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  • InTechOpen  (7)
  • GFZ Data Services  (4)
  • English  (11)
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  • English  (11)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Environmental contamination and the resulting climate change are major concerns worldwide. Agricultural vehicles that use fossil fuels emit significant amounts of atmospheric pollutants. Thus, this study investigates techniques to reduce fuel consumption in robotic vehicles used for agricultural tasks and therefore reduce atmospheric emissions from these automated systems. A hybrid energy system for autonomous robots devoted to weed and pest control in agriculture is modeled and evaluated, and its exhaust emissions are compared with those of an internal combustion engine-powered system. Agricultural implements require power for hydraulic pumps and fans; this energy is conventionally provided by power take-off (PTO) systems, which waste substantial amounts of energy. In this work, we examine a solution by designing and assessing a hybrid energy system that omits the alternators from the original vehicle and modifies the agricultural implements to replace the PTO power with electrical power. The hybrid energy system uses the original combustion engine of the tractor in combination with a new electrical energy system based on a hydrogen fuel cell. We analyze and compare the exhaust gases resulting from the use of (1) an internal combustion engine as the single power source and (2) the hybrid energy system. The results demonstrate that the hybrid energy system reduced emissions by up to approximately 50%.
    Keywords: atmospheric emissions, exhaust gases, hybrid power, robotic vehicles, precision agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: This data repository contains the 3D steady-state thermal field computed for the South Caribbean and NW South America down to 75 km depth, the modelled hypocentral temperatures, the depths to the upper and lower stability transitions, as well as the seismogenic thickness calculated from selected earthquakes of the ISC Bulletin (International Seismological Centre, 2022). All methodological details can be found in the main publication (see section 2). We used the uppermost 75 km of the gravity-constrained structural and density model of Gómez-García et al. (2020, 2021) to derive the 3D thermal configuration of the study area. A steady-state approach was followed, in which upper and lower boundary conditions were set to run the thermal experiments using the software GOLEM (Cacace amp; Jacquey, 2017; Jacquey amp; Cacace, 2017). We selected earthquakes from the ISC Bulletin from January 1980 to January 2021 (International Seismological Centre, 2022), considering the magnitude of completeness for different periods, removing earthquakes without depth, set as 0 km or fixed, as well as those with reported hypocentral depth errors gt;30 km. Of this set, we selected the crustal earthquakes, located between the topo-bathymetry from the GEBCO relief (Weatherall et al., 2015) and the Moho depth from the GEMMA model (Reguzzoni amp; Sampietro, 2015), interpolated to a resolution of 5 km. From this earthquake subset we computed the upper and lower stability transitions for seismogenesis, as the 10th and 90th percentiles (D10 and D90), respectively, of the hypocentral depths. These percentiles were mapped on a latitude-longitude grid, using for each grid node its 20 closest earthquakes as sample. The hypocentral temperatures and the temperatures at the D10 and D90 crustal depths were calculated from the lithospheric-scale thermal model. Lastly, the crustal seismogenic thickness was computed as the difference between D90 and D10 for each grid node. For more details about the modelling approach and interpretation of the results, we kindly ask the reader to refer to the main publication: Gomez-Garcia et al., (2022).
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 4
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    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: The Anillo is a dense temporary seismic and geodetic network extending approximately 200 km along the strike of the subduction zone in North Chile in order to investigate how earthquakes and aseismic slip scale over a broader spectrum of source sizes, to understand the complex relationships between seismic and aseismic deformation, and to identify possible structural controls. This experiment is embedded into a larger scale experimental effort carried out by institutions in Germany and Chile. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code Y6.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: IPOC Creep is an array of 11 creepmeters installed along 4 active segments oft eh Atacama Fault Zone in Northern Chile. Installation of instruments started in 2008 within the framework of the Integrated Plate-boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC) and was completed in 2011. All installations are designed by the authors and follow a general concept, but are adapted to each site specifically. All the installed instruments use solid 12 mm thick invar rods as length standards, which are firmly attached to a concrete foundation in the hanging wall of the fault and pass through a PVC pipe to the footwall side of the fault where it is fixed to another concrete foundation. The creepmeters are buried at a depth of 30 - 70 cm, in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. We use a LVDT (linear variable differential transformer) with a range of 50 mm to monitor the relative displacement of the free end of the rod relative to the fixation point. Displacement is measured as voltage change and stored on a data logger with a sampling rate of 1/min (2008-2011 and 2/min (since 2011). Temperature at the rod is continuously measured with the same sampling rate to correct for thermal expansion and contraction of the length standard. The length of the instrument is dependent on the geometry at each site and ranges between 2 and 9 m. More specific information on each site can be found on http://www.ipoc-network.org/index.php/observatory/creepmeter.html . The Data is stored as time series since the initial start of operation of each creepmeter until July 2016. Data format is asci and contains 4 columns: 1st column Date[D.M.Y] 2nd column Time [HH:MM:SS] 3rd column ReferenceSensor[V]The reference signal is a steady signal of 1V and fluctuations indicate general voltage fluctuations in the setup. By normalizing to the reference signal it is possible to correct for these voltage changes. 4th column CreepSensor[V]The measured voltage of the CreepSensor is linearly proportional to the actual displacement. It can be converted to micrometers as follows: Displacement(µm) = (CreepSensor(t2)[V] - CreepSensor(t1)[V]) * 10000.
    Keywords: Tectonic Creep ; Active Faults ; Fault Displacement Rate ; Convergent Margin ; Trench Parallel Fault System ; IPOC
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Organic chemistry
    Keywords: Mathematics & science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Microalgae biotechnology has grown very rapidly in the last few decades due to the multiple applications that these microorganisms have from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to foods/feeds and biofuels. One of the main challenges in expanding this industry is to enlarge the single use of the biomass produced in addition to reducing the high biomass production cost of the current technologies. To overcome this bottleneck, the development of microalgae-based biorefineries has been proposed. The issue is to obtain as many bioproducts as possible from the cultivated biomass, including biofuels. Consequently, biodiesel production (from the lipid fraction), bioethanol (from carbohydrate fraction), and biogas or bio-oil (from the whole biomass) have been posited. In this book chapter, we review the current state of the art in the production of sustainable biofuels from microalgae and analyze the potential of microalgae to contribute to the biofuel sector.
    Keywords: microalgae, biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biorefinery ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Due to the increasing number of IoT devices, the amount of data gathered nowadays is rather large and continuously growing. The availability of new sensors presented in IoT devices and open data platforms provides new possibilities for innovative applications and use-cases. However, the dependence on data for the provision of services creates the necessity of assuring the quality of data to ensure the viability of the services. In order to support the evaluation of the valuable information, this chapter shows the development of a series of metrics that have been defined as indicators of the quality of data in a quantifiable, fast, reliable, and human-understandable way. The metrics are based on sound statistical indicators. Statistical analysis, machine learning algorithms, and contextual information are some of the methods to create quality indicators. The developed framework is also suitable for deciding between different datasets that hold similar information, since until now with no way of rapidly discovering which one is best in terms of quality had been developed. These metrics have been applied to real scenarios which have been smart parking and environmental sensing for smart buildings, and in both cases, the methods have been representative for the quality of the data.
    Keywords: IoT, QoI, outliers, interpolation, data quality, data integrity ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Physical chemistry
    Keywords: Mathematics & science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRS Solid state chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computer modelling & simulation
    Keywords: Computing & information technology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
    Language: English
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