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  • 1
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    Periodic variations in stratospheric meridional wind from 20 to 65 km - 80 N to 70 S (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Long-term periodic features in the meridional wind between 20 and 65 km attitude are analyzed. No appreciable periodic waves are found in the tropics. The quasi-biennial oscillation, annual wave, and four-month wave have maximum amplitudes of about 10, 20, and 10 m/s respectively in the arctic near 45 km. The phase of the annual wave changes by nearly 180 deg in a narrow zone near 45 deg N. The semiannual wave has an amplitude of 10 m/s near 50 deg N above 50 km with equinoctial phase dates in the region of maximum amplitude. The location of this polar semiannual wave corresponds closely to that previously found in the zonal wind.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Royal Meteorological Society; vol. 101
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Coronal changes associated with a disappearing filament (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Skylab/ATM observations of a disappearing filament near the center of the solar disk are described using XUV and H-alpha spectroheliograms, X-ray filterheliograms, and photospheric magnetograms. The temperature of the coronal plasma as the filament disappeared is estimated to have been in excess of 6 million K, and it is noted that the time history of the soft X-ray and microwave fluxes displayed the gradual-rise-and-fall (GRF) signature, suggesting that the present event may have properties that are characteristic of a wide class of long-duration X-ray and radio events. A comparison with other spatially resolved long-duration X-ray events indicates that all such long-lived bursts involve transients in the outer corona and that some two-thirds of them involve either the eruption or the major activation of a prominence. It is also found that long-lived events are characterized by the appearance of new emission loops in the lower corona during the declining phase of the X-ray emission and that these loops sometimes disappear after the X-ray events and sometimes remain indefinitely.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics; 45; Dec. 197
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    The reconnection of magnetic field lines in the solar corona (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Skylab XUV coronal spectroheliograms and photospheric magnetograms are compared. This comparison shows that, as new bipolar magnetic fields emerge through the solar surface into the corona, the new coronal fields interact with the old ones in a manner that suggests the reconnection of the field lines.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 196; Mar. 15
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  • 4
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    Forbidden lines of highly ionized iron in solar flare spectra (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 196; Mar. 1
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  • 5
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    XUV observations of coronal magnetic fields (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Spectroheliograms obtained with the Naval Research Laboratory's Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph (S082A) on Skylab are compared with Kitt Peak National Observatory magnetograms. A principal result is the characteristic reconnection of flux from an emerging bipolar magnetic region to previously existing flux in its vicinity. Examples of the disappearance of magnetic flux from the solar atmosphere are also shown. The results of a particularly simple, potential field calculation are shown for comparison with the Skylab observations.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics; 40; Jan. 197
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  • 6
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    A quantitative magnetospheric model derived from spacecraft magnetometer data (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The model is derived by making least squares fits to magnetic field measurements from four Imp satellites. It includes four sets of coefficients, representing different degrees of magnetic disturbance as determined by the range of Kp values. The data are fit to a power series expansion in the solar magnetic coordinates and the solar wind-dipole tilt angle, and thus the effects of seasonal north-south asymmetries are contained. The expansion is divergence-free, but unlike the usual scalar potential expansion, the model contains a nonzero curl representing currents distributed within the magnetosphere. The latitude at the earth separating open polar cap field lines from field lines closing on the day side is about 5 deg lower than that determined by previous theoretically derived models. At times of high Kp, additional high-latitude field lines extend back into the tail. Near solstice, the separation latitude can be as low as 75 deg in the winter hemisphere. The average northward component of the external field is much smaller than that predicted by theoretical models; this finding indicates the important effects of distributed currents in the magnetosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Feb. 1
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  • 7
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    Atmospheric effects and sidereal-diurnal variations in extended air showers (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations are presented on the variations of extended air shower intensity with an average power of 1.4 x 10,000 and 1.4 x 100,000 particles at sea level. The effect of disintegrating particles and the essential role of cascades formed above the lower third of the atmosphere are examined. However, the authors failed to discover anisotropy of initial particles with an energy of 10 to the 14th power to 10 to the 15th power eV with an accuracy of up to 0.1%.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Cosmic Rays (; p 133-137
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    A newly observed solar feature - Macrospicules in He II 304 A (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: He II 304 A spectroheliograms, obtained with the NRL extreme-ultraviolet slitless spectrograph during the Skylab mission, show spikelike structures at the sun's polar limb which resemble the familiar H-alpha spicules. However, the relatively large size and long life of these He II features has led to distinguishing them by the name 'macrospicules'. The macrospicules appear as protuberances or jets, ranging from 5 to over 60 sec in length, from 5 to 30 sec in width, and from 5 to over 40 minutes in lifetime. Perhaps the most radical departure from H-alpha spicules is that macrospicules occur only within the chromospheric boundaries of coronal holes. Thus macrospicules are most easily visible over the solar poles due to the coronal holes normally present there, and much less frequently at lower latitudes during limb passage of relatively rare, low-latitude coronal holes.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 197; May 1
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  • 9
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    Magnetospheric mapping with a quantitative geomagnetic field model (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mapping the magnetosphere on a dipole geomagnetic field model by projecting field and particle observations onto the model is described. High-latitude field lines are traced between the earth's surface and their intersection with either the equatorial plane or a cross section of the geomagnetic tail, and data from low-altitude orbiting satellites are projected along field lines to the outer magnetosphere. This procedure is analyzed, and the resultant mappings are illustrated. Extension of field lines into the geomagnetic tail and low-altitude determination of the polar cap and cusp are presented. It is noted that while there is good agreement among the various data, more particle measurements are necessary to clear up statistical uncertainties and to facilitate comparison of statistical models.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Feb. 1
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  • 10
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    Experimental hypervelocity impact into quartz sand - Distribution and shock metamorphism of ejecta (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented for vertical impacts of 0.3-g cylindrical plastic projectiles into noncohesive quartz sand in which vertical and horizontal reference strate were employed by using layers of colored sand. The impacts were performed at velocities of 5.9-6.9 km/sec with a vertical gun ballistic range. The craters, 30-33 cm in diameter, reveal a radial decay of the ejecta mass per unit area with a power of -2.8 to -3.5. Material displaced from the upper 15% of the crater depth d is represented within the whole ejecta blanked, material from deeper than 28% of d is deposited inside 2 crater radii, and no material from deeper than 33% of d was ejected beyond the crater rim. Shock-metamorphosed particles (glassy agglutinates, cataclastic breccias, and comminuted quartz) amount to some 4% of the total displaced mass and indicate progressive zones of decay of shock intensity from a peak pressure of 300 kbar. The shock-metamorphosed particles and the shock-induced change in the grain size distribution of ejected samples have close analogies to the basic characteristics of the lunar regolith. Possible applications to regolith formation and to ejecta formations of large-scale impact craters are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Oct. 10
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