it is expected that geothermal energy will play an important role in the transition to a decarbonized energy system. However, deep geothermal energy is currently harvested mainly from areas with very favorable geothermal conditions. As these areas are geographically limited, the use of geothermal energy in less favorable regions is essential for unleashing the full potential of geothermal energy, since they make up the majority of the total geothermal potential in Central Europe. Motivated by the growing interest in deep geothermal energy among, e.g., energy companies and communities, this text reviews the state of the art in deep geothermal energy with focus on direct heating in geothermally less favorable regions. It provides an overview of technologies used to generate heat from the deep underground and discusses main technical and non-technical risks associated with deep geothermal projects. The text addresses readers with an interest in geothermal energy but does not require a background in geoscience or engineering sciences. It is suitable as textbook for Geothermal Energy courses for undergraduate students from different disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 92 p. 22 illus., 21 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030968700
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96870-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96870-0
    DDC: 624.151
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    State of the Art in Deep Geothermal Energy in Europe : With Focus on Direct Heating (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 22.94777
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to Geothermal Systems -- Geothermal Potential across Europe -- Technologies for Deep Geothermal Energy -- Risks and Barriers -- Summary and Conclusions.
    Description / Table of Contents: Since nearly 50 % of Europe's energy demand is in the heating and cooling sector, it is expected that geothermal energy will play an important role in the transition to a decarbonized energy system. However, deep geothermal energy is currently harvested mainly from areas with very favorable geothermal conditions. As these areas are geographically limited, the use of geothermal energy in less favorable regions is essential for unleashing the full potential of geothermal energy, since they make up the majority of the total geothermal potential in Central Europe. Motivated by the growing interest in deep geothermal energy among, e.g., energy companies and communities, this text reviews the state of the art in deep geothermal energy with focus on direct heating in geothermally less favorable regions. It provides an overview of technologies used to generate heat from the deep underground and discusses main technical and non-technical risks associated with deep geothermal projects. The text addresses readers with an interest in geothermal energy but does not require a background in geoscience or engineering sciences. It is suitable as textbook for Geothermal Energy courses for undergraduate students from different disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 978-3-030-96869-4
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Lava flows and domes : emplacement mechanisms and hazard implications (1990)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 93.0573
    In: IAVCEI proceedings in volcanology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 247 S.
    ISBN: 3540506845
    Series Statement: IAVCEI proceedings in volcanology 2
    Classification:
    B.3.2.
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
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    Pore structure and sorption capacity investigations of Ediacaran and Lower Silurian gas shales from the Upper Yangtze platform, China (2021)
    Hu, Zhazha ; Gaus, Garri ; Seemann, Timo ; [et al.]
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-19
    Description: The shale gas potential of Ediacaran and Lower Silurian shales from the Upper Yangtze platform is assessed in this study with a focus on the contributions of clay minerals and organic matter to sorption capacity. For this purpose, a multidisciplinary assessment was carried out using petrophysical, mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical methods. In terms of TOC contents (4.2%), brittle mineral contents (68.6%) and maximum gas storage capacities (0.054–0.251 mmol/g) Ediacaran shales from this study show comparable properties to other producing shale gas systems although the thermal maturity is extremely high (VRr = 3.6%). When compared to lower Silurian shales from the same region, it is evident that (1) deeper maximum burial and (2) a lack of silica-associated preservation of the pores resulted in a relatively lower mesopore volume, higher micropore volume fraction and lower overall porosity (Ediacaran shales: 1.4–4.6%; Silurian shales: 6.2–7.4%). Gas production is therefore retarded by poor interconnectivity of the pore system, which was qualitatively demonstrated by comparing experimental gas uptake kinetics. TOC content exhibits a prominent control on sorption capacity and micropore volume for both shales. However, different contributions of clay minerals to sorption capacity were identified. This can partly be attributed to different clay types but is likely also related to burial-induced recrystallisation and different origins of illite. Additionally, it was shown that variations in sorption capacity due to incorrect estimates of clay mineral contribution are in the same range as variations due to differences in thermal maturity. Article highlights Pore structure and gas storage characteristics are evaluated for the first time for Ediacaran Shales from the Upper Yangtze platform Due to a lower free gas storage capacity and diffusivity, the Ediacaran shale can be regarded as a less favorable shale gas prospect when compared to the Silurian shale Clay mineral contribution to sorption capacity is evaluated taking clay mineralogy into consideration Maturity-related changes of organic matter sorption capacity have been discussed on the basis of a compiled data set
    Description: RWTH Aachen University (3131)
    Keywords: ddc:552 ; Ediacaran ; Silurian ; Sorption capacity ; Pore structure ; Mineralogy ; Thermal maturity
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Mesocrystalline Architecture in Hyaline Foraminifer Shells Indicates a Non‐Classical Crystallisation Pathway (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-27
    Description: Calcareous foraminifer shells (tests) represent one of the most important archives for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction. To develop a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between environmental parameters and proxy signals, knowledge of the fundamental processes operating during foraminiferal biomineralization is essential. Here, we apply microscopic and diffraction‐based methods to address the crystallographic and hierarchical structure of the test wall of different hyaline foraminifer species. Our results show that the tests are constructed from micrometer‐scale oriented mesocrystals built of nanometer‐scale entities. Based on these observations, we propose a mechanistic extension to the biomineralization model for hyaline foraminifers, centered on the formation and assembly of units of metastable carbonate phases to the final mesocrystal via a non‐classical particle attachment process, possibly facilitated by organic matter. This implies the presence of metastable precursors such as vaterite or amorphous calcium carbonate, along with phase transitions to calcite, which is relevant for the mechanistic understanding of proxy incorporation in the hyaline foraminifers.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Foraminifers are single celled marine organisms typically half a millimeter in size, which form shells made of calcium carbonate. During their life, the chemical composition of their shells records environmental conditions. By analyzing fossil shells, past conditions can be reconstructed to understand ancient oceans and climate change. To do that correctly, we need to know exactly how foraminifers form their shell. We find that foraminifers build micrometer‐sized mesocrystals which are made of smaller building blocks. This means that the smallest building blocks form first and assemble to form a larger grain, which is oriented in a specific direction. To align all the building blocks, it is possible that they are first unstable and undergo transformation on assembly, during which their composition may change. By understanding and quantifying this process, the composition of the final fossil shell may be understood, ultimately leading to more reliable reconstructions of past environmental change.
