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  • Other Sources  (11)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (11)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS  (5)
  • COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE  (3)
  • SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (11)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1993  (11)
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  • Other Sources  (11)
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  • NASA Technical Reports  (11)
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  • 1990-1994  (11)
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
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    Technology integration box beam failure study (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Composite structures have the potential to be cost-effective, structurally efficient primary aircraft structures. The Advanced Composites Technology (ACT) Program has the goal to develop the technology to exploit this potential for heavily loaded aircraft structures. As part of the ACT Program, Lockheed Aeronautical Systems Company completed the design and fabrication of the Technology Integration Box Beam (TIBB). The TIBB is an advanced composite prototype structure for the center wing section of the C-130 aircraft. Lockheed subjected the TIBB to downbending, upbending, torsion and combined upbending and torsion load conditions to verify the design. The TIBB failed at 83 percent of design ultimate load for the combined upbending and torsion load condition. The objective of this paper is to describe the mechanisms that led to the failure of the TIBB. The results of a comprehensive analytical and experimental study are presented. Analytical results include strain and deflection results from both a global analysis of the TIBB and a local analysis of the failure region. These analytical results are validated by experimental results from the TIBB tests. The analytical and experimental results from the TIBB tests are used to determine a sequence of events that resulted in failure of the TIBB. A potential cause of failure is high stresses in a stiffener runout region. Analytical and experimental results are also presented for a stiffener runout specimen that was used to simulate the TIBB failure mechanisms.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Third NASA Advanced Composites Technology Conference, Volume 1, Part 2; p 951-965
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  • 2
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    Structural control sensors for the CASES GTF (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: CASES (Controls, Astrophysics and Structures Experiment in Space) is a proposed space experiment to collect x-ray images of the galactic center and solar disk with unprecedented resolution. This requires precision pointing and suppression of vibrations in the long flexible structure that comprises the 32-m x-ray telescope optical bench. Two separate electro-optical sensor systems are provided for the ground test facility (GTF). The Boom Motion Tracker (BMT) measures eigenvector data for post-mission use in system identification. The Tip Displacement Sensor (TDS) measures boom tip position and is used as feedback for the closed-loop control system that stabilizes the boom. Both the BMT and the TDS have met acceptance specifications and were delivered to MSFC in February 1992. This paper describes the sensor concept, the sensor configuration as implemented in the GTF, and the results of characterization and performance testing.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, The Fifth NASA(DOD Controls-Structures Interaction Technology Conference, Part 1; p 263-275
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  • 3
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    Design, analysis, and testing of high frequency passively damped struts (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Objectives of the research are: (1) to develop design requirements for damped struts to stabilize control system in the high frequency cross-over and spill-over range; (2) to design, fabricate and test viscously damped strut and viscoelastically damped strut; (3) to verify accuracy of design and analysis methodology of damped struts; and (4) to design and build test apparatus, and develop data reduction algorithm to measure strut complex stiffness. In order to meet the stringent performance requirements of the SPICE experiment, the active control system is used to suppress the dynamic responses of the low order structural modes. However, the control system also inadvertently drives some of the higher order modes unstable in the cross-over and spill-over frequency range. Passive damping is a reliable and effective way to provide damping to stabilize the control system. It also improves the robustness of the control system. Damping is designed into the SPICE testbed as an integral part of the control-structure technology.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, The Fifth NASA(DOD Controls-Structures Interaction Technology Conference, Part 1; p 239-249
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  • 4
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    Perceptual factors that influence use of computer enhanced visual displays (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This document is the final report for the NASA/Langley contract entitled 'Perceptual Factors that Influence Use of Computer Enhanced Visual Displays.' The document consists of two parts. The first part contains a discussion of the problem to which the grant was addressed, a brief discussion of work performed under the grant, and several issues suggested for follow-on work. The second part, presented as Appendix I, contains the annual report produced by Dr. Ann Fulop, the Postdoctoral Research Associate who worked on-site in this project. The main focus of this project was to investigate perceptual factors that might affect a pilot's ability to use computer generated information that is projected into the same visual space that contains information about real world objects. For example, computer generated visual information can identify the type of an attacking aircraft, or its likely trajectory. Such computer generated information must not be so bright that it adversely affects a pilot's ability to perceive other potential threats in the same volume of space. Or, perceptual attributes of computer generated and real display components should not contradict each other in ways that lead to problems of accommodation and, thus, distance judgments. The purpose of the research carried out under this contract was to begin to explore the perceptual factors that contribute to effective use of these displays.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: NASA-CR-192961 , NAS 1.26:192961
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  • 5
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    LARCRIM user's guide, version 1.0 (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: LARCRIM is a relational database management system (RDBMS) which performs the conventional duties of an RDBMS with the added feature that it can store attributes which consist of arrays or matrices. This makes it particularly valuable for scientific data management. It is accessible as a stand-alone system and through an application program interface. The stand-alone system may be executed in two modes: menu or command. The menu mode prompts the user for the input required to create, update, and/or query the database. The command mode requires the direct input of LARCRIM commands. Although LARCRIM is an update of an old database family, its performance on modern computers is quite satisfactory. LARCRIM is written in FORTRAN 77 and runs under the UNIX operating system. Versions have been released for the following computers: SUN (3 & 4), Convex, IRIS, Hewlett-Packard, CRAY 2 & Y-MP.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: NASA-CR-191416 , NAS 1.26:191416 , TAO-60306
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  • 6
