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  • Other Sources  (36)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (36)
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  • 1993  (36)
  • 1
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    Thin current sheets in the deep geomagnetic tail (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The International Sun-Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3) magnetic field and plasma electron data from Jan - March 1983 have been searched to study thin current sheets in the deep tail region. 33 events were selected where the spacecraft crossed through the current sheet from lobe to lobe within 15 minutes. The average thickness of the observed current sheets was 2.45 R(sub E), and in 24 cases the current sheet was thinner than 3.0 R(sub E); 6 very thin current sheets (thickness lambda less than 0.5 R(sub E) were found. The electron data show that the very thin current sheets are associated with considerable temperature anisotropy. On average, the electron gradient current was about 17% of the total current, whereas the current arising from the electron temperature anisotropy varied between 8-45% of the total current determined from the lobe field magnitude.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 22; p. 2427-2430
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  • 2
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    An overview of the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) mission (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The scientific objective of the NASA Small-class Explorer Mission SAMPEX is summarized. A brief history of the Small Explorer program is provided along with a description of the SAMPEX project development and structure. The spacecraft and scientific instrument configuration is presented. The orbit of SAMPEX has an altitude of 520 by 670 km and an 82 deg inclination. Maximum possible power is provided by articulated solar arrays that point continuously toward the sun. Highly sensitive science instruments point generally toward the local zenith, especially over the terrestrial poles, in order to measure optimally the galactic and solar cosmic ray flux. Energetic magnetospheric particle precipitation is monitored at lower geomagnetic latitudes. The spacecraft uses several innovative approaches including an optical fiber bus, powerful onboard computers, and large solid state memories (instead of tape recorders). Spacecraft communication and data acquisition are discussed, and the space- and ground-segment data flows are summarized. A mission lifetime of 3 years is sought with the goal of extending data acquisition over an even longer portion of the 11-year solar activity cycle.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); 31; 3; p. 531-541.
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  • 3
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    Design and fabrication of the All-Reflecting H-Lyman-alpha Coronagraph/Polarimeter (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We have designed, analyzed, and are now fabricating an All-Reflecting H-Lyman-alpha Coronagraph/Polarimeter for solar research. This new instrument operates in a narrow bandpass centered at 215.7 A - the neutral hydrogen Ly-alpha line. It is shorter and faster than the telescope which produced solar Ly-alpha images as a part of the MSSTA payload that was launched on May 13, 1991. The Ly-alpha line is produced and linearly polarized in the solar corona by resonance scattering, and the presence of a magnetic field modifies this polarization according to the Hanle effect. The Lyman-alpha Coronagraph/Polarimeter instrument has been designed to measure coronal magnetic fields by interpreting, via the Hanle effect, the measured linear polarization of the coronal Ly-alpha line. Ultrasmooth mirrors, polarizers, and filters are being flow-polished for this instrument from CVD silicon carbide substrates. These optical components will be coated using advanced induced transmission and absorption thin film multilayer coatings to optimize the reflectivity and polarization properties at 1215.7 A. We describe some of the solar imaging results obtained with the MSSTA Lyman-alpha coronagraph. We also discuss the optical design parameters and fabrication plans for the All-Reflecting H-Lyman-alpha Coronagraph/Polarimeter.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: In: Multilayer and grazing incidence X-ray(EUV optics for astronomy and projection lithography; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 19-22, 1992 (A93-39601 15-74); p. 439-452.
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  • 4
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    Polarimetry of the HI Lyman-alpha for coronal magnetic field diagnostics (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We discuss and analyze the possible sources of observational and instrumental uncertainty that can be encountered in measuring magnetic fields of the solar corona through polarimetric observations of the Hanle effect of the coronal Ly-alpha line. The Hanle effect is the modification of the linear polarization of a resonantly scattered line, due to the presence of a magnetic field. Simulated observations are used to examine how polarimetric measurements of this effect are affected by the line-of-sight integration, the electron collisions, and the Ly-alpha geocorona. We plan to implement the coronal magnetic field diagnostics via the Ly-alpha Hanle effect using an all-reflecting Ly-alpha coronagraph/polarimeter (Ly-alphaCoPo) which employs reflecting multilayer mirrors, polarizers, and filters. We discuss here the requirements for such an instrument, and analyze the sources of instrumental uncertainty for polarimetric observations of the coronal Ly-alpha Hanle effect. We conclude that the anticipated polarization signal from the corona and the expected performance of the Ly-alphaCoPo instrument are such that the Ly-alpha Hanle effect method for coronal field diagnostics is feasible.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: In: Multilayer and grazing incidence X-ray(EUV optics for astronomy and projection lithography; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 19-22, 1992 (A93-39601 15-74); p. 423-438.
