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  • Articles  (2)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: The Hubble Deep Field provides one of the deepest multiwavelength views of the distant Universe and has led to the detection of thousands of galaxies seen throughout cosmic time. An early map of the Hubble Deep Field at a wavelength of 850 micrometres, which is sensitive to dust emission powered by star formation, revealed the brightest source in the field, dubbed HDF 850.1 (ref. 2). For more than a decade, and despite significant efforts, no counterpart was found at shorter wavelengths, and it was not possible to determine its redshift, size or mass. Here we report a redshift of z = 5.183 for HDF 850.1, from a millimetre-wave molecular line scan. This places HDF 850.1 in a galaxy overdensity at z approximately 5.2, corresponding to a cosmic age of only 1.1 billion years after the Big Bang. This redshift is significantly higher than earlier estimates and higher than those of most of the hundreds of submillimetre-bright galaxies identified so far. The source has a star-formation rate of 850 solar masses per year and is spatially resolved on scales of 5 kiloparsecs, with an implied dynamical mass of about 1.3 x 10(11) solar masses, a significant fraction of which is present in the form of molecular gas. Despite our accurate determination of redshift and position, a counterpart emitting starlight remains elusive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walter, Fabian -- Decarli, Roberto -- Carilli, Chris -- Bertoldi, Frank -- Cox, Pierre -- Da Cunha, Elisabete -- Daddi, Emanuele -- Dickinson, Mark -- Downes, Dennis -- Elbaz, David -- Ellis, Richard -- Hodge, Jacqueline -- Neri, Roberto -- Riechers, Dominik A -- Weiss, Axel -- Bell, Eric -- Dannerbauer, Helmut -- Krips, Melanie -- Krumholz, Mark -- Lentati, Lindley -- Maiolino, Roberto -- Menten, Karl -- Rix, Hans-Walter -- Robertson, Brant -- Spinrad, Hyron -- Stark, Dan P -- Stern, Daniel -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 13;486(7402):233-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11073.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck Institut fur Astronomie, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany. walter@mpia.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: The under-abundance of very massive galaxies in the Universe is frequently attributed to the effect of galactic winds. Although ionized galactic winds are readily observable, most of the expelled mass (that is, the total mass flowing out from the nuclear region) is likely to be in atomic and molecular phases that are cooler than the ionized phases. Expanding molecular shells observed in starburst systems such as NGC 253 (ref. 12) and M 82 (refs 13, 14) may facilitate the entrainment of molecular gas in the wind. Although shell properties are well constrained, determining the amount of outflowing gas emerging from such shells and the connection between this gas and the ionized wind requires spatial resolution better than 100 parsecs coupled with sensitivity to a wide range of spatial scales, a combination hitherto not available. Here we report observations of NGC 253, a nearby starburst galaxy (distance approximately 3.4 megaparsecs) known to possess a wind, that trace the cool molecular wind at 50-parsec resolution. At this resolution, the extraplanar molecular gas closely tracks the Halpha filaments, and it appears to be connected to expanding molecular shells located in the starburst region. These observations allow us to determine that the molecular outflow rate is greater than 3 solar masses per year and probably about 9 solar masses per year. This implies a ratio of mass-outflow rate to star-formation rate of at least 1, and probably approximately 3, indicating that the starburst-driven wind limits the star-formation activity and the final stellar content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bolatto, Alberto D -- Warren, Steven R -- Leroy, Adam K -- Walter, Fabian -- Veilleux, Sylvain -- Ostriker, Eve C -- Ott, Jurgen -- Zwaan, Martin -- Fisher, David B -- Weiss, Axel -- Rosolowsky, Erik -- Hodge, Jacqueline -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):450-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12351.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, Laboratory for Millimeter-wave Astronomy, and Joint Space Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA. bolatto@astro.umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23887428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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