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    The results of the in-flight attitude sensor calibration for the Arthur Holly Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Arthur Holly Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) was launched by the shuttle Atlantis in April 1991. This paper presents the results of the attitude sensor calibration that was performed during the early mission. The GSFC Flight Dynamics Facility (FDF) performed an alignment calibration of the two fixed-head star trackers (FHST's) and two fine Sun sensors (FSS's) on board Compton GRO. The results show a 27-arcsecond shift between the bore sights of the FHST's with respect to prelaunch measurements. The alignments of the two FSS's shifted by 0.20 and 0.05 degree. During the same time period, the Compton GRO science teams performed an alignment calibration of the science instruments with respect to the attitude reported by the on board computer (OBC). In order to preserve these science alignments, FDF adjusted the overall alignments of the FHST's and FSS's, obtained by the FDF calibration, such that when up linked to the OBC, the shift in the OBC-determined attitude is minimized. FDF also calibrated the inertial reference unit (IRU), which consists of three dual-axis gyroscopes. The observed gyro bias matched the bias that was solved for by the OBC. This bias drifted during the first 6 days after release. The results of the FDF calibration of scale factor and alignment shifts showed changes that were of the same order as their uncertainties.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Flight Mechanics(Estimation Theory Symposium, 1992; p 39-54
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  • 7
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    A homotopy algorithm for digital optimal projection control GASD-HADOC (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The linear-quadratic-gaussian (LQG) compensator was developed to facilitate the design of control laws for multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) systems. The compensator is computed by solving two algebraic equations for which standard closed-loop solutions exist. Unfortunately, the minimal dimension of an LQG compensator is almost always equal to the dimension of the plant and can thus often violate practical implementation constraints on controller order. This deficiency is especially highlighted when considering control-design for high-order systems such as flexible space structures. This deficiency motivated the development of techniques that enable the design of optimal controllers whose dimension is less than that of the design plant. A homotopy approach based on the optimal projection equations that characterize the necessary conditions for optimal reduced-order control. Homotopy algorithms have global convergence properties and hence do not require that the initializing reduced-order controller be close to the optimal reduced-order controller to guarantee convergence. However, the homotopy algorithm previously developed for solving the optimal projection equations has sublinear convergence properties and the convergence slows at higher authority levels and may fail. A new homotopy algorithm for synthesizing optimal reduced-order controllers for discrete-time systems is described. Unlike the previous homotopy approach, the new algorithm is a gradient-based, parameter optimization formulation and was implemented in MATLAB. The results reported may offer the foundation for a reliable approach to optimal, reduced-order controller design.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: NASA-CR-193881 , NAS 1.26:193881
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  • 8
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    The attitude accuracy consequences of on-orbit calibration of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer attitude sensors by the Flight Dynamics Facility at Goddard Space Flight Center (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The science mission of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) requires attitude solutions with uncertainties of 27, 16.7, 16.7 arcseconds (3 sigma) around the roll, pitch, and yaw axes, respectively. The primary input to the attitude determination process is provided by two NASA standard fixed-head star trackers (FHSTs) and a Teledyne dry rotor inertial reference unit (DRIRU) 2. The attitude determination requirements approach the limits attainable with the FHSTs and DRIRU. The Flight Dynamics Facility (FDF) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) designed and executed calibration procedures that far exceeded the extent and the data volume of any other FDF-supported mission. The techniques and results of this attempt to obtain attitude accuracies at the limit of sensor capability and the results of analysis of the factors that limit the attitude accuracy are the primary subjects of this paper. The success of the calibration effort is judged by the resulting measurement residuals and comparisons between ground- and onboard-determined attitudes. The FHST star position residuals have been reduced to less tha 4 arcsec per axis -- a value that appears to be limited by the sensor capabilities. The FDF ground system uses a batch least-squares estimator to determine attitude. The EUVE onboard computer (OBC) uses an extended Kalman filter. Currently, there are systematic differences between the two attitude solutions that occasionally exceed the mission requirements for 3 sigma attitude uncertainty. Attempts to understand and reduce these differences are continuing.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: In: Spaceflight mechanics, 1993; AAS(AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting, 3rd, Pasadena, CA, Feb. 22-24, 1993, Parts 1 & 2 . A95-81344 (ISSN 0065-3438); p. 59-78
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  • 9
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    Postlaunch calibration of spacecraft attitude instruments (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The accuracy of both onboard and ground attitude determination can be significantly enhanced by calibrating spacecraft attitude instruments (sensors) after launch. Although attitude sensors are accurately calibrated before launch, the stresses of launch and the space environment inevitably cause changes in sensor parameters. During the mission, these parameters may continue to drift requiring repeated on-orbit calibrations. The goal of attitude sensor calibration is to reduce the systematic errors in the measurement models. There are two stages at which systematic errors may enter. The first occurs in the conversion of sensor output into an observation vector in the sensor frame. The second occurs in the transformation of the vector from the sensor frame to the spacecraft attitude reference frame. This paper presents postlaunch alignment and transfer function calibration of the attitude sensors for the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO), the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), and the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE).
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: In: Spaceflight dynamics 1993; AAS(NASA International Symposium, 8th, Greenbelt, MD, Apr. 26-30, 1993, Parts 1 & 2 . A95-85716 (ISSN 0065-3438); p. 1085-1099
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  • 10
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    Transonic panel flutter (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: FEM is here used to ascertain the stability and aeroelastic response of thin, 2D panels subjected to Mach 0.8-2.5 flows. In the absence of shocks, it is found that the Euler equations used to represent the unsteady flowfield dynamics predict response behaviors resembling those obtained via potential flow methods. Where shocks do play a significant role in the overall motion of the panel, divergence and limit cycle flutter are observed. In the Mach 1.4-1.5 range, flutter involved the higher modes of the panel, tending toward possible chaotic motion.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 93-1476 , ; 15 p.|AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, and ASC, Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, 34th and AIAA and ASME, Adaptive Structures Forum; Apr 19, 1993 - Apr 22, 1993; La Jolla, CA; United States
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