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  • Other Sources  (4)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (4)
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  • 1
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    A Reconciled Estimate of Ice-Sheet Mass Balance (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We combined an ensemble of satellite altimetry, interferometry, and gravimetry data sets using common geographical regions, time intervals, and models of surface mass balance and glacial isostatic adjustment to estimate the mass balance of Earth's polar ice sheets. We find that there is good agreement between different satellite methods-especially in Greenland and West Antarctica-and that combining satellite data sets leads to greater certainty. Between 1992 and 2011, the ice sheets of Greenland, East Antarctica, West Antarctica, and the Antarctic Peninsula changed in mass by -142 plus or minus 49, +14 plus or minus 43, -65 plus or minus 26, and -20 plus or minus 14 gigatonnes year(sup 1), respectively. Since 1992, the polar ice sheets have contributed, on average, 0.59 plus or minus 0.20 millimeter year(sup 1) to the rate of global sea-level rise.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN9253 , GSFC-E-DAA-TN10028 , Science; 338; 6111; 1183-1189
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    The Signature of Ozone Depletion in Recent Antarctic Precipitation Change: A Study with the Community Earth System Model (2018)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Although precipitation is a primary control on Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) mass balance, long-term historical AIS precipitation trends and their underlying external climate drivers remain inconclusive. In this study, we use a novel pair of climate model ensembles to identify a simulated spatial signature of ozone depletion-forced AIS precipitation change. Distinct areas of little change or precipitation decrease, arising from interaction between ozone depletion-forced atmospheric circulation changes and ice sheet topography, are outweighed by large-scale precipitation increases. This signature bears notable similarities to a new ice core-based reconstruction of AIS accumulation change and yields a significant increase in annual integrated precipitation (38 10 Gt/year over the 19862005 period or 51 11 Gt/year over the 19912005 period). Remarkably, this simulated ozone depletion-forced precipitation change is of a similar absolute magnitude to recent observed AIS mass loss trends and as a consequence, it may play a role in dampening recent AIS sea level rise contributions.
    Keywords: Geosciences (General)
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN65554 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276) (e-ISSN 1944-8007); 45; 23; 12931–12939
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Extensive Liquid Meltwater Storage in Firn Within the Greenland Ice Sheet (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The accelerating loss of mass from the Greenland ice sheet is a major contribution to current sea level rise. Increased melt water runoff is responsible for half of Greenlands mass loss increase. Surface melt has been increasing in extent and intensity, setting a record for surface area melt and runoff in 2012. The mechanisms and timescales involved in allowing surface melt water to reach the ocean where it can contribute to sea level rise are poorly understood. The potential capacity to store this water in liquid or frozen form in the firn (multi-year snow layer) is significant, and could delay its sea-level contribution. Here we describe direct observation of water within a perennial firn aquifer persisting throughout the winter in the southern ice sheet,where snow accumulation and melt rates are high. This represents a previously unknown storagemode for water within the ice sheet. Ice cores, groundairborne radar and a regional climatemodel are used to estimate aquifer area (70 plue or minus 10 x 10(exp 3) square kilometers ) and water table depth (5-50 m). The perennial firn aquifer represents a new glacier facies to be considered 29 in future ice sheet mass 30 and energy budget calculations.
    Keywords: Geosciences (General)
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN12183
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  • 4
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    Influence of Persistent Wind Scour on the Surface Mass Balance of Antarctica (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Accurate quantification of surface snow accumulation over Antarctica is a key constraint for estimates of the Antarctic mass balance, as well as climatic interpretations of ice-core records. Over Antarctica, near-surface winds accelerate down relatively steep surface slopes, eroding and sublimating the snow. This wind scour results in numerous localized regions (〈 or = 200 sq km) with reduced surface accumulation. Estimates of Antarctic surface mass balance rely on sparse point measurements or coarse atmospheric models that do not capture these local processes, and overestimate the net mass input in wind-scour zones. Here we combine airborne radar observations of unconformable stratigraphic layers with lidar-derived surface roughness measurements to identify extensive wind-scour zones over Dome A, in the interior of East Antarctica. The scour zones are persistent because they are controlled by bedrock topography. On the basis of our Dome A observations, we develop an empirical model to predict wind-scour zones across the Antarctic continent and find that these zones are predominantly located in East Antarctica. We estimate that approx. 2.7-6.6% of the surface area of Antarctica has persistent negative net accumulation due to wind scour, which suggests that, across the continent, the snow mass input is overestimated by 11-36.5 Gt /yr in present surface-mass-balance calculations.
    Keywords: Geophysics; Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN7511 , Nature Geoscience; 6; 367-371
    Format: application/pdf
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