    Description: Key Points: Hyaline foraminiferal shells are built of micrometer sized mesocrystalline units. Biomineralization likely includes the formation and assembly of nanoparticles. Nanometer sized units suggest non‐classical crystal growth.
    Description: https://doi.org/10.17617/3.D7HN3I
    Keywords: ddc:561.9 ; ddc:549
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Towards a more comprehensive assessment of the intensity of historical European heat waves (1979–2019) (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Europe has been affected by record‐breaking heat waves in recent decades. Using station data and a gridded reanalysis as input, four commonly used heat wave indices, the heat wave magnitude index daily (HWMId), excess heat factor (EHF), wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI), are computed. The extremeness of historical European heat waves between 1979 and 2019 using the four indices and different metrics is ranked. A normalisation to enable the comparison between the four indices is introduced. Additionally, a method to quantify the influence of the input parameters on heat wave magnitude is introduced. The spatio‐temporal behaviour of heat waves is assessed by spatial–temporal tracking. The areal extent, large‐scale intensity and duration are visualized using bubble plots. As expected, temperature explains the largest variance in all indices, but humidity is nearly as important in WBGT and wind speed plays a substantial role in UTCI. While the 2010 Russian heat wave is by far the most extreme event in duration and intensity in all normalized indices, the 2018 heat wave was comparable in size for EHF, WBGT and UTCI. Interestingly, the well‐known 2003 central European heat wave was only the fifth and tenth strongest in cumulative intensity in WBGT and UTCI, respectively. The June and July 2019 heat waves were very intense, but short‐lived, thus not belonging to the top heat waves in Europe when duration and areal extent are taken into account. Overall, the proposed normalized indices and the multi‐metric assessment of large‐scale heat waves allow for a more robust description of their extremeness and will be helpful to assess heat waves worldwide and in climate projections.
    Description: Europe has been affected by record‐breaking heat waves in recent decades. Using station data and a gridded reanalysis, the extremeness of European heat waves between 1979 and 2019 is ranked using four indices: heat wave magnitude index daily (HWMId), excess heat factor (EHF), wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI). In order to assess heatwaves worldwide and in climate projections, the spatial extent, large‐scale intensity and duration of heatwaves are visualized using bubble plots.
