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  • Articles
  • Other Sources  (342)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (342)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (342)
  • 1980-1984  (342)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1983  (165)
  • 1980  (177)
Collection
  • Articles
  • Other Sources  (342)
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  • NASA Technical Reports  (342)
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  • 1980-1984  (342)
  • 1965-1969
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  • 1
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    Preliminary results on the plasma environment of Saturn from the Pioneer 11 plasma analyzer experiment (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Ames Research Center Pioneer 11 plasma analyzer experiment provided measurements of the solar wind interaction with Saturn and the character of the plasma environment within Saturn's magnetosphere. It is shown that Saturn has a detached bow shock wave and magnetopause quite similar to those at earth and Jupiter. The scale size of the interaction region for Saturn is roughly one-third that at Jupiter, but Saturn's magnetosphere is equally responsive to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Saturn's outer magnetosphere is inflated, as evidenced by the observation of large fluxes of corotating plasma. It is postulated that Saturn's magnetosphere may undergo a large expansion when the solar wind pressure is greatly diminished by the presence of Jupiter's extended magnetospheric tail when the two planets are approximately aligned along the same solar radial vector.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 207; Jan. 25
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  • 2
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    Observations of the 10-micron natural laser emission from the mesospheres of Mars and Venus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of the total flux and center to limb dependence of the nonthermal emission occurring in the cores of the 9.4 and 10.4 micrometers CO2 bands on Mars are compared to a theoretical model based on this mechanism. The model successfully reproduces the observed center to limb dependence of this emission, to within the limits imposed by the spatial resolution of the observations of Mars and Venus. The observed flux from Mars agrees closely with the prediction of the model; the flux observed from Venus is 74 percent of the flux predicted by the model. This emission is used to obtain the kinetic temperatures of the Martian and Venusian mesospheres. For Mars near 70 km altitude, a rotational temperature analysis using five lines gives T = 135 + or - 20 K. The frequency width of the emission is also analyzed to derive a temperature of 126 + or - 6 K. In the case of the Venusian mesosphere near 109 km, the frequency width of the emission gives T = 204 + or - 10 K.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 55; Sept
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  • 3
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    Measurements of stratospheric ethane in the Jovian South Polar Region from infrared heterodyne spectroscopy of the nu9 band near 12 microns (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 265
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  • 4
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    Ar-40/Ar-39 and U-Th-Pb dating of separated clasts from the Abee E4 chondrite (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Ar-40/Ar-39 and U-Th-Pb are investigated for three clasts from the Abee (E4) enstatite chondrite, yielding Ar-40/Ar-39 plateau ages (and/or maximum ages) of 4.5 Gy, while two of the clasts give average ages of 4.4 Gy. The 4.4-4.5 Gy range does not resolve possible age differences among the clasts. The U-Th-Pb data are consistent with the interpretation that initial clast formation occurred 4.58 Gy ago, and that the clasts have since remained closed systems which have been contaminated with terrestrial Pb. The thermal history of Abee deduced from Ar data seems consistent with that deduced from magnetic data, suggesting that various Abee components experienced separate histories until brecciation no later than 4.4 Gy ago, experiencing no significant subsequent heating.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 62; 1, Ja; Jan. 198
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  • 5
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    Electrostatic waves in the Jovian magnetosphere (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations by the plasma wave receivers on Voyagers 1 and 2 show that a wide variety of electrostatic waves are present within the Jovian magnetosphere and that the Jovian electrostatic waves are for the most part very similar to those observed in the terrestrial magnetosphere. Bands of emission near the upper hybrid resonance frequency in the dayside outer magnetosphere are detected between higher harmonics of the electron gyrofrequency. Inside of about 23 Jupiter radii, electron cyclotron harmonic emissions appear to be durable features of the inner Jovian magnetosphere and are extremely well confined to the Jovian magnetic equator. The cyclotron emissions extend from just above the local electron gyrofrequency to the upper hybrid resonance frequency.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 7; Jan. 198
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  • 6