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  • 5
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    Magnetospheric models for electron acceleration and transport in the heliosphere (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Electron transport and acceleration processes in the earth's magnetosphere have correspondences to analogous processes affecting electrons in the solar magnetosphere (i.e., heliosphere). Energetic electrons in planetary magnetospheres and the heliosphere are test particles probing transport and acceleration dynamics with minimal effects on dominant magnetic field configurations. Parallels are discussed relating to electron entry into the magnetospheres from interplanetary and interstellar space, circulatory transport processes, and acceleration by electric fields in boundary regions including shocks and magnetotails.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 13; 6; p. 103-106.
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  • 6
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    Development of a piezopolymer pressure sensor for a portable fetal heart rate monitor (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A piezopolymer pressure sensor has been developed for service in a portable fetal heart rate monitor, which will permit an expectant mother to perform the fetal nonstress test, a standard predelivery test, in her home. Several sensors are mounted in an array on a belt worn by the mother. The sensor design conforms to the distinctive features of the fetal heart tone, namely, the acoustic signature, frequency spectrum, signal amplitude, and localization. The components of a sensor serve to fulfill five functions: signal detection, acceleration cancellation, acoustical isolation, electrical shielding, and electrical isolation of the mother. A theoretical analysis of the sensor response yields a numerical value for the sensor sensitivity, which is compared to experiment in an in vitro sensor calibration. Finally, an in vivo test on patients within the last six weeks of term reveals that nonstress test recordings from the acoustic monitor compare well with those obtained from conventional ultrasound.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering (ISSN 0018-9294); Volume 40; 9; 963-9
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  • 7
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    ISEE 3 observations of traveling compression regions in the earth's magnetotail (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A comprehensive study is conducted of traveling compression regions (TCRs) in the distant magnetotail; a total of 116 TCRs were studied from ISEE 3 observations. Strong support is obtained for the interpretation of TCRs as large-scale compressions of the lobes that are caused by the rapid downtail motion of plasmoids. TCRs furnish information on the 3D shape and volume of the plasmoid bulge. The close association noted between the substorm expansion phase onset and the TCRs provides strong support for the plasmoid model of magnetotail dynamics.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A9; p. 15,425-15,446.
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  • 8
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    Evolution of the global water cycle on Mars: The geological evidence (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The geological evidence for active water cycling early in the history of Mars (Noachian geological system or heavy bombardment) consists almost exclusively of fluvial valley networks in the heavily cratered uplands of the planet. It is commonly assumed that these landforms required explanation by atmospheric processes operating above the freezing point of water and at high pressure to allow rainfall and liquid surface runoff. However, it has also been documented that nearly all valley networks probably formed by subsurface outflow and sapping erosion involving groundwater outflow prior to surface-water flow. The prolonged ground-water flow also requires extensive water cycling to maintain hydraulic gradients, but is this done via rainfall recharge, as in terrestrial environments?
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Early Mars: How Warm and How Wet?, Part 1; p 1-2
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  • 9
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    Charge retention test experiences on Hubble Space Telescope nickel-hydrogen battery cells (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) nickel-hydrogen battery module was designed by Lockheed Missile & Space Co (LMSC) and manufactured by Eagle-Picher Ind. (EPI) for the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) as an Orbital Replacement Unit (ORU) for the nickel-cadmium batteries originally selected for this low earth orbit mission. The design features of the HST nickel hydrogen battery are described and the results of an extended charge retention test are summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center, The 1992 NASA Aerospace Battery Workshop; p 293-31
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  • 10
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    Meander properties of Venusian channels (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Venusian lava channels have meander dimensions that relate to their mode of formation. Their meander properties generally follow terrestrial river trends of wavelength (L) to width (W) ratios, suggesting an equilibrium adjustment of channel form. Slightly higher L/W for many Venusian channels in comparison to terrestrial rivers may relate to nonaqueous flow processes. The unusually low L/W values for some Venusian and lunar sinuous rilles probably indicate modification of original meander patterns by lava-erosional channel widening.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 815-816
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