    Description: AXA Research Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001961
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009133
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; duration ; heat wave ; indices ; intensity ; large‐scale ; spatial extent
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Neogene aridification and lake development in the Issyk‐Kul basin, Kyrgyzstan (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-24
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Uplift of the Tian Shan range modified regional climate during Cenozoic aridification in Central Asia. This study presents facies analyses and Neogene oxygen and carbon isotopic records from magnetostratigraphically dated terrestrial sedimentary sections on the southern side of the intermontane Issyk‐Kul basin in the Kyrgyz Tian Shan and 〈sup〉26〈/sup〉Al/〈sup〉10〈/sup〉Be isochron burial ages from the southern and eastern sides of the basin. The δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O and δ〈sup〉13〈/sup〉C data show a positive ca. 2‰ shift in values between ca. 8 and 7 Ma and a change from a negative to a positive trend. This change is attributed to the upwind growth of the Kyrgyz, Kungey and Trans Ili (Zaili) ranges, which diverted the westerlies, thereby changing the Issyk‐Kul basin from a windward to a leeward position, enhancing aridification and establishing the modern‐day spring and summer precipitation regime within the basin. Two 4 to 5 Ma 〈sup〉26〈/sup〉Al/〈sup〉10〈/sup〉Be isochron burial ages constrain the onset of Sharpyl Dak deposition on the eastern side of the basin; southward paleocurrent directions there suggest the eastward growth of the Kungey range in the Pliocene. Increased subsidence on the southern side of the basin and local tectonically induced river system reorganization led to the commencement of lake formation at ca. 5 Ma, followed by a ca. 2 Ma local depositional hiatus. The transition from sandstones of the Chu sedimentary group to conglomerates of the Sharpyl Dak group, marking a change from fluvial‐alluvial deposits to a proximal alluvial fan, is dated at 2.6–2.8 Ma by 〈sup〉26〈/sup〉Al/〈sup〉10〈/sup〉Be isochron burial dating on the southern side of the basin, driven either by tectonics or Northern Hemisphere glaciation. This study concludes that the late Miocene–Pliocene northward growth of Tian Shan significantly altered environmental conditions within the range, preventing the moisture‐bearing westerlies from reaching the intermontane Issyk‐Kul basin and promoting lake formation and expansion.〈/p〉
    Description: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The late Miocene–Pliocene northward growth of Tian Shan created an orographic barrier that diverted the moisture‐bearing westerlies and enhanced aridification in the Issyk‐Kul basin. Reorganization of the river systems and enhanced subsidence led to the formation of an internally drained lake in Pliocene. The transition from sandstone to conglomerate (Sharpyl Dak group) deposition, linked to a change in climate and/or tectonic activity, occurred diachronously within the basin.〈boxed-text position="anchor" content-type="graphic" id="bre12751-blkfxd-0001" xml:lang="en"〉〈graphic position="anchor" id="jats-graphic-1" xlink:href="urn:x-wiley:0950091X:bre12751:bre12751-toc-0001"〉 〈/graphic〉〈/boxed-text〉〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: University of Wollongong http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001777
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Cenozoic aridification ; Central Asia ; cosmogenic 26Al/10Be ; tectonic uplift ; westerlies ; δ18O and δ13C stable isotopes
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    380 kV Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Feasibility Study (2023)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this study the technical and economic feasibility of a 380 kV, 5 kA resistive type superconducting fault current limiter was investigated. Conceptual designs were developed with superconducting tapes cooled by liquid nitrogen and arranged in bifilar coils. A cryostat was designed using FEM simulations taking into account the non-linear voltage distribution. For the complete system including current limiting reactors and cooling system, the investment and operation costs were calculated.
    Keywords: economic feasibility; bifilar coil; high voltage; superconducting fault current limiter; superconductor; wirtschaftliche Machbarkeit; bifilare Spule; Hochspannung; supraleitender Strombegrenzer; Supraleiter ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Dealing with climate change on small islands: Toward effective and sustainable adaptation (2021)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Small islands have received growing attention in the context of climate change. Rising sea-levels, intensifying storms, changing rainfall patterns and increasing temperatures force islanders to deal with and adapt to a changing climate. How do they respond to the challenge? What works, what doesn’t – and why? The present volume addresses these questions by exploring adaptation experiences in small islands across the world’s oceans from various perspectives and disciplines, including geography, anthropology, political science, psychology, and philosophy. The contributions to the volume focus on political and financial difficulties of climate change governance; highlight the importance of cultural values, local knowledge and perceptions in and for adaptation; and question to what extent mobility and migration constitute sustainable adaptation. Overall, the contributions highlight the diversity of island contexts, but also their specific challenges; they present valuable lessons for both adaptation success and failure, and emphasise island resilience and agency in the face of climate change.
    Description: Small islands have received growing attention in the context of climate change. Rising sea-levels, intensifying storms, changing rainfall patterns and increasing temperatures force islanders to deal with and adapt to a changing climate. How do they respond to the challenge? What works, what doesn’t – and why? The present volume addresses these questions by exploring adaptation experiences in small islands across the world’s oceans from various perspectives and disciplines, including geography, anthropology, political science, psychology, and philosophy. The contributions to the volume focus on political and financial difficulties of climate change governance; highlight the importance of cultural values, local knowledge and perceptions in and for adaptation; and question to what extent mobility and migration constitute sustainable adaptation. Overall, the contributions highlight the diversity of island contexts, but also their specific challenges; they present valuable lessons for both adaptation success and failure, and emphasise island resilience and agency in the face of climate change.
    Keywords: political difficulties ; financial difficulties ; cultural values ; local knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Bits of Mountain Speech (2021)
    Appalachian State University | Appalachian State University
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Paul Fink’s Bits of Mountain Speech is a dictionary of “folk speech.” In this work Fink has provided a glossary of terms that are often considered the language of the less educated people of the mountains of Western North Carolina and Eastern Tennessee. They are sometimes archaic, sometimes quaint, and almost always idiomatic. The language Fink examines is a holdover of earlier times when the Scots, Irish, and Welsh settled the region, therefore many of the pronunciations are reminiscent of Celtic languages. Not only does he list unusual words that he has come across, but he also uses them in sentences in order to interpret the word or phrase and clarify its meaning.
    Keywords: Language Arts & Disciplines ; Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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