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    Structure and meteorology of the middle atmosphere of Venus Infrared remote sensing from the Pioneer orbiter (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The results of the Pioneer Venus orbiter radiometric temperature-sounding experiment are presented with examples of each of the primary data products. The measured temperature field is used to model the dynamics of the middle atmosphere from 60 to 140 km, and the thermal and solar fluxes are used to calculate the planetary radiation budget. The data for the diurnal variation of temperature at a given height show fairly small amplitudes up to an altitude of about 95 km, above which the day to night contrast increases rapidly with height. At the equator the dependence of temperature in the stratosphere on solar longitude is dominated by a wave number 2 solar tide with an amplitude of about 10 K. The equator to pole gradients are larger than expected, and the stratosphere is typically 15 to 20 K warmer at the pole than at the equator. The most significant discovery concerning the cloud morphology is a dipole structure consisting of two clearings in the cloud at locations straddling the pole and rotating around it every 2.7 days.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
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  • 7
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    A survey of electrostatic waves in Saturn's magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Voyager 1 and 2 plasma wave instruments have provided initial observations of electrostatic waves in Saturn's magnetosphere. In general, the emissions at Saturn are similar to those found at earth and Jupiter, although there are significant differences in some of the detailed characteristics. In this paper an overview is presented of the various types of electrostatic waves in the Saturnian magnetosphere, including Langmuir waves and electron cyclotron harmonic emissions. The temporal and spectral character, amplitude, and regions of occurrence for the various classes of emissions are summarized. These characteristics are compared with those of the terrestrial and Jovian counterparts with the goal of understanding how major differences in the magnetospheric configuration might contribute to the observed differences. Finally, the theory of electron cyclotron harmonic emissions is used to gain an insight into the electron distributions and possible wave-particle interactions in Saturn's magnetosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8959-897
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  • 8
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    Nature of the H chondrite parent body regolith - Evidence from the Dimmitt breccia (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Meteorite regolith breccias are clastic rocks which formed by lithification of fragmental regolith material that once resided at the surface of a meteorite parent body. A study is reported of the matrix and 21 clasts of various sizes (0.2-24 mm) in the Dimmitt H chondrite regolith breccia using petrographic and electron microprobe techniques. In addition, oxygen isotope studies of three clasts and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and Ar-39/Ar-40 age dating of one clast are reported. The Dimmitt meteorite was found about 1942 near Dimmitt, Texas. Attention is given to analytical procedures, the clastic matrix, equilibrated clasts, poikilitic melt-rock clast, clasts of different chondrite groups, graphite-magnetite aggregates, the origin of exotic clasts, and the complexity of parent body surfaces processes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 15, 1982 - Mar 19, 1982; Houston, TX
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  • 9
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    The detection of X rays from Jupiter (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: X rays in the energy band 0.2-3.0 keV have been detected coming from both polar regions of Jupiter. The observations were made in 1979 and 1981 by using the imaging proportional counter and high resolution imaging detectors on the Einstein X-ray astronomy satellite. The measured flux density of approximately 0.0006/sq cm-sec at earth corresponds to an X ray luminosity of approximately 4 x 10 to the 9th W in the 0.2- to 3.0-keV energy band. The energy spectrum of the X rays is extremely soft and can be characterized by a power law with an exponent of approximately 2.3. Detector energy resolution is insufficient to distinguish a soft line spectrum from a continuum. However, the shape of the response and the observed X ray power indicate that the source of this auroral emission is not electron bremsstrahlung as on the earth, but is most probably line emission from O and S ions with energies between 0.03 and 4.0 MeV/nucleon precipitating from the outer boundary of the Io plasma torus at L approximately 8.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Oct. 1
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  • 10
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    Cloud morphology and motions from Pioneer Venus images (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The horizontal and vertical cloud structures, atmospheric waves, and wind velocities at the cloud top level were determined by the Pioneer Venus photopolarimeter images in the UV from January through March 1979. The images indicate long-term evolution of cloud characteristics, the atmospheric dynamics, and rapid small changes in cloud morphology. The clouds show a globally coordinated oscillation relative to latitude circles; retrograde zonal winds of 100 m/s near the equator are determined from the tracking of small-scale cloud properties, but two hemispheres show important variations. The zonal wind velocity in the southern hemisphere is reduced toward the poles at a rate similar to solid body rotation; the midlatitude jet stream noted by Mariner 10 is not observed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
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